Testing Definition

8/4/2019 Testing Definition

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What kinds of testing should be considered?

0 commentsPosted by ~~~ jollykanchan~~~ atSaturday, May 09, 2009

Black box testing - not based on any knowledge of internal design or code. Tests arebased on requirements and functionality.

White box testing - based on knowledge of the internal logic of an application's code.Tests are based on coverage of code statements, branches, paths, conditions.

Unit testing - the most 'micro' scale of testing; to test particular functions or codemodules. Typically done by the programmer and not by testers, as it requires detailed

knowledge of the internal program design and code. Not always easily done unless the

application has a well-designed architecture with tight code; may require developing test

driver modules or test harnesses.

Incremental integration testing - continuous testing of an application as newfunctionality is added; requires that various aspects of an application's functionality be

independent enough to work separately before all parts of the program are completed, or

that test drivers be developed as needed; done by programmers or by testers. Integration testing - testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they

function together correctly. The 'parts' can be code modules, individual applications,

client and server applications on a network, etc. This type of testing is especially relevantto client/server and distributed systems.

Functional testing - black-box type testing geared to functional requirements of anapplication; this type of testing should be done by testers. This doesn't mean that theprogrammers shouldn't check that their code works before releasing it (which of course

applies to any stage of testing.)

System testing - black-box type testing that is based on overall requirementsspecifications; covers all combined parts of a system.

End-to-end testing - similar to system testing; the 'macro' end of the test scale; involvestesting of a complete application environment in a situation that mimics real-world use,

such as interacting with a database, using network communications, or interacting withother hardware, applications, or systems if appropriate.

Sanity testing or smoke testing - typically an initial testing effort to determine if a newsoftware version is performing well enough to accept it for a major testing effort. For

example, if the new software is crashing systems every 5 minutes, bogging down systemsto a crawl, or corrupting databases, the software may not be in a 'sane' enough condition

to warrant further testing in its current state.

Regression testing - re-testing after fixes or modifications of the software or itsenvironment. It can be difficult to determine how much re-testing is needed, especiallynear the end of the development cycle. Automated testing tools can be especially useful

for this type of testing.

Acceptance testing -final testing based on specifications of the end-user or customer, orbased on use by end-users/customers over some limited period of time.

Load testing - testing an application under heavy loads, such as testing of a web siteunder a range of loads to determine at what point the system's response time degrades or

Stress testing - term often used interchangeably with 'load' and 'performance' testing.Also used to describe such tests as system functional testing while under unusually heavy
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loads, heavy repetition of certain actions or inputs, input of large numerical values, large

complex queries to a database system, etc.

Performance testing - term often used interchangeably with 'stress' and 'load' testing.Ideally 'performance' testing (and any other 'type' of testing) is defined in requirements

documentation or QA or Test Plans.

Usability testing -testing for 'user-friendliness'. Clearly this is subjective, and will depend on thetargeted end-user or customer.User interviews, surveys, video recording of user sessions, and othertechniques can be used. Programmers and testers are usually not appropriate as usability testers.

Install/Uninstall testing -testing of full, partial, or upgrade install/uninstall processes. Recovery testing -testing how well a system recovers from crashes, hardware failures, or other

catastrophic problems.

Failover testing - typically used interchangeably with 'recovery testing' Security testing -testing how well the system protects against unauthorized internal or external access,

willful damage, etc; may require sophisticated testing techniques.

Compatibility testing -testing how well software performs in a particularhardware/software/operating system/network/etc. environment.

Exploratory testing -often taken to mean a creative, informal software test that is not based onformal test plans or test cases; testers may be learning the software as they test it.

Ad-hoc testing -similar to exploratory testing, but often taken to mean that the testers have significantunderstanding of the software before testing it.

Context-driven testing -testing driven by an understanding of the environment, culture, and intendeduse of software. For example, the testing approach for life-critical medical equipment

software would be completely different than that for a low-cost computer game.

User acceptance testing -determining if software is satisfactory to an end-user or customer. Comparison testing - comparing software weaknesses and strengths to competing products. Alpha testing - testing of an application when development is nearing completion; minor design

changes may still be made as a result of such testing. Typically done by end-users or others, not byprogrammers or testers.

Beta testing -testing when development and testing are essentially completed and final bugs andproblems need to be found before final release. Typically done by end-users or others, not by

programmers or testers.

Mutation testing -a method for determining if a set of test data or test cases is useful, by deliberatelyintroducing various code changes ('bugs') and retesting with the original test data/cases to determine if the

'bugs' are detected. Proper implementation requires large computational resources.

What's an 'inspection'?

0 commentsPosted by ~~~ jollykanchan~~~ atFriday, May 08, 2009

An inspection is more formalized than a 'walkthrough', typically with 3-8 people including amoderator, reader, and a recorder to take notes. The subject of the inspection is typically a

document such as a requirements spec or a test plan, and the purpose is to find problems and see

what's missing, not to fix anything. Attendees should prepare for this type of meeting by readingthru the document; most problems will be found during this preparation. The result of the

inspection meeting should be a written report. Thorough preparation for inspections is difficult,

painstaking work, but is one of the most cost effective methods of ensuring quality. Employeeswho are most skilled at inspections are like the 'eldest brother' in the parable in 'Why is it often
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hard for organizations to get serious about quality assurance?'. Their skill may have low visibility

but they are extremely valuable to any software development organization, since bug preventionis far more cost-effective than bug detection.

