TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the...
-
Upload
ferdinand-merritt -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
3
Transcript of TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the...
![Page 1: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING
![Page 2: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts of terrain flight mission planning
Condition: As a UH-60 student pilot.
Standard: In accordance with TC 1-237, Fort Rucker Terrain Flight Mission Planning Guide
Safety Requirements: None
Environmental Considerations: None
![Page 3: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• TC 1-237 Aircrew Training Manual
• Ft. Rucker Terrain Flight Mission Planning Guide
• TC 1-201 Tactical Flight Procedures
• TC 1-204 Night Flight
• FM 90-4 Air Assault Operations
REFERENCES
![Page 4: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Aviation Support Request • Warning Order• Operations Order (OPORD)• Fragmentary Order (FRAGO)
HOW THE UNIT RECEIVES THE MISSION
![Page 5: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Correctly analyze the mission• Perform a map or photo reconnaissance, and
ensure hazards to flight are plotted• Select the appropriate terrain flight modes• Select appropriate primary and alternate routes• Determine the distance, groundspeed and ETE of
each leg of the flight• Determine fuel required • Obtain and evaluate the weather briefing• Perform mission risk assessment per unit SOP• Conduct a thorough crew mission briefing.
TACTICAL FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING –
TASK 2012
![Page 6: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
MISSION - The Air Mission Commander analyzes the mission and determines the:
oWhatoWhyoWhen oWhereoHow of the Operation
ANALYZE THE MISSION METT-T
![Page 7: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ENEMY-o Identificationo Locationo Dispositiono Strengtho Moraleo Capabilitieso Compositiono Probable courses of action
ANALYZE THE MISSION METT-T
![Page 8: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TERRAIN -The AMC must consider the following factors:
o Dominant Terraino Natural Features o Possible enemy attack points.o Built up areaso Hazards to flighto Friendly / Enemy Units. o Weather and Visibility.
ANALYZE THE MISSION METT-T
![Page 9: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TERRAIN - OCOKAo Observation and Fields of Fireo Cover and Concealmento Obstacles and Movemento Key Terraino Avenues of Approach
ANALYZE THE MISSION METT-T
![Page 10: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TROOPS - the missions of the supported units and other units that may have an impact on the mission.
ANALYZE THE MISSION METT-T
![Page 11: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TIME - develop a time table for the flight. To do this, back plan from the mission time (H Hour) back through pre-mission planning to the present time.
ANALYZE THE MISSION METT-T
![Page 12: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
•PHOTOGRAPHY•TACTICAL 1:50,000 •JOG 1:250,000
BEST WHEN CHUMMED AND HAZARDS UPDATED
•VFR SECTIONAL 1:500,000•FLIPS
USE CAUTION WHEN CHANGING FROM ONE MAP TO ANOTHER
PERFORM MAP OR PHOTO
RECONNAISSANCE
![Page 13: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
MAPS AND PHOTO RECON TARGET IMAGERY
![Page 14: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MAP AND PHOTO RECON 1:250,000
![Page 16: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
MAP AND PHOTO RECON 1:50,000
![Page 17: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
THESE FACTORS MUST BE CONSIDERED DURING A MAP RECONNAISSANCE
• Dominant Terrain• Natural Features• Possible Enemy Attack Points• Built-Up Areas• Crossroads• MSR’s• Hazards to Flight• Friendly and Enemy Units
PERFORM MAP RECONNAISSANCE
![Page 18: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Low Level
Contour
Nap of the Earth
SELECT MODES OF FLIGHT
![Page 19: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Generally carried out above obstacles, but at an altitude where detection by a threat force is avoided or minimized. It usually is performed at a constant indicated altitude and A/S.
• 80-200’ AHO
LOW LEVEL FLIGHT
![Page 20: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Low altitude conforming generally to, and in proximity to, the contours of the earth. It is characterized by varying airspeeds and altitude as dictated by vegetation, obstacles, and ambient light.
• 25-80’ AHO
CONTOUR FLIGHT
![Page 21: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Varying A/S as close to the earth’s surface as vegetation, obstacles, and ambient light will permit, while generally following the contours of the earth.
