Test 2 Review - Ancient to Gothic
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Transcript of Test 2 Review - Ancient to Gothic
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Test 2 ReviewGreek Geometric Through Hellenistic
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Test Format Part 1: 5 Slides (Artist, Date, Culture, Significant Fact)
Part 2: 1-2 Mystery Slides
- Piece and it’s time period/culture
- Compare to another piece and give reason to why it’s similar to that
Part 3: Vocabulary - 5- 10 vocab words
- Should be about 2-3 sentences
- Going to want to connect the word with a work of art/architecture learned in that unit
Part 4: Extra Credit - questions/fill-in-the-blanks form subjects talked about in class or in the readings
Part 5: Essay- 3-5 questions- asked to answer one, recommend having an intro paragraph, 2 body paragraphs, and a conclusion. I would related at least 4 works when answering
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Vocabulary - Geometric and Archaic Periods ● Early Greek Art- Mycenaean fell, Greece entered dark ages, but around 9th c. BCE began to
start writing things down and producing art ● Geometric Period 900-700 BCE- great deal of sharp shapes (triangles, zig-zags,
rectangles), convention of small markers for gender, use of registers, fill up the space with figures and pattern
● Orientalizing Period 700-600 BCE- reestablish contact with east ● Archaic Period 600-480 BCE- conventions- archaic smile, idealizations in statues, nudity in
males● Kouros, Kouroi- statue of young man ● Kore, Korai- statue of a young girl ● Caryatid- statues of young women used as columns in the ionic order in the Archaic Period ● Entasis- cigar shape of column; don’t go straight up,they take more of a curving form to
seem more swelling in the middle ● Idealizaiton- making something looking more perfect than they really are
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Parts of a Greek Temple Pediment- triangular part
Frieze- horizontal part right under the pediment
Architrave- support blocks
Capital- top of the column
Shaft- the column
Stylobate- top step of a greek temple
Triglyph and metope friezes- only in Doric
Cella - interior room of a Greek Temple used for housing the statue of god
Peristyle- columns going all the way around a plan in Greek Architecture
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Architectural Orders
Doric - plain/round capital, sits directly on top step
Ionic- scroll capital, base at bottom of Column, continues frieze
Corinthian- variation of ionic with leaves
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Geometric Krater from Dipylon Cemetery, Athens, 8th c. BCE
Geometric
Served as a grave marker for an elite man
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Mantiklos Apollo, c. 700-680 BCE Geometric
Triangular shape body and head, greatly seen in geometric art
Dedication to god Apollo with writing stating it is a ‘gift for god’ to either thank god for doing a favor/to ask for a favor
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Lady of Auxerre, c. 650-635 BCE Orientalizing Period
Had pattern on skirt indicating where it would have been painted
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Kouros, c. 600 BCE
Archaic
Inspiration from Egyptians; position of feet, hands to side, proportions, obsession with the idealized male body
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Kroisos, c. 530 BCE
Archaic
Example as idealization in early greek art, can see traces of paint
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Peplos Kore, c. 530 BCE ● Archaic ● Thought that it may be a goddess due to her outfit● Archaic smile
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Temple of Hera I, c. 550 BCE ● Plan & View
● Archaic ● 9 columns in the front which then caused them to put central
columns in the middle, blocking views of the cella
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Temple of Artemis, Corfu, c. 600-580 BCE ● Archaic ● Doric order due to its plain capitals and triglyph and metope frieze,
depict medusa on the building in attempts to protect and guard
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Siphnian Treasury, Delphi, c. 530 BCE ● Archaic
● Used to keep precious offering left for the god’s● Uses human bodies as the columns
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Ergotimos & Kleitias, Francois Vase, ca. 570 BCE● Archaic
● Shows that the artists were literate and wanted to show who was responsible for making the vases
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Exekias, Achilles & Ajax Playing a Game, c. 540 BCE● Archaic
● Starting to understand more of the human anatomy
