Terrorism in modern

world and its

influence on politicsRUHULLA ABDUL

1ST YEAR IFF STUDENT

Financial University under the Government of

the Russian Federation

Moscow

2014

Content

• What is terrorism?

• History

• Reasons

• International terrorism

• Terrorism in Russia

• Antiterrorist program

Definition

• More than 109 definitions which includes such words as:

• Violence, force 83.5%

• Political 65%

• Fear, terror emphasized 51%

• Threat 47%

• Effect, reactions, etc 41.5%

Terrorism – the threat or use of violence for political purposes by individuals or groups, whether acting for, or in opposition to established governmental authority, where such actions are intended to shock or intimidate a large group wider than the immediate victims.

U.S. Central intelligence Agency, 1980

History 1793: The Origins of Modern Terrorism: French revolution. From that

time, the idea of terrorism as an attack against an existing political order became more prominent

1950s: The Rise of Non-State Terrorism: ethnic nationalism, anti-colonial sentiments, Irish Republican Army, Kurdistan Worker's Party, Sri Lankan Liberation Tigers

1970s: Terrorism Turns International: The era gave us our contemporary sense of terrorism as highly theatrical, symbolic acts of violence by organized groups with specific political complaints

1990s: The Twenty First Century: Religious Terrorism and Beyond

What is terrorism?

• Terrorism is a criminal act of violence that affects many people

• Terrorism is often used against a stronger side in a conflict, governments or societies

• Terrorism is an act that’s supposed to prove a point or oppose something without the victim knowing the exact intention

• Terrorism is common in people pursuing worldwide goals (political,

religious or ideological objectives)

• Calculated

• Intended to produce fear

• Carried out by subnational groups

Reasons

• Social and political injustice: People choose terrorism when they are

trying to right what they perceive to be a social or political or

historical wrong—when they have been stripped of their land or

rights, or denied these.

• The belief that violence or its threat will be effective, and usher in change. Another way of saying this is: the belief that violent means

justify the ends. Many terrorists in history said sincerely that they

chose violence after long deliberation, because they felt they had

no choice.

What Happens During Terrorism?

Who Organizes It?

• The key elements of terrorism are violence, fear, and intimidation

• Terrorists want publicity and for the victims to symbolize their cause

• Terrorists’ violence is supposed to draw attention to their cause

• The effectiveness if terrorism depends on the public’s reaction

• The organizations that organize it are small, making it hard o target

them

Causes

• Religious

• Nationalist

• State-sponsored

• Left-wing

• Right-wing

• Anarchist

• Pathological Terrorism

• Issue Oriented Terrorism

• Separatist Terrorism

• Narco-Terrorism

• Special Interest Terrorism

• Terrorism can be either

domestic or

international

Religious Terrorism

Seek to use violence

to further what they

see as divinely

commanded

purposes, often

targeting broad

categories of foes in

an attempt to bring

about sweeping

changes

Examples: al-Queda, Palestinian Sunni Muslim organization Hamas, Lebanese Shiite group Hezbollah, some American white-supermacistmilitias, ISIS

Nationalist Terrorism

Seek to form a separate state for their own national group, often by drawing attention to a fight for “national liberation” that they think the world has ignored.

Example groups

include Irish

Republican Army,

Palestine

Liberation

Organization,

Basque Fatherland

and Liberty, and

Kurdistan Workers’

Party

State-Sponsored Terrorism

Deliberately used

by radical states

as foreign policy

tools.

State Department

says Iran is the

primary state

sponsor of

terrorism today.

Examples include

Hezbollah backed

by Iran, Abu Nibal

Organization

backed by Iraq,

Japanese Red

Army that often

work on contracts

for Libya

Left-Wing Terrorism

Out to destroy

capitalism and

replace it with a

communist or

socialist regime.