• 0-25’ AHO • Not to exceed 40 KIAS (IAW the 1/212TH
SOP, this pertains to both day and night operations)
NAP OF THE EARTH
![Page 22: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Start Point/ Release Points• Air Control Points• Communication Points• Check Points• Rally Points• Downed Aviator Pick-up Points• Preplanned Artillery and Tac Air
SELECT PRIMARY AND ALTERNATE ROUTES
![Page 23: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Critical for mission success• Highlight hazards to flight with suitable
pen• Enter route and ACPs on the map first• Mark lit towers, beacons, etc, out 10-15 k• Avoid over preparing the map• Transfer other map’s key features to JOG• Avoid exaggerating map features• Orient all notes in direction of flight
MISSION MAP PREP
![Page 24: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
MAKE YOUR MAP LOOK LIKE THIS EXAMPLE
![Page 25: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Course Line – A solid line placed on the map to mark routes flown at low level and contour. A dashed line is used to mark route segments flown at NOE
Heading to next ACP/waypoint
Time to next ACP/waypoint in minutes + seconds
Distance to next ACP/waypoint in KM
048
3+45
14.5
SYMBOLOGY
LZ/PZ/OBJ
START POINT AND RELEASE POINT
AIR CONTROL POINT
![Page 26: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Route Planning - Tactically sound & ease of Navigationo Avoid brightly lit areas, roads, populated areaso Avoid open areas or large bodies of water where
terrain permitso Avoid navigational aides and airportso Plan the route to take advantage of cover and
concealmento Plan to negotiate large valleys on lit or shadowed
side depending on threato Avoid flying into rising or setting sun or moono Do not follow man-made linear features
GENERAL ROUTE AND ACP PLANNING
![Page 27: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Route Planning - Continuedo During multi-aircraft operations, avoid turns
greater than 5 degrees once past the RP for landing
o Avoid turns greater than 60 degreeso Select intermediate reference points with ETAso Cross roads close to 90 degrees o Do not fly near populations or major roadso Compute time, distance, & headings for route, and
use barriers & prominent map featureso Plot time for prominent intersecting features
GENERAL ROUTE AND ACP PLANNING
![Page 28: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Route Planning - Continuedo Anticipate wires on roads, towers, &
buildings in open fieldso Plan alternate routes. At a minimum for any
leg flown at contour or NOEo Minimize turns, ascents and descents, and
airspeed changes during multi-helicopter operations
o Conduct map reconnaissance to determine safe altitude
GENERAL ROUTE AND ACP PLANNING
![Page 29: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Select unique features easily detectable at a distance
• Checkpoints with high contrast• Select points away from towns• Select points away from bright lights• Select points easily confirmed with
other features– Terrain association
• Select points 5-20 kilometers apart
ACP AND CHECKPOINT PLANNING
![Page 30: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Select points with good barriers• Ensure first and last points are easily
identified and 3-5 kilometers from Start/End• Note MSL of each point• Select point for final approach leg offering
alignment with landing direction• Choose prominent features in low visibility• Ensure points don’t fall in shadows• Should start time at initial takeoff and
count cumulatively throughout the route
ACP AND CHECKPOINT PLANNING
![Page 31: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Navigation Cardo Contains essential navigation info (TDH)o Use suitable ink compatible with NVDso Make all letter/number at least 1/4 inch
higho Use common abbreviations and symbols
(e.g., Heading (hdg), Kilometers (km), Degrees (°), Feet (‘), and Knots (kt)
o Use remarks to describe pertinent information
ROUTE PLANNING CARDS
![Page 32: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Landing Zone or Objective Cardo May use to reinforce a map
reconnaissanceo An illustrated LZ or objective card provides
a graphic picture of the landing areao Should depict size of LZ or objective area,
landing & takeoff headings and hazardso Accurate as possibleo Use standard symbols (TC 1-204, Fig 6-2)
ROUTE PLANNING CARDS
![Page 33: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Mission. Determine if the mission can be accomplished from the selected LZ.
• Location. Consider the distance of PZ/LZ from the supported unit or the objective.
• Security. Consider size and proximity of threat elements.
LZ/PZ SELECTION
TACTICAL
![Page 34: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• Size. Determine if the size will support number of aircraft for the mission. Minimum recommended size 50 meters for a UH-60.
• Landing Formation. Plan landing formation for size and shape of LZ.
• Barriers. For mission requiring sling loads near maximum gross weight of aircraft, select LZ which have barriers of minimum vertical development.
• Surface Conditions. Consider slopes; blowing sand or snow; concealed hazards; sources of rotor wash signature.
• Obstacles. Plan approach and departure over lowest obstacles.
LZ/PZ SELECTION
TECHNICAL
![Page 35: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• Ceiling and Visibility• Winds. Consider the effects of winds
when selecting approach and departure paths.
• Pressure Altitude and Temperature. May limit loads and require more sorties.
• Sun and Moon. Avoid planning approach or departure routes into a rising or setting sun or moon.
LZ/PZ SELECTION
METEOROLOGICAL
![Page 36: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Sunset and Sunrise • Density Altitudes• Temperatures• Winds• Visibility Restrictions• Moonset and Moonrise• Ambient Light Levels
OBTAIN AND EVALUATE WEATHER BRIEFING
![Page 37: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
• Apply the five steps of the risk management process
• Hazards to terrain flighto Physical Hazardso Natural Hazardso Weather Hazardso Human Hazardso Other Factors
PERFORM MISSION RISK ASSESSMENT
![Page 38: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• The ability of individual crewmembers to work as a team is crucial to the success of the mission
• The ability of the crew to interact collectively with other aircraft is crucial to the success of the mission
• Inflight cockpit communicationso Descriptiono Directiono Distanceo Speed
CREW BRIEFING
![Page 39: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
• Planning considerationso Training missions should be as realistic as
possible & all crew members should be involved with mission planning
o Navigator should make final route selection
o Charts & diagrams should be to scale & TDH should be double & triple checked
o Remember to consider worst case situations
MISSION PLANNING AND BRIEFINGS
![Page 40: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
• Briefing Considerationso Formal brief should allow time to adjust for
problems raised during the briefo Final brief should be just before departure to
update WX, confirm times, discuss changeso Brief entire mission in detail & hold individual
flight briefings after formal brief. Each crew member should be able to discuss mission
o Conduct final check on equipment & fix
MISSION PLANNING AND BRIEFINGS
![Page 41: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• Preparation and planning• Briefings• Rehearsals• Execution
REVIEW OF THE MISSION PROCCESS
![Page 42: TERRAIN FLIGHT MISSION PLANNING. Terminal Learning Objective: At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to discuss and apply the concepts.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d9c5503460f94a845cb/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
QUESTIONS?