Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases by Body System ... ·...

Test Bank for Microbiology

with Diseases by Body System

3rd Edition by Bauman

Link full download:

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microbiology-with-diseases-by-body-system-3rd-edition-by-

bauman/ Chapter 21 Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic

Diseases 21.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which of the following vessels carries blood from the heart to the rest of the

body? A) the aorta

B) the superior vena

cava C) the inferior vena

cava D) the pulmonary

arteries E) capillaries

Answer: A

2) Whole blood with the formed elements and clotting proteins removed is called

A) plasma.

https://www.testbankfire.com/download/test-bank-for-microbiology-with-diseases-by-body-system-3rd-edition-by-bauman/



B) lymph. C) serum. D) CSF. E) axenic.

Answer: C

Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge

Section: Structure of the Cardiovascular System

3) Blood is found in which of the following areas of the heart just before

it is pumped into the lungs?

A) the left ventricle B) the right atrium C) the right ventricle

D) the superior vena cava E) the left atrium

Answer: C

4) Which of the following types of bacterial toxins is associated

exclusively with Gram-negative bacteria?

A) endotoxin B) cytotoxin

C) neurotoxin D) both endotoxin and cytotoxin E) both cytotoxin and neurotoxin

Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

5) Infection of the lymphatic vessels is known

as A) disseminated intravascular coagulation.

B) bacteremia. C) lymphangitis.

D) petechiae. E) recurrent fever.


6) Toxic shock-like syndrome is associated with

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

B) Staphylococcus pyogenes. C) Streptococcus aureus. D) Neisseria meningitidis. E) Escherichia coli.

Answer: C



7) A person is brought to the emergency room with constant high fever, extensive

edema, low blood pressure, and petechiae. Which of the following may the

person be suffering from?

A) septicemia B) plague C) Lyme disease D) brucellosis

E) infectious

mononucleosis Answer: A

Bloom’s Rank: Application


8) Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a complication of which

of the following?

A) endocarditis B) brucellosis

C) Lyme disease

D) malaria

E) septicemia

Answer: E

Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension


9) Vegetations are associated with which of the following disease processes?

A) septicemia

B) endocarditis

C) tularemia

D) plague

E) toxoplasmosis

Answer: B

10) Unprotected contact with the bodily fluids of an infected animal may

result in A) African sleeping sickness. B) brucellosis. C) blackwater fever.

D) Lyme disease. E) toxoplasmosis.

Answer: B



11) The chief diagnostic sign of brucellosis

is A) petechiae. B) jaundice. C) “bull’s eye” rash.

D) fever which recurs at 24 hour intervals. E) fever which cycles every 72 hours.


12) Which of the following statements concerning Francisella is FALSE?

A) It resists phagocytosis.

B) Humans are its only known host. C) It is extremely infectious. D) It cannot be treated with penicillins or cephalosporins. E) An attenuated vaccine is used for high-risk

individuals. Answer: B Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases 13) Francisella can be transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT

A) a tick bite. B) direct contact with an infected animal.

C) consumption of infected meat. D) aerosols produced during animal slaughter. E) direct contact with an infected person.


14) The causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic

plague is A) Clostridium perfringens. B) Yersinia pestis. C) Francisella tularensis.

D) Borrelia burgdorferi.

E) Toxoplasma gondii. Answer: B


15) Which of the following is characteristic of Yersinia pestis

infections? A) petechiae B) a “bull’s-eye” rash

C) jaundice D) arthritis E) buboes

Answer: E



16) Which of the following is a means by which Borrelia burgdorferi evades

the body’s defenses?

A) It has a polysaccharide capsule. B) It has manganese-containing enzymes. C) It is capable of antigenic variation. D) It has a polysaccharide capsule and antiphagocytic proteins. E) It is capable of antigenic variation and has manganese-containing enzymes.

Answer: E

17) A bull’s-eye rash is associated with infections of which of

the following? A) Francisella tularensis B) dengue virus C) Borrelia burgdorferi

D) Epstein-Barr virus

E) Yersinia pestis

Answer: C Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge


18) Which of the following diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus

is commonly

seen in AIDS patients?

