Territorial Disputes Over the South China Sea

7/30/2019 Territorial Disputes Over the South China Sea

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TERRITORIAL DISPUTES OVER THE SOUTH CHSEA,

A HISTORICAL AND ANALYTIC APPROAC

Submitted by:

Joshua Erdy A. Tan

IIIA BSITE


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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

I. Abstract

A. Statement of the ProblemB. Goals and Objectives

C. Scope and Limitation

D. Theoretical Framework

E. Methodology

II. IntroductionIII. Related Studies

IV. Analysis of Data

V. Conclusion

VI. References


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I. ABSTRACT

In this study, we will analyse the territories and

being disputed over the South China Sea. The specific disputed islands are the basis for this conc

1. Islands in the southern reaches of the South Chincluding the Spratly Islands by Philippines, Taiw

China2. Maritime boundary off the coast of central P

and Luzon between the Philippines, China, and T

3. The nine-dash area claimed by China which covof the South China sea and overlaps EEZ of the

of the Philippines


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A. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The territorial disputes between three coun(Philippines, China, and Taiwan) surrounthe South China Sea creates tensions conflicts that affects their political, econo

and diplomatic relations.


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B. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The goals and objectives of this study are:

1. To know and elaborate the basis and claidifferent territories by countries in the As(Philippines, Taiwan, and China)

2. To analyze the historical data and inform

different claimants of the unclaimed territoSouth China Sea

3. To distinguish the diplomatic and foreignbetween the claimants (Philippines, TaiwChina)

4. To determine the legality of such territorial dis


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C. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study only applies within tcountries in the Asia-Pacific Re(China, Taiwan, and the Philippines).


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D. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The theories that are supported in thiincludes both the Conflict theoryInternational Relations theory. Conflict defines as inequality exists because th

control of a disproportionate shasocietys resources actively defendadvantages.


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E. METHODOLOGY

The methods that are used involvcombination of both comparativehistorical research to prove the claimbasis for the disputed territories in the

China Sea (also known as West PhiSea).


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II. INTRODUCTION

The South China Sea

Spratly Islands

Scarborough Shoal


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SOUTH CHINA SEA

One of the Asias body owater that has a lot o

resources (oil and gareserves, fishes, and othesea resources).

Measures around 3 millionsquare kilometres.

Composed of over 250 smaislands, shoals, reefs, andsandbars, in which countriecompete over claims withinthe sea boundaries.


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SPRATLY ISLANDS

An archipelago

400 rocks, reefislands located

southern part

South China comprising 36 isla

rocks) that are water at high tide


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SCARBOROUGH SHOAL


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SCARBOROUGH SHOAL

Forms a triangle-shaped chain of reefs and rocksmall islands 55 kilometres (34 mi) in circumferenctotal area including shallow water areas of 15kilometers.

Was named after the East India Company tea-trScarborough, which was wrecked on one of its ro

September 1784 with all lives lost. Because of its rich fishing grounds, the sovereign

shoal is disputed and claimed by three countries, wthe Peoples Republic of China, Republic of Chinaand the Republic of the Philippines.


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III. RELATED STUDIES Maritime Boundary Disputes in the South China Sea (Sydney

School) The South China Sea dispute: Evolution, Conflict Manageme

Resolution

The Management of the Spratly Islands Conflict: Success or

Philippine Territorial Boundaries: Internal Tensions, Colonial

Ambivalent Conformity Emerging maritime rivalry in The South China Sea: Territorial

sea-lane security, and the pursuit of power

Who owns the Spratly Islands?

Santiago: Scare China with power politics


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MARITIME BOUNDARY DISPUTES ITHE SOUTH CHINA SEA

According to Triggs (2009), energy security has be

one of the world's foremost concerns and a poten

source of international conflict.

The Philippines occupy nine rocks or islets and bas

claims on discovery, proximity, and occupation. Itoccupies Kalayaan Island (Freedomland) discove

by Tomas Cloma in 1956.


