.AnalyticTactics

Destabilizingstablemeanings

  Intheshadowsofpowerfulexplanations

  Whenterritoryexitsconventionalframings:itbecomesinstitutionallymobile,nomadicandcanalterthemeaningofnation‐statemembership.

Multipleimmigrationspaces  Thespaces(institutional,ideational,tactical)for

producingthemigrantsubjectcanbeverydiverse

  ‐thenewtransnationalclassofprofessionals  ‐thecontract‐laborworkerenteringforseasonal

workunderspecificshort‐termconditions  ‐thebusiness‐visaimmigrant  ‐thefamily‐dependentimmigrant  ‐thegreencardimmigrant  ‐thehigh‐techvisaworker

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

1. India 21.7 11. Serbia 4.1 2. China 21.3 12. Pakistan 3.9 3. Mexico 18.1 13. Brazil 3.6 4. France 12.7 14. Bangladesh 3.4 5. Philippines 11.6 15. Egypt, Arab Rep. 3.3 6. Spain 6.9 16. Portugal 3.2 7. Belgium 6.8 17. Vietnam 3.2 8. Germany 6.5 18. Colombia 3.2 9. United Kingdom 6.4 19. United States 3 10. Morocco 4.2 20. Nigeria 2.8 Source:Author’sCalculationsBasedonIMFBoPYearbook,2004,andWorldBankStaffestimates.

Top20remittance‐recipientcountries,2006(US$billions)

Surveillanceregimes

  1,271governmentorganizationsand1,931privatecompaniesworkonprogramsrelatedtocounterterrorism,homelandsecurityandintelligenceinabout10,000locationsacrosstheUS

    Anestimated854,000people–nearly1.5times

asmanypeopleasliveinWashington,D.C.–holdtop‐secretsecurityclearances

 

.

  Oftheestimated265,000privatecompaniesdoingintelligencework,1,931doworkatthetop‐secretlevel.

  Outof854,000peoplewithtop‐secretclearance,thePostestimatesthat265,000areprivatecontractors

Source:WashingtonPost.2010.“TopSecretAmerica,”InteractiveMaps.WashingtonPost,July2010.http://projects.washingtonpost.com/top‐secret‐america/map/

INEQUALITYISMADE

  Theaimsofeconomicsystemscanvarygreatly

  Themodesinwhichgovernmentsregulateeconomies

Income%oftop10%earners1917‐2005

*Income is defined as market income but excludes capital gainsSource: Mishel, L. 2004. “Unfettered Markets, Income Inequality, and Religious Values.” Viewpoints. May 19, 2004. Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved July 26, 2008 [ www.epi.org/content.cfm/webfeatures_viewpoints_moral_markets_presentation.]

%GrowthinAfter‐TaxIncome,USA1979‐2007

Expulsions:Foreclosures

  2006:1.2millionforeclosures,up42%from2005.Thisis:Oneinevery92U.S.households

  2007:2.2millionforecls,up75%from06  2008:3.1million,up81%from07  2009:3.9million(or1in45UShholds)  (From2007to2009:120%increaseinforecls)  2010:2.9millforecls.(2006‐2010:total14.2mil)

  Source:RealtyTrac2007,2008,2009,2010;Blomquist2011

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21

Source:h*p://www.germany‐re.com/files/00034800/MS%20Housing%20Report%202007.pdf

Table1:RaIoResidenIalMortgageDebttoGDP(Selectcountries/end2006)

Source:Warnock,VeronicaCacdacandWarnock,FrancisE.,MarketsandHousingFinance(February2008).

AvailableatSSRN:h*p://ssrn.com/abstract=981641,retrieved24August2008.

Table2:RaIoResidenIalMortgageDebttoGDP:EmergingAsia

Table8:Ra*oofHouseholdCredittoPersonalDisposableIncome(2000‐05)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Emerging Markets

Czech Republic 8.5 10.1 12.9 16.4 21.3 27.1

Hungary 11.2 14.4 20.9 29.5 33.9 39.3

Poland 10.1 10.3 10.9 12.6 14.5 18.2

India 4.7 5.4 6.4 7.4 9.7 …

Korea 33.0 43.9 57.3 62.6 64.5 68.9

Philippines 1.7 4.6 5.5 5.5 5.6 …

Taiwan 75.1 72.7 76.0 83.0 95.5 …

Thailand 26.0 25.6 28.6 34.3 36.4 …

Mature Markets

Australia 83.3 86.7 95.6 109.0 119.0 124.5

France 57.8 57.5 58.2 59.8 64.2 69.2

Germany 70.4 70.1 69.1 70.3 70.5 70.0

Italy 25.0 25.8 27.0 28.7 31.8 34.8

Japan 73.6 75.7 77.6 77.3 77.9 77.8

Spain 65.2 70.4 76.9 86.4 98.8 112.7

United States 104.0 105.1 110.8 118.2 126.0 132.7

Source:IMFStaffesImatesbasedondatafromcountryauthoriies,CEIC,OECD,andBloomberg

Table11:ShareofForeign‐Currency‐DenominatedHouseholdCredit,End‐2005(Inpercentoftotalhouseholdcredit)