Examples include

Baader-Meinhof

Group (Germany),

Japanese Red

Army (Lebanon),

The Weathermen

(America 1970s),

and Red Brigades

(Italy)

Andreas Bernd Baader

Right-Wing Terrorism

Seek to do away

with liberal

democratic

governments and

create fascist

states in their

place.

Examples include

neo-Nazi or

Neofascist terrorist

groups.

Anarchist Terrorism

Revolutionaries seek to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombing and assassinated a series of heads of state.

Leon Czolgosz, anarchist who assassinated President William McKinley in 1901.

Domestic Terrorism

Involves groups or individuals who are based and operate entirely within the United States or its territories without foreign direction and whose acts are directed at elements of the U.S. Government or population.

Examples include

Timothy McVeigh

(right-wing), The

World Church of the

Creator (right-wing),

Aryan Nations (right-

wing), Popular Puerto

Rican Army (left-

wing), and Los

Macheteros (left-

wing).

Special Interest Terrorism

Involves extremist

special interest

groups who seek

to influence

special issues,

rather than effect

widespread

political change.

Examples include

Eric Robert

Rudolph, Army of

God, extremists of

animal rights, pro-

life, environmental,

and anti-nuclear

groups.

Russian rank: 6.8 (11 place out of 162) for 2013

Russian rank: 3.039 (152 place out of 162) for 2014

International terrorism

Terrorist organizations

Terrorism in Russia• May 9, 2002 - during the Victory Parade in Kaspiysk

militants blew up a landmine. 44 people were killed.

• October 23-26, 2002 - the seizure of the theater center in Moscow during the musical "Nord-Ost" in October 2002. 175 dead, 700 wounded

• February 6, 2004 - Karachay-Cherkessia bandits undermined Moscow metro with 42 people. After the explosion in the subway began to introduce surveillance cameras

• August 24, 2004 - explosion on the plane. 89 peopledead• 1 September 2004 - an attack on a school in Beslan.

335 victims

• August 17, 2009 year- explosion police station in Nazran. 19 dead, over 300 injured

• November 27, 2009 as a result of undermining the

fabric rail derailed. 40 dead

• March 29, 2010 was promoted to the attack on the subway stations - "Lubyanka" and "Park Kultury". 41dead, 88 injured

• January 24, 2011. The explosion at Domodedovoairport. As a result - some 40 dead and 160 injured.

• October 21, 2013. explosion on a bus in Volgograd. 7 killed

• 29-30 December 2013. explosion in the city station in Volgograd. 25 people dead

Leaders

Phone numbers:

(495) 667-62-79

(495) 667-50-85

• Riyadus-Salikhin (Gardens of the Righteous)

• Jamaat Yarmuk of Kabardino-Balkaria

• Jamaat Jennet or Shariat of Dagestan

• Kabardino-Balkarian Jamaat

• Supreme military Majlis Shura of United forces

of mujahideens of the Caucasus

• Caucausus Front of Armed Forces of Ichkeria

• Jamaat of Carachaevo-Cherkessia

• Jamaat Khalifat of Ingushetia

• Jamaat Taliban of Ingushetia

• Jamaat Kataib al Houl of North-Ossetia

• Islamic Jamaat of Tatarstan

Antiterrorist program

Thank You

References

http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/istoriya/TERRORIZM.html?page=0,1#part-2

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC

http://warontherocks.com/2014/07/what-does-four-decades-of-terrorism-in-the-u-s-look-like/#_

http://terrorism.about.com/od/whatisterroris1/tp/DefiningTerrorism.htm

http://www.crimemuseum.org/crime-library/types-of-terrorism

http://handofreason.com/2011/featured/types-of-terrorism

http://blogs.swa-jkt.com/swa/10358/2011/09/13/concept-link-global-awareness-terrorism/

https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/the-threats/terrorism/international-terrorism.html

http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/

http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/terrorism.pdf

http://economicsandpeace.org/research/iep-indices-data/global-terrorism-index

http://www.agentura.ru/english/terrorism/organizations/