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Andokides Painter, Bilingual Vase, c. 525 BCE● Archaic ● Reversed the pot painting order; red figure style - paint the details
with the brush which makes lines more fluid
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Euthymides, Revelers Vase, c. 510 BCE ● Archaic ● Depicts older men drinking, painted a different perspective of
movement of the human body
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Vocabulary- Early and High Classical ● Early Classical 480-450 BCE = Transitional Period- after Persian War,
inspired the arts; showing a little bit of emotion and age, only plane view, beginnings of contrapposto
● Severe style sculpture- simplified folds, smooth faces, little bit of age and emotion, thick eyelids
● High Classical 450-400 BCE- fully developed contrapposto, bland faces/ no emotions, idealization
● Late Classical Greek Art 400-323 BCE- Peloponnesian war breaks out, Athens defeated by Sparta, see first female nude
● Persian Wars 490 and 480 BCE- Persia attacked a city in Turkey, Greeks sent troops to aid fellow Greeks, so then persians attacked Green in 490; a tiny Athenian army then beats them, but Perisa came back in 480; Greece built up mainland army and navy and still beat them
● Contrapposto- the weight shift of the human body; one leg bent and one leg flexed (weight bearing leg) that creates movement throughout the body
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Vocab. Continued ● Lost-wax bronzes- a hollow statue that is cast in different pieces and
put together, less weight and less expensive● Athens- greek city state ● Attica- region around athens ● Attic- art works from Attica/Athens ● Akropolis- “high city” in Athens that most Greek buildings are
located, ex: Propylaia, Temple of Athena Nike, Erechtheion ● Perikles- general of Athens during Golden Age ● Optical Refinements- used to make adjustments to buildings to
make them look more perfect, everything curves slightly turn inwards and/or the base is curved like a dome
● Peloponnesian War 431- 404 BCE- war between Athens and Sparta, Athens loses
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Temple of Aphaia, Aigina, C. 500-490 BCE ● Plan & View ● Early Classical ● Has standard number of columns (6 across) ● West Pediment Warrior, c. 500-490 BCE, maybe done
in Archaic Period or done by poorer artist- archaic smile, stiff
● East Pediment Warrior, c. 490-480 BCE, maybe done in early classical, or done by better artist; depicts emotion
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Temple of Zeus, Olympia, c. 470-460 BCE ● Early Classical ● Shows a standard 6 x 13 doric temple that had a giant statue of
Zeus in the Cella
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Temple of Zeus, Olympia, c. 470-460 BCE ● Early Classical ● East Pediment with Chariot Race of Pelops- most
important/formal pediment since it is on top of the doorway; usually more professional and simple
● Athena, Herakles, and Atlas Metope- Herakles is holding up heavens and Athena is helping Herakles, severe style sculpture (flat folds, smooth faces)
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Kritios Boy, c. 480 BCE●Early Classical ●Shows the beginning of contrapposto
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Charioteer of Delphi, c. 470 BCE ●Early classical ●Example of a lost wax bronze
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Zeus from Artemision, c. 460-450 BCE ● Early Classical ● Found in the sea after a shipwreck, most likely Zeus because it
looks like it’s throwing a lightning bolt OR Poseidon, maybe holding a trident
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Riace Warriors, c. 460-450 BCE ● Early Classical ● Also found in the Sea ● Use of Contrapposto
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Polykleitos, Doryphoros, c. 450-440 BCE● Early Classical ● “Spear Bearer” use to hold a spear● Fully developed contrapposto ● Came up with a system of proportions but method is lost
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Stele of Hegeso, c. 400 BCE ● Early Classical ● Starting to see the body through clothing (wet drapery look) ●Mainly for women, females shown in home
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Achilles Painter, Warrior and Wife, c. 440 BCE ● Early Classical ● Significance in the fact they finally got down the profile eye
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Niobid Painter, Artemis and Apollo Killing Children of Niobe, c. 450 BCE ● Early Classical ● Shows how painters were exploring with space and how bodies
are moving in space
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Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, c. 447-438 BCE● View and Plan ● Early Classical ● Approach from west, view from center- architect wants
