Territories Web Quest 2010

SLAVERY in the SLAVERY in the TERRITORIESTERRITORIES

Expansion leads to conflictExpansion leads to conflict

A Clash of A Clash of InterestsInterests

Anti-Anti-SlaverySlavery

MovementMovementTerritorial Expansion

Note sheet Slide #1Note sheet Slide #1

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISETHE MISSOURI COMPROMISE

As of 1818, there were eleven free states and eleven slave states. Since each state had two senators in the Senate representing their cause, this balance of free and slave maintained peace and harmony among the states. That balance was in jeopardy when Missouri applied for statehood in 1819 as a slave state. Senator Henry Clay, known as The Great Compromiser, proposed a plan that both the North and South accepted

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND


KEY POINTS of the PLANKEY POINTS of the PLAN

1. admitted Missouri as a slave state 1. admitted Missouri as a slave state 2. admitted Maine as a free state 2. admitted Maine as a free state 3. line was drawn at the 36 degree 30 3. line was drawn at the 36 degree 30 minutes latitude; slavery was prohibited minutes latitude; slavery was prohibited north of this landnorth of this land

Notesheet Slide #2Notesheet Slide #2

THE COMPROMISE of 1850THE COMPROMISE of 1850

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDAfter the Missouri Compromise, six more states joined After the Missouri Compromise, six more states joined the Union--three as free states and three as slave the Union--three as free states and three as slave states. However, the peace was disrupted when states. However, the peace was disrupted when California applied for statehood as a free state. Again a California applied for statehood as a free state. Again a compromise was needed. This time, Senator John C. compromise was needed. This time, Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina loudly addressed the Senate Calhoun of South Carolina loudly addressed the Senate that the slave system could not be changed. Slavery that the slave system could not be changed. Slavery must be allowed in the western territories and must be allowed in the western territories and Northerners must admit that Southerners had a right Northerners must admit that Southerners had a right to get their "property" back, in reference to runaway to get their "property" back, in reference to runaway slaves. If the North could not agree to southern slaves. If the North could not agree to southern demands, Calhoun told the Senate, "let the demands, Calhoun told the Senate, "let the states...agree to separate and part in peace. If you are states...agree to separate and part in peace. If you are unwilling that we should part in peace, tell us so, and unwilling that we should part in peace, tell us so, and we shall know what to do." He meant that the South we shall know what to do." He meant that the South would secede from the Union.would secede from the Union.


BACKGROUND con’tBACKGROUND con’t

In 1850, as the debate raged on, Calhoun In 1850, as the debate raged on, Calhoun died. Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, died. Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, along with Senator Clay guided through a along with Senator Clay guided through a piece of legislation that became known as piece of legislation that became known as the the Compromise of 1850.Compromise of 1850.

GET THE GET THE DETAILS…..DETAILS…..

THE COMPROMISE of 1850THE COMPROMISE of 1850

KEY POINTS of the PLANKEY POINTS of the PLAN

1. Admission of California as a free state 1. Admission of California as a free state 2. Remaining western territories 2. Remaining western territories organized with no restriction on slavery organized with no restriction on slavery 3. End of all slave trade in the nation's 3. End of all slave trade in the nation's capitol capitol 4. Strict federal fugitive slave law 4. Strict federal fugitive slave law 5. Assumption of Texas' debt by the 5. Assumption of Texas' debt by the national government national government

Slide Slide #3#3

THE KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT (1854)THE KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT (1854)

THE KANSAS NEBRASKA ACTTHE KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT

THE STORYTHE STORY New territories in the West made renewed expansion New territories in the West made renewed expansion of slavery a real likelihood. Many Northerners wanted of slavery a real likelihood. Many Northerners wanted slavery prohibited in the western lands. One group of slavery prohibited in the western lands. One group of moderates suggested that the Missouri Compromise moderates suggested that the Missouri Compromise line be extended to the Pacific with free states north line be extended to the Pacific with free states north of it and slave states to the south. Another group of it and slave states to the south. Another group proposed that the question be left to proposed that the question be left to popular popular sovereigntysovereignty. The government would allow settlers to . The government would allow settlers to flock into the new territory with or without slaves as flock into the new territory with or without slaves as they pleased and, when the time came to organize they pleased and, when the time came to organize the region into states, the people themselves should the region into states, the people themselves should determine the question. Senator Stephen Douglas of determine the question. Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois pushed through a piece of legislation to do Illinois pushed through a piece of legislation to do just that; it was the Kansas-Nebraska Act.just that; it was the Kansas-Nebraska Act.