What is a 'walkthrough'?


A 'walkthrough' is an informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes. Little or nopreparation is usually required.

What is verification? validation?


Verification typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code,requirements, and specifications. This can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs,

and inspection meetings.

Validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed. The

term 'IV & V' refers to Independent Verification and Validation.

What is 'Software Testing'?


Testing involves operation of a system or application under controlled conditions and evaluating

the results (eg, 'if the user is in interface A of the application while using hardware B, and does

C, then D should happen'). The controlled conditions should include both normal and abnormalconditions. Testing should intentionally attempt to make things go wrong to determine if things

happen when they shouldn't or things don't happen when they should. It is oriented to 'detection'.

Organizations vary considerably in how they assign responsibility for QA and testing.Sometimes they're the combined responsibility of one group or individual. Also common

are project teams that include a mix of testers and developers who work closely together,

with overall QA processes monitored by project managers. It will depend on what bestfits an organization's size and business structure.

What is 'Software Quality Assurance'? 0 commentsPosted by ~~~ jollykanchan~~~ atFriday, May 08, 2009 Software QA involves the entire software development PROCESS - monitoring and

improving the process, making sure that any agreed-upon standards and procedures are

followed, and ensuring that problems are found and dealt with. It is oriented to'prevention'.

Effectiveness of SRS in Testing
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0 commentsPosted by ~~~ jollykanchan~~~ atFriday, May 08, 2009 I am a Sr. Quality Analyst and recently, I asked one tester to prepare SRS of a new

feature which was getting introduced in the product. While working on the preparation of

the SRS document, he realised that its very difficult for him. But slowly he understoodthat he should communicate frequently with the client and ensure that everything

regarding the project was clearly understood by him.

An SRS is a very important document for the implementation the testing of that project.

A good SRS can usually be prepared by an experienced person. While creating an SRS

document the communication with the Business team and the developers is extremelyimportant as they are the only people who can tell you exactly about the project and what

the requirements are.

In case of testing, if tester has a good SRS with him then he can do testing effectively. ATester should know what, is the exact functionality of the application and what are the

major points he has to keep in mind while testing so that project doesnt get any issue

after launch in market. All flows are also clearly mentioned in the SRS. If tester has SRS

with him while testing, he dont get any problem or issue and there is less need tocommunicate with the development or business team while testing.

We may also face some problem while creation of SRS. It may be possible that first timeall the requirements are not clear to you. It may be possible that in every meeting some

requirements may change and you have to make changes in SRS corresponding to that

change, change may be minor or major. The documents which are provided by eitherdevelopment team or by the business team also help in creating a more comprehensive

SRS.

After the first phase completion of SRS you should send it to the business team which isworking on that project. Business team reviews the SRS and if they want any change in

it, they list it out and the changes should be incorporated by the author. If they find

complete requirements and other information regarding project in SRS they approve the

SRS. After approval its not easy to make change in SRS and not advisable also. If infuture you want to make some changes in the requirements of flow of the project, firstlyyou have to take approval from senior manager of that project and after the approval from

him the changes can made to the SRS, if he reject those changes then SRS cannot beupdated.

While working on SRS, we have to keep some points in mind for making it effective.

These points are as follows: You should know purpose and scope of project. You should have all the requirements for project.

You should know the flow of application. You should know all the people/teams involved in the project. Talk, talk and talk it all out. Dont assume things on your own.

Proof read the SRS before mailing it for approval. Delicately maintain the various iterations which a SRS goes through, so that you dont
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miss out any changes.

Remember, its not the creativity which people look for in a SRS, its how logically you

have summarized all the technical flows in the application.

What is Software Testing? 0 commentsPosted by ~~~ jollykanchan~~~ atThursday, May 28, 2009

Testing involves operation of a system or application under controlledconditions and evaluating the results (eg, 'if the user is in interface A of

the application while using hardware B, and does C, then D should happen').The controlled conditions should include both normal and abnormal

conditions. Testing should intentionally attempt to make things go wrong to

determine if things happen when they shouldn't or things don't happen whenthey should. It is oriented to 'detection'.

Organizations vary considerably in how they assign responsibility for QA and

testing. Sometimes they're the combined responsibility of one group or

individual. Also common are project teams that include a mix of testers and

developers who work closely together, with overall QA processes monitored by

project managers. It will depend on what best fits an organization's sizeand business structure.

What is Software Quality Assurance? 0 commentsPosted by ~~~ jollykanchan~~~ atThursday, May 28, 2009 Software QA involves the entire software development PROCESS - monitoring

and improving the process, making sure that any agreed-upon standards andprocedures are followed, and ensuring that problems are found and dealt

with. It is oriented to 'prevention'.

What's the difference between QA and testing? 0 commentsPosted by ~~~ jollykanchan~~~ atThursday, May 28, 2009 QA is more a preventive thing, ensuring quality in the company and therefore

the product rather than just testing the product for software bugs?

TESTING means "quality control"

QUALITY CONTROL measures the quality of a product

QUALITY ASSURANCE measures the quality of processes used to create aquality product.
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