Test ReviewAP World History

Ch. 8-10

Part II

What is a “Shogun”? What was the position of the emperor

in Japan?

A “Shogun” was the military leader of all Japan. This was achieved through military conquest

The emperor was largely a dynastic title. The real power was held by the Shogun

Describe the feudal system in Japan during the 600-1200 C.E. period

The Heiji War, marks the beginning of feudal Japan, for the relationship of various provincial generals and lords to the shogun was the relationship of vassals to a lord. The individual provinces were more or less independent; their lords, or daimyo, took oaths of allegiance to the shogun.

http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/FEUJAPAN/FEUJAPAN.HTM

Political aspects of feudal Japan What was significant

about the Kamakura shogunate?

1st of three de-centralized military –led governments

Rise of Samurai class of warriors

Compare European and Japanese feudalism

http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/politicalsystems/feudalism.cfm

Who is Murasaki Shikibu? Female noblewoman-author of Tales of the

Genji Book about the son of the Japanese

emperor in Kyoto around 1000 C.E.

http://www.taleofgenji.org/summary.html

What is Champa rice?

Originally from India, became the staple crop in southern Viet Nam (Champa) and was brought as tribute to the Song China court and became popular with Chinese farmers because it matured faster than their own rice variety.

What technological achievements of the Koryo dynasty of Korea?

Beautifully printed editions of Buddhist texts

Woodblock printing

Moveable type-improved by the Chinese led to more cheaply printed texts, available to all

Compare the philosophies of Buddhism and Confucianism

Although both began as guidelines for living, Buddhism has developed into a religion. Confucianism emphasized inner harmony with nature and ancestor veneration, but Buddhism focused on development of the individual with nirvana, or total spiritual satisfaction as the goal.

http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Hinduism-Buddhism-Confucianism-and-Taoism.topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26930.html

What are the differences between Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism?

Neo-Confucianism became popular during the Song dynasty in China. It was a new interpretation of the teachings of Confucius. This new interpretation emphasized individual moral and social responsibility with the “sage” who deals with social problems calmly as the human ideal

Pg. 258

Buddhists & Confucianists continued…

Neo-Confucianists & Buddhists used meditation Civil examinations for government positions

included questions from Confucian classics and although this meant that positions were based on merit, noble sons who had the time to study the classics were more often successful.

Success meant good marriage prospects, high salary and prestige. Failure could ruin a man and his family

What factors contributed to the growth of cities after 1200 C.E.?

“Communes” of citizens demanded more autonomy for self-government

Increase in agriculture=increase in population (use of horse collar, plow)

Return to money based economy=more craftspeople rather than farmers

Development of manufacturing and trade

Where is Kievan Rus?Why was it important to trade?

The Slav peoples, ruled by the Swedish Vikings (Varangians) who lived in the area of Kiev controlled the trade on the Dnieper and Volga Rivers, much of trade was with the Byzantine Empire (blue)

Pg. 232

Who are the Slavs? member of the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of

peoples in Europe, residing chiefly in eastern and southeastern Europe but extending also across northern Asia to the Pacific Ocean. Slavic languages belong to the Indo-European family. Customarily Slavs are subdivided into east Slavs (chiefly Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians), west Slavs (chiefly Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, and Wends, or Sorbs), and south Slavs (chiefly Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and Macedonians). Bulgarians, though of mixed origin like the Hungarians, speak a Slavic language and are often designated as south Slavs.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548156/Slav

What factors led to the development of a middle class in many post-classical

societies? Change from subsistence farming to

technological diffusion, increase in population and consequently trade increases led to the development of a merchant class. The merchant class developed power through control of the economy.

What effect did the Franks have on Europe?

member of a Germanic-speaking people who invaded the western Roman Empire in the 5th century ad. Dominating present-day northern France, Belgium, and western Germany, the Franks established the most powerful Christian kingdom of early medieval western Europe. The name France (Francia) is derived from their name.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/217113/Frank

In general, what rights did women have before 800 C.E.?

Some rights in marriage as to choice of partner or to choose divorce

Some rights to property, laws upheld their rights to have protection and support from a husband

Women had control of the home and children although subservient to the husband.

Some women could work outside the home in markets or as mid-wives.

Comparison Questions

Compare the Tang dynasty with the Byzantine empire

Tang Christianity became

popular but Buddhism was predominant

Major trade center of Asia on Silk Road

Built on accomplishments of Sui dynasty

Tang Code of laws streamlined legal system

Byzantine Christianity became

predominant religion Major trade inter-section

on Silk Road Built on accomplishments

of Roman Empire Justinian Code of laws

streamlined legal system

Compare classical Rome to the Islamic Golden Age

Rome Innovations in

architecture and building practical inventions such as aquaducts

Islamic Golden Age Inventions were more

intellectual such as mathmatics, astronomy, medicine

How are the Song dynasty and Italian city-states similar?

Song River side cities became

centers of bustling trade Canals improved travel in

and between cities “Flying money” allowed

credit in other cities

Italian city-states Located on the rivers and

seaways of Italy Dominated the maritime

trade in the Mediterranean Cities became

independent through the power of trade

Gold coinage became prolific due to trade increase

Compare the Byzantine Empire to Rome

Byzantine Flourished due to location

on Silk Road Christianity became

predominant Art centered on religious

icons Suffered from attacks from

Germanic tribes and Muslims

Rome Began to lose economic

stability due to droughts & plague

Polytheism Art was bas-relief, realistic

sculpture in stone Suffered attacks from

Germanic tribes

How did you do?Good Luck!