A) infectious mononucleosis

B) Burkitt’s lymphoma C) Hodgkin’s lymphoma D) chronic fatigue syndrome E) oral hairy leukoplakia

19) Epstein-Barr virus infections are typically asymptomatic in which

of the following groups?

A) the elderly B)

AIDS patients C)

adolescents D)

adults

E) young children

Answer: E


Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

20) “Black vomit” is associated with which of the following diseases?

A) malaria B) dengue fever C) Chagas’ disease D) yellow fever E) schistosomiasis

Answer: D



21) Infection with which of the following species of Plasmodium is most likely to be

fatal?

A) P. malariae B) P. vivax C) P. ovale D) P. falciparum E) All of these can cause a fatal

infection. Answer: D Bloom’s

Rank: Knowledge

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

22) Schizogony is an important aspect of which of the following diseases?

A) plague B) malaria C) toxoplasmosis D) Chagas’ disease E) schistosomiasis

Answer: B


23) Dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually

A) an immediate immune reaction to the initial infection with dengue virus. B) an antibody-antigen complex reaction.

C) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with dengue virus. D) an autoimmune disease. E) the chronic carrier state associated with dengue virus

infection. Answer: C Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge


24) A young woman develops a fever after a recent trip to a Caribbean island. She

also experiences severe headache and pain “in the bones.” After a few

days, she also

develops a rash. Which of the following did she most likely contract?

A) yellow fever virus B) dengue virus C) malaria D) Toxoplasma E) Chagas’ disease

25) Which of the following is transmitted by Aedes

mosquitoes? A) dengue fever

B) yellow fever

C) malaria D) both dengue fever and yellow fever

E) dengue fever, yellow fever, and

malaria Answer: D



26) A large number of people experience a high fever with a rash during the

summer months in a small country. Epidemiologists suspect an emerging disease.

Both Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes are endemic to the

country. Researchers are

able to detect +ssRNA in the blood of fever victims and in some mosquitoes.

What type of pathogen might be responsible for the epidemic?

A) a herpesvirus B) a flavivirus C) Plasmodium D) plague bacteria E) a filovirus

Answer: B Bloom’s Rank: Application

27) Which of the following is known to be

teratogenic? A) Epstein-Barr virus

B) cytomegalovirus

C) Plasmodium D)

Borrelia

E) dengue virus

Answer: B Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge


28) Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by which of the following virus types?

A) herpesviruses

B) flaviviruses C) Epstein-Barr viruses D) filoviruses E) rhabdoviruses

Answer: D

29) Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted by which of

the following? A) Triatoma bugs

B) Aedes mosquitoes

C) Ixodes ticks D) fleas

E) sand flies

Answer: A


30) Which of the following is the infective form of

Trypanosoma cruzi? A) epimastigotes

B) trypomastigotes

C) pseudocysts D)

amastigotes E)

miricidia Answer: B



31) Historically, physicians have used a procedure called

xenodiagnosis to diagnose

which of the following diseases?

A) malaria B) toxoplasmosis C) yellow fever D) Chagas’ disease E) schistosomiasis

Answer: D


32) Which of the following diseases is a major problem for AIDS patients?

A) Chagas’ disease

B) toxoplasmosis C) hemorrhagic fevers D) Lyme disease E) brucellosis

Answer: B Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge


33) Which of the following statements concerning Toxoplasma infection is

correct? A) It is a rare infection. B) It is transmitted by biting insects.

C) It is typically contracted by eating undercooked meat. D) Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts. E) In most individuals, the infection results in lasting damage to the heart.


34) Microscopic identification of its spiny eggs is used in the

diagnosis of infections

caused by

A) Schistosoma. B) Trypanosoma. C) Toxoplasma. D) Plasmodium. E) Borrelia.

Answer: A



35) “Swimmer’s itch” is an initial symptom of which of the following?

A) malaria B) Lyme disease C) Chagas’ disease D) tularemia E) schistosomiasis

Answer: E



36) Another name for brucellosis is

A) blackwater fever.

B) yellow fever.

C) snail fever. D)

rabbit fever. E)

undulant fever.

Answer: E


37) The normal hosts for Ebola viruses

are probably A) birds. B) cats.

C) rodents. D) bats. E) humans.

38) An indication of infection with Human herpesvirus 4

is A) “swimmer’s itch.”