you to appreciate the building as a whole ● Doric order- 8 x 17 to make room for statue of Athena ● 4 Ionic columns in the middle and continuous frieze ● Optical refinements; dome base
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Statue of Athena- building made in honor of her, not there anymore Three Goddesses, East Pediment- see the use of the wet drapery look, one could be Aphrodite Metope with Centaur- 92 sculptured metopes, centaur wedding which is a metaphor for the Persian wars- centaur triumphs humans
● Sculptures supervised by Phidias at Parthenon
● C. 447-432 BCE ● Early Classical
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Mnesikles, Propylaia, c. 437- 432 BCE ● High Classical ● Monumental gateway ● Made a double pediment so it wasn’t awkward ● No sculpture in metopes so it wouldn’t overpower the
Parthenon
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Kallikrates, Temple of Athena Nike, c. 427-424 BCE ● High Classical ● Ionic, no peristyle
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Erechtheion, c. 421-405 BCE ● High Classical ● Asymmetrical and multileveled; unlike most classical greek
buildings ● Multiple cults celebrated
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Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos, c. 350-340 BCE ●Late Classical ●First female nude
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Praxiteles, Hermes and Dionysos, c. 340 BCE ● Late Classical ● Exaggerated Contrapposto “s-curve” ● More intimacy, melting gaze (very soft face)
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Grave Stele of Hunter, c. 340-330 BCE ● Late Classical ● In the style of Skopas ● Known for showing age, emotion, and deep set eyes
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Lysippos, Apoxyomenos, c. 330 BCE● Late Classical ● ‘The Sweat Scraper’- an athlete that is scraping off the sweat
on him ● Known for making sculptures break the plane
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Gnosis, Stag Hunt, c. 300 BCE ● Late Classical ● Shows what is missing in wall paintings ● Ability of expressing anatomy and shading through pebbles
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Philoxenos of Eretria, Battle of Issus (Alexander Mosaic● Copy of painting of c. 310 BCE ● Late Classical ● Don’t see a lot of depth , more stacking ● Maybe a representation of what greek paintings may have
looked like
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Theater at Epidauros, 4th c. BCE ● Late Classical ● Not free-standing; built into the hillside and based off rank ● Closest to stage was for the wealthy
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Lysikrates Monument, c. 334 BCE ● Late Classical ● Not a temple, a monument given to a theater producer ● First building to be built in the Corinthian order that’s outside
the building
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Vocabulary - Hellenistic
● Hellenistic Greek Art, 323-31 BCE- starts with death of Alexander the Great, exaggerated emotion, dramatic architecture and sculpture, twisted poses and seen in at different angles
● Philip of Macedon- conquered Greece, father of Alexander the Great ● Alexander the Great- general and military strategist, created a huge
empire from Greece to Northern India ● Agora- the heart of any ancient greek city that holds the markets,
important temples, city councils ● Stoa- Long skinny multipurpose building, most likely shopping malls
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Paionios of Ephesos and Daphnis of Miletos, Temple of Apollo Didyma, begun c. 313 BCE● Plan and Interior view ● Hellenistic ● Dramatic architecture, have to go in side entrances to
enter
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Stoa of Attalos, Athens, c. 150 BCE ● Hellenistic ● Example of a Stoa (long skinny multipurpose building, this
one being a shopping mall) ● Bottom is Doric (sturdier), top is ionic
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Altar of Zeus, Pergamon, c. 175 BCE ● Hellenistic ● War memorial, contains sculpture pouring over the reliefs ● Athena Relief- shows the dramatic emotion and sculpture, open
mouth, deep set eyes, ridged/wrinkle foreheads, diagonal poses
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Nike of Samothrace, c. 190 BCE ● Hellenistic ● War memorial of naval battle ● Twisting dramatic pose
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Alexandros of Antioch-on-the-Meander, Aphrodite (Venus de Milo), c. 150-125 BCE ● Hellenistic ● Know its hellenistic due to her twisted pose
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Old Market Woman, c. 150-100 BCE ● Hellenistic ●Extreme realism of Hellenistic sculpture