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MARITIME BOUNDARY DISPUTES ITHE SOUTH CHINA SEA

China occupies eight islets or rocks and, in 1993, p

a map of its historic claims to the islands, ro

perhaps reefs of the South China Sea. A map 1947 by the Republic of China with nine undefine

lines provides further evidence of Chinas claim. Taiwan has occupied the largest island in th

group, Itu Aba (Taiping Dao) for about 20 year

rests its claim on substantially the same historica

as China.


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THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE:EVOLUTION, CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AN

RESOLUTION

The main idea of the South China Sea dispute

series of complex, legal, technical

geographic components critical to understan

the dispute. Its small features and indeterminate mar

regime are the subject of conflicting c

among China and Taiwan and four mem

countries of the ASEAN.


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THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SPRATLYISLANDS CONFLICT: SUCCESS OR FAILUR

The Spratly Islands conflict in the South China

originally started in the 1930s, but was

manifestly erupted in 1969. They are entirety

partially claimed by China, Taiwan and Vietn

and Malaysia, the Philippines and Brespectively.

Spratly Islands is the source of conflict becaus

its oil abundance and other natural resources,

strategic location.


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PHILIPPINE TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES:INTERNAL TENSIONS, COLONIAL BAGGAG

AMBIVALENT CONFORMITY

According to Bautista (2011), the extent and defin

the Philippine national territory is disputed in intern

law.


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PHILIPPINE TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES:INTERNAL TENSIONS, COLONIAL BAGGAG

AMBIVALENT CONFORMITY

The boundaries of the Philippines are not recog

the international community for two principal rea

because of the fundamental position of the P

that the limits of its national territory are the bounddown in the 1898 Treaty of Paris which ce

Philippines from Spain to the United States; and s

its claim that all the waters embraced with

imaginary lines are its territorial waters.


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EMERGING MARITIME RIVALRY IN THESOUTH CHINA SEA: TERRITORIAL DISPUTESEA-LANE SECURITY, AND THE PURSUIT O

POWER

Disputes over the South China Sea, principally th

and the Paracel Islands, began to emerge in

1970s when it was discovered that this ocean a

contain significant oil and natural gas depscramble for islets in the South China Sea further

with the signing (1982) and entry into force (199

United Nations Convention on the Law of

(UNCLOS).


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WHO OWNS THE SPRATLYISLANDS?

The History and the UNCLOS are the bases of the ceach country

The Sultanate State of Sulu is the legal owner of thArchipelago, but since the Sultan Kiram turnterritorial and proprietary rights of the State to the

of the Philippines including the Palawan and the S1960's, then legally it belongs to the Philippines.


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SANTIAGO: SCARE CHINA WITHPOWER POLITICS

Santiago explained that since China has corefused to raise the issue on territorial disputScarborough Shoal (Panatag Shoal), which is in Philippine Sea (South China Sea), to international cthe International Court of Justice and the Unite

Convention on the Law of the Sea, the only alternfor the Philippines is powerpolitics.


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IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA

Using maps and timeline of the, we would bto classify the different bases and claims territorial disputes and conflicts on the SoutSea.


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MAPS

Maps of various countries occupying the Spratly Isla

Chinas Nine-Dotted Line Map

Carta Hydrografica y Chorographica de las Islas Fil(1734)


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MAPS OF VARIOUS COUNTR

OCCUPYING THE SPRATLY ISLA


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COUNTRIES AND THEIR CLAIMEDTERRITORIES/ISLANDS

Philippines

Patag

Panata

Kota

Lawak

Parola

Pag-asa

Likas

Rizal

Balagtas

Ayungin

China

Cuarteron Reef

Fiery Cross Reef

Gaven Reefs

Hughes Reef

Johnson South Reef Mischief Reef

Subi Reef

First Thomas Reef

Whitson Reef

Taiw

Taiping Is

Ban Than


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CHINAS NINE-DOTTED LIMAP


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According to both Nguyen Dang ThanNguyen Hong Thao (2011), Chinas nine-do

claim has elicited responses from claimant anon-claimant states in the Spratly Islands disp

China claims sovereignty over islands in twhich include, inter alia, the Spratly Islandsbasis of discovery by Chinese fishermen and

usage. According to Chinese literature, Chinsome efforts to define the geographical scthe islands in the SCS, including the Spratly Isthe 1930s by ascertaining their coordinattoponyms.


