Perspective on Perspective on the New Draft the New Draft E- E-

waste Ruleswaste Rules

TES-AMM Recyclers India Pvt. Ltd TES-AMM Recyclers India Pvt. Ltd

PerspectivePerspective Current Scenario of e-waste in IndiaCurrent Scenario of e-waste in India

Technologies used in e-waste recyclingTechnologies used in e-waste recycling

Pollution ControlPollution Control

Administrative and Statutory IssuesAdministrative and Statutory Issues

SuggestionsSuggestions

Current Scenario of E-waste Current Scenario of E-waste in Indiain India

QuantityQuantity 3.3 Lakhs Tonnes Generated3.3 Lakhs Tonnes Generated Additional 50,000 tonnes illegally importedAdditional 50,000 tonnes illegally imported 19000 tonnes Recycled, Retained, Reused 19000 tonnes Recycled, Retained, Reused There are only a handful of authorized recyclers in the There are only a handful of authorized recyclers in the

country and an astronomical amount of e-waste that needs country and an astronomical amount of e-waste that needs to be handled. Most of the Recycling is still being carried to be handled. Most of the Recycling is still being carried out by the informal Sector.out by the informal Sector.

Waste GeneratorsWaste Generators Manufacturers of electronic components and Products.Manufacturers of electronic components and Products. Large scale users of electronic products like big IT Large scale users of electronic products like big IT

companies etc.companies etc. Other small scale user industries and general publicOther small scale user industries and general public..

HOW IS E-HOW IS E-WASTE WASTE

NORMALLY NORMALLY TREATEDTREATED

GENERAL PROCESS FLOW FOR A RECYCLING GENERAL PROCESS FLOW FOR A RECYCLING OPERATIONOPERATION

Waste Electrical and Electronic Scrap – Consisting of IT Equipments like CPUs, CRT/LCD Monitors, Laptops, Telecom Equipments, Mobiles, Printed

Circuit Boards, ICs etc

Transporting, Warehousing, Segregation and Dismantling

Plastics, Fe & Non Fe Metals, Glass, Cartons,

Paper Etc

Li-Ion Batteries

Printed Circuit Boards

For Further Downstream Recycling

ICs, Electronic Components

etc

All the above items each with a different material characteristic, metal composition, different hazard characteristic needs to be

recycled.

Recycling not only involves recovering the value added materials like Base metals, Precious metals, plastics etc. It also involves disposal of hazardous and non-recyclable materials like BFR, Fiber, Thermo-set Plastic etc. The Growing amount of these materials is forcing the government o encourage more formal recyclers and also formalize the informal sector.

Objective: Recycle all the above items in a Environmentally friendly process and obtain Maximum Efficiency

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

PYROMETALLURGY PYROMETALLURGY & &

HYDROMETALLURGYHYDROMETALLURGY

PCB’s , IC’s etc Crushing SmeltingBase metal

recovery

Precious ,Rare metal Recovery &

Refining Using Hydrometallurgy

Pyrometallurgy

•This involves Smelting of the materials like PCBs, ICs, Directly after dismantling and mechanical crushing. Recovery of Base metals and Precious metals by using Hydrometallurgical Refining techniques.

•This Technology is being Used Across the world by several refineries for the efficient recovery of base metals and precious metals.

•The Processing Capacity is very Large.

Pollution and Control Pollution and Control Measures in PyrometallurgyMeasures in Pyrometallurgy

Presence of BFRs, Plastics, PVC, PCB, Polymers etc during Presence of BFRs, Plastics, PVC, PCB, Polymers etc during smelting will cause emission of Dioxins, Furans, CO, CO2, smelting will cause emission of Dioxins, Furans, CO, CO2, NOx etc. NOx etc.

Ineffective process control might cause the liberation of Ineffective process control might cause the liberation of Dioxins. These pollutants are the most harmful substances Dioxins. These pollutants are the most harmful substances which results in the Ozone Layer Depletion, Global warming which results in the Ozone Layer Depletion, Global warming and also have severe health hazards. and also have severe health hazards.

