Terms and Orientations of the Body

7/29/2019 Terms and Orientations of the Body

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Terms & Orientations

of the Body

Human Biology/Forensics

B.M.C. Durfee High School

Adapted from The Human Body: An Orientationwww.d.umn.edu


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Objectives

Standard (anatomical) position

Describe directional terms used in

human anatomy

Describe the different body planes

used in human anatomy


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Anatomical Position

Standard erect (anatomical)

position

Body erect with feet together

Arms at side with palms

forward

The anatomical position is

the common visual

reference point


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Anatomical Position

Directional terms used in

anatomy reference deviationsfrom the anatomical position(e.g. abduction of arm)

Additionally, the terms rightand left always refer to theperson, cadaver, or skeletonbeing viewed and are not the

viewers right and left


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Directional and Regional Terms

Regional terms are the names of specific bodyareas. The areas labeled here pertain to thefundamental divisions of the body.


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Directional Terms Superior- Towards the head end or upper part of a

structure or the body

Inferior- Away from the head end or toward the

lower parts of a structure of the body


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Directional Terms

Ventral or Anterior- Toward or at the front of thebody

Dorsal or Posterior- Toward the back of the body;

behind


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Directional Terms

Medial- Toward or at the midline of the body

Lateral- Away from the midline of the body

Intermediate- Between a more medial and a more

lateral structure


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Directional Terms

Proximal- Closer to the origin of the body part, or thepoint of attachment of a limb to the body truck

Distal- Farther from the origin of a body part or the

point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk


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Directional Terms

Superficial- Toward or at the body surface

Deep- Away from the body surface; more internal

Anatomical Directions
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/Anatomical%20Directions.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/Anatomical%20Directions.mp4


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Body Planes of Section

In the study of anatomy, the

body is often sectioned (cut)

along a flat surface called a

plane

Planes section the bodythrough portions of the

anatomical position


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Body Planes of Section

The most frequently used

body planes are:

Sagittal

Frontal

Transverse which are at rightangles to each other

A section bears the name of

the plane along which it is

cut


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Sagittal Body Planes

The Sagittal plane liesvertically and divides the

body into right and left

parts

The Sagittal plane liesexactly at midline and is

also referred to as the

median or midsagittal

plane


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Frontal Body Planes

The frontal plane divides thebody into anterior and

posterior sections

Also called a coronal when

referencing the head


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Traverse Body Planes

A transverse plane runshorizontally and divides the

body into superior and

inferior sections

Transverse sections are alsocalled cross sections


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Review

Standard (anatomical) position

Describe directional terms used in

human anatomy

Describe the different body planes

used in human anatomy


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Learn LongLive Long

Terms and Orientations of the Body

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