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It was not until the late 1940s that the nine-dlines appeared for the first time on a map of in the SCS published by China (then the Reof China). Lying to the North of the SCS, cannot, in accordance with the LOS Conveproject a maritime claim from its mainland

centre of the SCS, where the Spratly Islalocated.


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CARTA HYDROGRAFICA YCHOROGRAPHICA DE LAS

ISLAS FILIPINAS (1734)


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The oldest Philippine political map found by cartographer, Pedro Murillo Velarde.

Currently, this map can be found oMetropolitan Museum of Manila. This nachart, along with another by Murillo Velarde1734 and two later maps, one of them British

the Scarborough shoal 124 nautical miles fLuzon coastline.


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TIMELINE

200-300 BC: China first discovers the Nanshaand other islands in the South China Sea, anto occupy and govern them.

1885: China officially claims all the Nansha Is

1939: The Nansha Islands are invaded and oby Japan during the Second World War.

1946: China declares the Nansha Islands asGuangdong province.


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TIMELINE

1947: The Philippines claims some of the Nansha Islands and the Scarborough Reef.

1951: Japan renounces all rights to the Islands. No resolution is made on who owns t

1978: Philippine President Ferdinand Marcothe entire territory as part of the Phredrawing the country's map.

1991: China passes the Law on Territorial WaTheir Contiguous Areas.


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TIMELINE

1994: China distributes a map claiming the entChina Sea, including all the Nansha Islands.

1995: China and the Philippines have a cMischief Reef.

2000: In May, Chinese and Philippine foreign

agree to "contribute positively toward the forand adoption of the regional Code of ConduSouth China Sea." In December, Vietnam ansign two agreements to resolve long-standing disputes over the Gulf of Tonkin.


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TIMELINE

Nov. 2002: China and ASEAN adopt the Decon the Conduct of Parties on the South Chsetting the stage for possible comcooperation and long-term stability.

June 28, 2011: The US and the Philippine

routine naval drills near the South China Sea. July 6, 2011: The Philippines' Foreign Se

Alberto Del Rosario visits China to seek a dipsolution.


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TIMELINE

July 19, 2011: The South China Sea dispute topic of discussion at the ASEAN Regional Bali.

July 25, 2011: Progress is deemed to havmade during the ASEAN Regional Forum. Ch

ASEAN established a deal to create aguidelines for future negotiations to esta"code of conduct" as a "first step" towardssweeping, binding code of conduct.


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TIMELINE

Oct. 18, 2011: Japanese Foreign Minister Gemba proposed a multilateral framework maritime disputes in the South China Sea dtour of Indonesia and other Southeascountries, with China reiterating that it wresolve territorial disputes in the South Chthrough talks between nations that are involved, rather than involving other countrie


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TIMELINE

Oct. 20, 2011: Annual joint US-Philippines mabegin, which include a hostile beach assaultnear the Nansha Islands. At the same time, a Pwarship struck a Chinese fishing boat in the SouSea, leading to an apology by the Philippine Na

Oct. 25, 2011: Global Times commentary w"sounds of cannons" if nations involved in disputes in the South China Sea "don't want totheir ways with China."


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TIMELINE

Nov. 21, 2011: During the East Asia confereUS and ASEAN countries aligned to efpressure China on their claims to hold "indissovereignty" over the South China Seas.


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V. CONCLUSION

The territorial disputes surrounding the South C

could only cause tensions and war rhetoriccountries in Asia-Pacific region.

Because of the abundance of natural resources s

and gas deposits, and also sea resources, PChina, and Taiwan would be harsh enemie

geopolitical perspectives.


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EFFECT ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

Foreign relations between the three countries ha

soured. Agreements such as the UN's 1982 coappeared to lay the framework for a solution.

Under the agreement, the countries agreed to

their territorial and jurisdictional disputes by means, without resorting to the threat or use

through friendly consultations and negotiations".


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THANK YOU!

Territorial Disputes Over the South China Sea

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