B) “bull’s eye” rash. C) a bubo. D) high fever and sore throat.

E) an ulcerating sore.

39) Which of the following diseases is currently vaccine-preventable

in humans? A) schistosomiasis B) malaria

C) Lyme disease D) plague

E) yellow fever

Answer: E



40) A young man who is an avid outdoorsman goes to see his doctor complaining of

fever with chills, headache, nausea, and diarrhea. Blood tests show that he has

low levels of leukocytes and platelets. He may have contracted

A) brucellosis. B) tularemia. C) Lyme disease. D) ehrlichiosis. E) Chagas’ disease.

Answer: D

Bloom’s Rank: Application


41) A person reports to a clinic complaining of fever and abdominal pain. The

abdomen is swollen, and blood tests indicate kidney damage. A stool sample

is examined under a microscope and found to contain eggs with a spine

projecting from its surface. The indications are consistent with infection with

A) Plasmodium falciparum. B) Anaplasma phagocytophilium.

C) Schistosoma mansoni. D) Toxoplasma gondii. E) Trypanosoma cruzi.


21.2 True/False Questions

1) Lipid A causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Answer: TRUE

2) Only adult ticks of the genus Ixodes may feed on

humans. Answer: FALSE

3) Small doses of antimicrobial drugs are effective in treatment of the

late stages of Borrelia infection because the microbe is extremely

susceptible. Answer: FALSE Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension


4) The terms “bacteremia” and “septicemia” are synonymous.

Answer: FALSE



5) Patients with occult septicemia are

asymptomatic. Answer: FALSE

6) The three developmental stages of Ehrlichia are the elementary body, the initial

body, and the morula. Answer: TRUE

7) Human herpesvirus 4 is better known as

cytomegalovirus. Answer: FALSE

8) Neither bubonic nor pneumonic plague can be spread from person

to person. Answer: FALSE

9) Vertical transmission of cytomegalovirus may occur in utero or at the

time of vaginal birth.

Answer: TRUE



10) Episodes of malaria become more and more severe with each

recurrence of symptoms. Answer: FALSE


21.3 Short Answer Questions

1) The release of bacterial toxins into the blood leads to __________.

Answer: toxemia

2) Bacterial infection of the membrane lining the heart chambers and covering

the valves is called __________. Answer: endocarditis 3) When bacteria in the bloodstream invade the bones, this leads to a

painful condition called __________.

Answer: osteomyelitis



4) Undulant fever is also known as __________. Answer: brucellosis



5) Historically, __________ occurred in three great pandemics; the most

notable one

occurred in 14th-century Europe.

Answer: plague

6) One of the factors leading to the initial characterization of Lyme disease in

1975 was the greater-than-expected incidence of __________ among children.

Answer: arthritis

7) Because of their small size, __________ of the tick genus Ixodes

most often transmit

Lyme disease to humans.

Answer: nymphs



8) Epstein-Barr virus causes the cells it infects to become immortal

because it suppresses __________. Answer: apoptosis 9) Cytomegalovirus infection of the retina is now treated with

__________, the first

antisense RNA drug.

Answer: fomivirsin



10) Yellow fever is named for the jaundice caused by the disease’s damage to the

__________.

Answer: liver

11) The genus __________ includes dengue virus and yellow fever virus. (Be sure to

use capital letters appropriately.)

Answer: Flavivirus



12) Depletion of clotting proteins from the serum leads to the uncontrollable

hemorrhaging seen in __________ virus and Marburg virus infections. (Be sure

to use

capital letters appropriately.)

Answer: Ebola



13) The sporogonic cycle of __________ takes place entirely within

a mosquito. Answer: malaria Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension


14) Another name for Chagas’ disease is American __________.

Answer: trypanosomiasis



15) True bugs in the genus __________ transmit Chagas’ disease. (Be sure to

use capital

letters appropriately.)

Answer: Triatoma



21.4 Essay Questions

1) Explain the difference between bacteremia and septicemia, and describe

some of the factors that can lead to septicemia.

Answer: Septicemia is a microbial infection of the blood that causes disease. Although

the terms bacteremia and septicemia are sometimes used interchangeably, bacteremia

technically refers to septicemia caused by bacteria in the bloodstream.

