Intro to SociologyTest Two study sheet

1. Material vs. Non-material culture Material culture includes things such as religious objects, buildings, clothing, shops, food, etc. Non-Material includes religion, beliefs, personal values2. Sociologists understanding of culture Expressive aspects of social life A basic element of society Symbol systems: represent & guide thinking, feeling, behaviour 3. Definition and stages of socialization4. Interactionist socialization Learning to recognize and respond socially to important people within ones life 5. Charles Cooley-looking glass self The imagination of our appearance to the other person 6. Sigmund Freud-id, superego, ego1. Id Pleasure seeking self Need for safety, food, water, sex etc.2. Superego Norms/values of society bound by the straightjacket of rules3. Ego Mediates between the id and superego An emotionally balanced persons Ego will always win7. Freud stages of developments1. Oral2. Anal3. Phallic4. Latent5. Genital8. Folkways Things passed down from family9. Subculture- Segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways & values that differs from the pattern of the larger society - ex. Teenagers, cross fitters, muslim 10. Counter culture A subculture that opposes aspects of the larger culture Ex. KKK, Hells Angels, hippies 11. Norms Established standards of behaviour maintained by society12. Values Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable & proper13. Sanctions Rewards/punishments for following the norms within society14. Mores Things everyone knows that theyre not supposed to do 15. Cultural shock Disorientation experienced when first experiencing an unfamiliar way of life16. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis Since people can conceptualize the world only through language, then language proceeds thought Ex. Inuit have over 200 words for snow. We cannot perceive snow in the same way. We base things on the definition of the words we know17. Feral children18. Rhesus monkey experiment Monkey with terry cloth mother, no food. Monkey with metal mother, with food. Terry cloth didnt leave mother until starving, metal only went to mother when hungry19. Socialization agents1. Mass Media2. Friendships3. Education System 4. Family 20. Amish socialization21. Social role22. Role strain When a person has difficulty meeting demands of one role23. Role exit Disengaging from a role that is true to ones identity and taking on a new role24. Role conflict When two roles interfere with each other 25. In-group Groups people identify as 26. Out-group Groups people dont identify as (gender)27. Social institutions28. Ethnocentrism When you put your culture above everyone elses Unable to view other cultures without your cultural lense 29. Xenocentrism When we appreciate/value another persons culture above our own30. Cultural relativism Trying to understand cultures on their own terms rather than through our own cultural lense