THE STORYTHE STORY

This act nullified, or did away with, the Missouri This act nullified, or did away with, the Missouri Compromise of 1820. People from both the North and the Compromise of 1820. People from both the North and the South wanted control of Kansas. Abolitionists helped more South wanted control of Kansas. Abolitionists helped more than 1000 people move there from the East. Among these than 1000 people move there from the East. Among these was the brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe. He supplied was the brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe. He supplied guns to the abolitionists in Kansas by hiding the weapons guns to the abolitionists in Kansas by hiding the weapons inside inside Bibles.Bibles. These were referred to as Beecher's These were referred to as Beecher's Bibles.Bibles. Proslavery settlers moved into Kansas, too. They wanted Proslavery settlers moved into Kansas, too. They wanted to make sure that the anti-slavery group did not take over to make sure that the anti-slavery group did not take over the territory. the territory.


THE RESULTSTHE RESULTS

. . In 1855, Kansas held elections to choose a legislature--In 1855, Kansas held elections to choose a legislature--either pro or anti-slave. Hundreds of either pro or anti-slave. Hundreds of border ruffians border ruffians from from Missouri rode into Kansas and voted illegally. Kansas was Missouri rode into Kansas and voted illegally. Kansas was in chaos; newspapers called the territory in chaos; newspapers called the territory Bleeding Bleeding Kansas.Kansas. Brutal murders, masterminded by John Brown Brutal murders, masterminded by John Brown occurred at Pottawatomie Creek. By late 1856, over 200 occurred at Pottawatomie Creek. By late 1856, over 200 people had been killed. To many people, this brutal act people had been killed. To many people, this brutal act was just more proof that slavery led to violence.was just more proof that slavery led to violence.

THE DRED SCOTT CASE (1857)THE DRED SCOTT CASE (1857)

SLIDE #4SLIDE #4


BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

•Dred Scott was the name of Dred Scott was the name of an African-American slave. an African-American slave. He was taken by his master, He was taken by his master, an officer in the U.S. Army, an officer in the U.S. Army, from the slave state of from the slave state of Missouri to the free state of Missouri to the free state of Illinois and then to the free Illinois and then to the free territory of Wisconsin. He territory of Wisconsin. He lived on free soil for a long lived on free soil for a long period of timeperiod of time.


BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND When the Army ordered his When the Army ordered his master to go back to Missouri, master to go back to Missouri, he took Scott with him back to he took Scott with him back to that slave state, where his master that slave state, where his master died. In 1846, Scott was helped died. In 1846, Scott was helped by Abolitionist (anti-slavery) by Abolitionist (anti-slavery) lawyers to sue for his freedom in lawyers to sue for his freedom in court, claiming he should be free court, claiming he should be free since he had lived on free soil for since he had lived on free soil for a long time. The case went all the a long time. The case went all the way to the United States way to the United States Supreme Court. The Chief Supreme Court. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger B. Taney, was a former Roger B. Taney, was a former slave owner from Marylandslave owner from Maryland

Chief Justice TaneyChief Justice Taney



In March of 1857, Scott lost the decision as seven out of In March of 1857, Scott lost the decision as seven out of nine Justices on the Supreme Court declared no slave or nine Justices on the Supreme Court declared no slave or descendant of a slave could be a U.S. citizen, or ever had descendant of a slave could be a U.S. citizen, or ever had been a U.S. citizen. As a non-citizen, the court stated, been a U.S. citizen. As a non-citizen, the court stated, Scott had no rights and could not sue in a Federal Court Scott had no rights and could not sue in a Federal Court and must remain a slave.and must remain a slave.


The Supreme Court also ruled that Congress could not stop The Supreme Court also ruled that Congress could not stop slavery in the newly emerging territories and declared the Missouri slavery in the newly emerging territories and declared the Missouri Compromise of 1820 to be unconstitutional. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 to be unconstitutional. The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery north of the parallel 36°30´ in the Compromise prohibited slavery north of the parallel 36°30´ in the Louisiana Purchase. The Court declared it violated the Louisiana Purchase. The Court declared it violated the Fifth Fifth AmendmentAmendment of the Constitution which prohibits Congress from of the Constitution which prohibits Congress from depriving persons of their property without due process of law.depriving persons of their property without due process of law.



THE RESULTSTHE RESULTS•Anti-slavery leaders in the North cited the controversial Supreme Court decision as evidence that Southerners wanted to extend slavery throughout the nation and ultimately rule the nation itself. Southerners approved the Dred Scott decision believing Congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories. Abraham Lincoln reacted with disgust to the ruling and was spurred into political action, publicly speaking out against it. •Overall, the Dred Scott decision had the effect of widening the political and social gap between North and South and took the nation closer to the brink of Civil War.

Unit IV

1820

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18541854

18571857

Overall, the Dred Scott Overall, the Dred Scott decision had the effect of decision had the effect of widening the political and widening the political and social gap between North social gap between North and South and took the and South and took the nation closer to the brink of nation closer to the brink of Civil WarCivil War.

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Territories Web Quest 2010

Education

Transcript of Territories Web Quest 2010