Source: IMF 2006. “Global Financial Stability Report: Market Developments and Issues.” IMF: World Economic and Financial Surveys. September, 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2008. [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/GFSR/2006/02/pdf/chap2.pdf] p. 54

Intheshadowsof“urbanization”  Inallthetalkaboutthegrowthofurbanpopulationsthereisnevermentionofwhatprocessesarefeedingthisgrowth.

  Onesetofprocessesconsistsofexpulsions–ofpeoplefromtheirlanddueto“landgrabs”ormining.

  Wheredotheygo?Tocities,wheretheywilladdtothehomelessandtotheslums.

Oneinstance

From2006to2010:70millionhectaresoflandinAfri,LatAm,Cambodia,Ukrainebought/leasedbyrichgovts,firms,finfirms

  Thelandisnowmorevaluedthanthepeopleoractivitiesonit

  Theactivemakingofsurpluspopulations  NovelassemblageofTerritory/Authority/Rights

Africa:maintargetforlandacquisitions.  Sudan:SouthKoreahassigneddealsfor690,000hectaresandtheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)for400,000hectares.

  Ethiopia:Saudiinvestorsarespending$100mtoraisewheat,barleyandriceonlandleasedtothembyEthiopia’sgovernment;theyreceivedtaxexemptionsandexportthecropbacktoSaudiArabia.

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.

 Congo:Chinasecuredtherighttogrowpalmoilforbio‐fuelson2.8mhectares–thiswouldmakeittheworld'slargestpalm‐oilplantation.

 Zambia:Chinaisnegotiatingtogrowpalmoilforbio‐fuelson2mhectares.

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RussiaandUkraine

  MuchbuyingofprivatizedlandintheformerSovietUnion,especiallyinRussiaandUkraine:somecasesin2008:

  ASwedishcompany(AlpcotAgro),bought128,000hectaresinRussia.

  SouthKorea'sHyundaiHeavyIndustriespaid$6.5mforamajoritystakeinKhorolZerno,acompanythatowns10,000hectaresineasternSiberia.

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MoreRussiaandUkraine

  MorganStanleybought40,000hectaresofagriculturallandinUkraine.

  GulfinvestorsareplanningtoacquirePava,thefirstRussiangrainprocessortobefloatedonthefinancialmarketstosell40%ofitslandowningdivision,givingthemaccessto500,000hectares.

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Landplusmilitaryprotection  PakistanisofferinghalfamillionhectaresoflandtoGulfinvestorswiththepromiseofasecurityforceof100,000toprotecttheland.

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Colombia:AngloGoldAshanti

  ..versusthepeopleofTolima  Openmining–whichwilltake250,000litersofwaterforonehourofwork.

  Wantstominetherefor15years  Thearea(Potosi)isanaturalforestreserve,thatincludesawatershedecosystemprotectedbylaw

  Areahas161watersprings(sources)

Consequences

  Thelandisnowmorevaluedthanthepeopleoractivitiesonit

  Theactivemakingofsurpluspopulations

  NovelassemblageofTARs

ShiftfromNationalTerritorytoGlobalCommodity/Jurisdiction  TheRepositioningofTerritoryintheGlobalDivisionofFunctions.

  Makingalternativejurisdictions:goingbeyondolderformsofextraterritoriality.

  Makingparallelgeopoliticalcircuits.

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Adisassembling

  Regardlessoftheirdifferencesalltheseinstancescanbeconceivedofasstructuralholes,orblankspaces,intheoldersocialandjurisdictionalfabricofthenation‐stateandtheinterstatesystem.

  Thisentailsadisassemblingofnation‐stateterritory,

.

  Thesetypesoftrendsarecomponentsofouremergentglobalmodernity.

  Theyarenotanomalous.  Theyarepartoftheshiftinggroundbubblingintheasyetillegibleworldbeneaththetipoftheiceberg.