The signs and symptoms of bacteremia and septicemia are essentially the

same, and

both can lead to adverse consequences such as toxemia, lymphangitis, or

septic shock. To be able to cause these problems, the bacteria involved in

septicemia may possess capsules, have the ability to capture iron from the

host’s tissues, and/or release a variety of endotoxins that ultimately damage

host cells and tissues. Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension


2) Compare and contrast bubonic and pneumonic plague.

Answer: Both bubonic and pneumonic plague are caused by Yersinia pestis and

are

transmitted by fleas that migrate between animal hosts and humans. However,

pneumonic plague is generally much more serious than bubonic plague, develops

more rapidly, and is more often fatal than bubonic plague. In addition, pneumonic

plague can occur when Yersinia pestis is inhaled, so it can be transmitted from

person to person. Bubonic plague is transmitted only by infected fleas. Treatment

and prevention of both diseases are similar: plague is easily treated by common

antibiotics such as tetracycline, and prevention involves rodent and flea control,

as well as good personal hygiene.

Bloom’s Rank: Analysis


3) List and describe the three stages of malaria, paying attention to the

various forms of the protozoan parasite present in each stage of the disease.

Answer: Two of the three stages of malaria occur in a human, and the third stage

occurs in mosquitoes. The human stages begin with the exoerythrocytic cycle,

when

mosquitoes inject sporozoites into the bloodstream. These sporozoites reproduce in

the liver to form merozoites, which are released into the blood. Merozoites then

penetrate red blood cells and launch the second human stage, which is the

erythrocytic cycle. The merozoites become trophozoites inside red blood cells, and

these trophozoites can, in turn, reproduce to become more merozoites, which

spontaneously lyse the erythrocytes, causing the characteristic cycles of fever and

chills associated with malaria. Other merozoites develop into gametocytes, which

can be ingested by the female Anopheles mosquito to launch the third cycle, the

sporogonic cycle. These gametocytes go through a process of sexual reproduction

inside the mosquito, eventually resulting in the formation of sporozoites once again.

These sporozoites migrate to the mosquito’s salivary glands, and the malaria cycle

begins all over again.



4) Compare and contrast dengue hemorrhagic fever and Ebola

hemorrhagic fever. Discuss both the pathogens and the pathology.

Answer: Both diseases are caused by RNA viruses. Both start with

fever, headache

and muscle pain, then a rash develops, followed by bleeding. There is no specific

treatment for either disease and no vaccines are available to prevent them.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by a member of the Flaviviridae,

a +ssRNA virus

with an icosahedral capsid. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. A first

infection with dengue virus does not lead to the hemorrhagic disease, but it is

subsequent infection that produces the hemorrhagic disease. Memory T cells

produced in response to the first infection are activated upon subsequent

infection and release inflammatory cytokines that trigger a hyperimmune

response that results in damage to blood vessels, internal bleeding, and may

progress to shock from excessive blood loss.

Ebola viruses are filamentous —ssRNA Filoviridae whose natural hosts are

thought

to be bats. Humans become infected when handling an infected animal, after

which the virus can be transmitted from person to person by unprotected contact

with blood and other bodily fluids. Ebola virus infection initially triggers excessive

clotting which results in depletion of clotting factors, which in turn leads to

extensive internal hemorrhaging. Death results from massive shock and

kidney failure.

Bloom’s Rank: Analysis


5) How does the age of the infected individual play a role in the development of

Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) infections such as infectious mononucleosis?

Answer: The symptoms of most Epstein-Barr infections result from a “war”

between the cellular and humoral divisions of the immune system. B cells are

infected by Epstein-Barr virus, and then cytotoxic T cells try to kill the infected

B cells. The younger an infected individual is, the less mature his or her cellular

immune system is, and the less effective it will be in causing symptoms during

the “war.” In fact, in young children, Epstein-Barr virus infections are usually

asymptomatic. The later in life an individual is infected with Epstein-

Barr virus, the

more vigorous the cellular immune system is, and the more problematic and

symptomatic the infection becomes. On the other hand, however, a

vigorous cellular

immune response also means that the infected B cells may be

completely eradicated

from the body, resulting in no discernible disease in

many individuals. Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension

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