Terrestrial AdaptationsApical meristems enable
primary (vertical) growth
Terrestrial Adaptations
Vascular Tissue
Terrestrial Adaptations
Roots• Absorption• Anchorage/Support• Storage
StemsElevation
VegetativeReproductive
Plant Tissues
•Dermal•Vascular•Ground
Alternation of Generations
Both are multicellular
Both are multicellular
Review• Put the following structures/stages in the order that
they follow a zygote in a generic plant life cycle: –Spore–Fertilization–Gamete–Meiosis–Sporophyte–Gametophyte
Mosses
No cuticle No vascular system No seeds
Ferns
Cuticle Vascular system No seeds
Gymnosperms
Cuticle Vascular system Seeds (from cones)
Angiosperms
Cuticle Vascular system Seeds (from flowers)
MEIOSIS
MEIOSIS
MITOSIS
MITOSIS
POLLINATION
FERTILIZATION
GERMINATION
AngiospermReproduction
Secondary Growth
Vascular cambium produces new xylem and phloem
Xylem
PhloemVascularCambium
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
OLDEST PHLOEM
NEWEST PHLOEM
OLDEST XYLEM
NEWEST XYLEMXYLEM PHLOEM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
Transport
Transpiration
Capillary action
Osmotic pressure
Translocation of phloem sap
Transport Routes
Apoplastic
Symplastic
EndodermisCasparianStrip
TransportPhloem
Source SinkSpring
Roots Meristems
Summer Leaves Flowers, fruits,
roots
Gibberellins• Stem elongation• Fruit development
Abscisic Acid• Inhibits
germination–May be broken
down by water, heat, or cold
EthyleneTriple response to stress
1.Slower elongation2.Thickening3.Horizontal curvature
Ethylene• Apoptosis–Programmed cell death– Leaf abscission
• Fruit ripening–Cellulose/starch hydrolysis
Rapid Leaf Movements• Active transport of ions• Water follows by osmosis