The emission control system must capable of treating the The emission control system must capable of treating the above pollutants. The Exhaust emission needs an efficient above pollutants. The Exhaust emission needs an efficient monitoring and recording system. monitoring and recording system.

Slag is Generated during the smelting Process which needs to Slag is Generated during the smelting Process which needs to be Land filled.be Land filled.

PCB’s , IC’s etc ManualDismantling

Crushing &Mechanical

Process

Smelting or directChemical process

Optimise reuse and recycling of

non metallic materials

Separate non-metallics from metallics.Non metallics can be recycled

into products

Limited amount of non metallics being

put into the process thus reducing the danger

of harmful fumes being released

to the atmosphere

Hydrometallurgy

•This involves a series of processes where there is separation of metals, non metals etc.

• Various metals will be recovered by using chemical refining techniques.

•The Processes are usually done in Batches and the processing capacity is lesser as compared to pyrometallurgy, but there is better traceability.

Pollution and Control Pollution and Control Measures in Measures in

HydrometallurgyHydrometallurgy The air pollutants generated are usually NOx, SOx, The air pollutants generated are usually NOx, SOx,

Chlorides etc. during the chemical process. The treatment of Chlorides etc. during the chemical process. The treatment of these fumes are done using Scrubbers.these fumes are done using Scrubbers.

Wastewater is generated which is spent chemical solution. Wastewater is generated which is spent chemical solution. This is treated in the wastewater treatment plant where it is This is treated in the wastewater treatment plant where it is neutralized, the Dissolved Solids are Removed and ensure neutralized, the Dissolved Solids are Removed and ensure the discharged water meets the legal requirements. The the discharged water meets the legal requirements. The sludge generated after the treatment needs to be dried and sludge generated after the treatment needs to be dried and is usually Land filled.is usually Land filled.

There is better control on handling the pollutants and the There is better control on handling the pollutants and the Environmental cost in Hydrometallurgy is lower than that of Environmental cost in Hydrometallurgy is lower than that of Pyrometallurgy.Pyrometallurgy.

Administrative IssuesAdministrative Issues▓ Permit is given after rigorous scrutiny and delays Permit is given after rigorous scrutiny and delays ▓ Governmental scrutiny whether at the state or Governmental scrutiny whether at the state or

the central level is only on the formal recyclers the central level is only on the formal recyclers who are in legal compliancewho are in legal compliance

▓ No degree of liability or compliance enforced on No degree of liability or compliance enforced on generators or users of electronic equipment to generators or users of electronic equipment to force traceability of how the e-waste is being force traceability of how the e-waste is being handled.handled.

$ The same MNC’s who pay to dispose off E-waste The same MNC’s who pay to dispose off E-waste in western countries sell the waste in Asian in western countries sell the waste in Asian countries. Logistics Costs in a country like India countries. Logistics Costs in a country like India far exceeds the recovery value. far exceeds the recovery value.

$ A number of companies irrespective of size A number of companies irrespective of size prefer to deal with the informal sector because of prefer to deal with the informal sector because of priceprice

$ The waste Generators are ready to bargain on The waste Generators are ready to bargain on the recovery charges, but at the same time do the recovery charges, but at the same time do not take responsibility for the disposal charges. not take responsibility for the disposal charges.

Suggestions for Suggestions for improvementimprovement

Authorized recyclers should be actively Authorized recyclers should be actively supported by the Governmentsupported by the Government

Speedy clearance of paperworkSpeedy clearance of paperwork Make all sectors liable for proper disposal of Make all sectors liable for proper disposal of

their waste. They should be required by law to their waste. They should be required by law to provide full traceability on their disposal provide full traceability on their disposal methodologymethodology

More stringent efforts should be taken to stop the More stringent efforts should be taken to stop the illegal import of e waste.illegal import of e waste.

All sectors should exercise judgment during All sectors should exercise judgment during disposal and not give undue importance to price. disposal and not give undue importance to price. There are other factors to consider like There are other factors to consider like Environmental friendly process, standing with Environmental friendly process, standing with the Government Agencies, Security issues, IP the Government Agencies, Security issues, IP protection, Technology etc.protection, Technology etc.

Informal RecyclingInformal Recycling