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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 1
Terminology Science
Principles and MethodsPart I
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmittwww.paschmitt.eu
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 8-11, 2012
UNIVERSITT LEIPZIG
IALT Universitt Leipzig
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
2
science studying the structure,
formation, development, usage and
management of terminologies in
various subject fields
terminology science
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 2
terminology science
Eugen Wster(* 10. October 1898 in Wieselburg, Austria;
29. Mrz 1977 in Vienna)
Austrian engineer and
interlinguist,
founder of terminology scienceQuelle:
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_W%C3%BCster
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
3
terminology science
Prof. Dr. Klaus-Dirk Schmitz
FH Kln
Institut fr Translation and
Mehrsprachige Kommunikation;Ph.D. in informatics
expert on terminology
management methods, tools,
terminology data formats,
database exchange formats
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
4
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 3
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
5
terminology
basis of all technical (LSP) intralingualand interlingual communication
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
6
special languagelanguage for special purposes, LSP
language used in a subject field and
characterized by the use of specificlinguistic means of expression.The specific linguistic means of expression always include
subject-specific terminology and phraseology and also may
cover stylistic or syntactic features.
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 4
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
7
Communication problemscaused by neglected terminology
in meetings, conferences
in user instructions, service manuals
in training
in production, industry and commerce
in contracts, legal documents
in politics, law, industry and trade in translation, interpretation
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
8
Relevance of terminology
Professional translators translate:
Manuals, system descriptions, specifications, sci/tech reports,conference papers, presentations, standards, patents, contracts,annual reports, certificates, diplomas, legal documents
meeting minutes, PR and marketing material, commercial /business correspondence,
practically never novels, poetry or general texts
depending on the country, most translation projects are related tosci/tech, engineering (in Germany: 76%)
texts are characterized by technical terms!
But: term density depends on text type; typ. 20 %
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 5
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
9
relevance of terminology:real-world ST example
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
10
relevance of terminology:real-world ST example with terms
ACME Pumpengruppe 7 UK (ungemischter Kreis)
Komplett mit Umwlzpumpe (EL 180 mm)
mit Anschlusskabel, zwei 3-Wegekugelhhne
(einer mit handaufstellbarer Schwerkraftbremse),
zwei Kontaktthermometer, Pumpen-Kugelhahn, Stabilisator
zwischen Vor- and Rcklaufstrang, Wandhalterung,
Rcklaufrohr, EPP-Isolierung, alles komplett montiert.
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 6
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
11
relevance of terminology:real-world ST example w/o terms
ACME Pumpengruppe 7 (ungemischter Kreis)
Komplett mit Umwlzpumpe (EL 180 mm)
mit Anschlusskabel, zwei 3-Wegekugelhhne
(einer mit handaufstellbarer Schwerkraftbremse),
zwei Kontaktthermometer, Pumpen-Kugelhahn, Stabilisator
zwischen Vor- undRcklaufstrang, Wandhalterung,
Rcklaufrohr, EPP-Isolierung, alles komplett montiert.
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
12
relevance of terminology:another real-world ST example
"Hierzu gehren neben der Behandlung von Kranken mit bsartigen
Geschwlsten der Atmungsorgane und intrathorakalen Metastasen
extrapulmonaler Primrtumoren Patienten mit verschiedenen Formen
von pulmonalen und extrapulmonalen Tuberkulosen, Patienten mit
chronisch-respiratorischer Insuffizienz auf dem Boden vonobstruktiven Atemwegs- und Lungenkrankheiten oder von
fibrosierenden Lungenkrankheiten, aber auch Patienten mit akuten
Krankheitsbildern wie respiratorischer Insuffizienz bei Asthma
bronchiale und chronisch-obstruktiver Bronchitis sowie um
Pneumonien, Pleuraergsse, Zwerchfellerkrankungen, Sarkoidosen,
exogen-allergische Alveolitiden und andere Formen fibrosierender
Lungenkrankheiten einschlielich Autoimmunkrankheiten."
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 7
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
13
relevance of terminology:another real-world ST example w/o terms
"Hierzu gehren neben der Behandlung von Kranken mitbsartigen
Geschwlsten derAtmungsorgane undintrathorakalen Metastasen
extrapulmonaler Primrtumoren Patienten mit verschiedenen Formen
vonpulmonalen undextrapulmonalen Tuberkulosen, Patienten mit
chronisch-respiratorischer Insuffizienz auf dem Boden von
obstruktiven Atemwegs- undLungenkrankheiten oder von
fibrosierenden Lungenkrankheiten, aber auch Patienten mit akuten
Krankheitsbildern wie respiratorischer Insuffizienzbei Asthma
bronchiale undchronisch-obstruktiver Bronchitis sowie umPneumonien, Pleuraergsse, Zwerchfellerkrankungen, Sarkoidosen,
exogen-allergische Alveolitiden andandere Formen fibrosierender
Lungenkrankheiten einschlielich Autoimmunkrankheiten."
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
14
terminology and translation quality
The translation quality of real-life texts dependson
semantic correctness of terms
pragmatic adequacy of terms
consistent use of the clients terminology
It is impossibleto produce high-quality technical translationswithout high-quality terminology
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 8
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
15
terminological competence
Translators and interpreters are
expected to have at least a basic
competence in terminology
theory and practice.
See the EMT catalog of
competencies expected from
translators with a Masters degreehttp://ec.europa.eu/dgs/translation/programme
s/emt/key_documents/emt_competences_trans
lators_en.pdf
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
16
terminology quality
practical experience plus scienticanalysis and methodology showthat:
in the long run, only aconcept-based approachwill ensure an efficient,high-quality, reliableterminology resource
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 9
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
17
basis of terminology work
The difference betweenconcept andterm is the foundationof all serious terminology work
To work successfully with any serious terminologydata base or term bank, it is indispensable to fullyunderstand the meaning of the wordconcept and of
the difference between the words word, term andconcept
typographical convention
when using language to describe usage of
language (i.e. in a metalanguage situation) it
is useful to show clearly whether one refersto signifieds (=concepts)
or signifiers (=designations, words, terms)
signifieds (concepts) are set in
signifiers (terms) are set in italics
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 10
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
19
semiotic triangle
signifiere.g. word,
term
signified
(=concept)
object
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
20
semiotic triangle
Signifikat
Begriff
Konzept
SinnMentales Bild
Inhalt
Intension
Referenz
Designatum
Signifikatum
semainomenon
Referent
Gegenstand
Objekt
Referenzobjekt
Signifikat
Denotation
Extension
pragma
Signifikant
Wort
Ausdruck
BezeichnungBenennung
Terminus
Term
Begriffszeichen
Symbol
Representamen
Zeichen
semainon
CAUTION:
Risk of confusion!
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 11
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
21
semiotic triangle
term
concept
object
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
22
object
anything perceivable or conceivableObjects may be
material (e.g. a tree, a truck) immaterial
(e.g. a process, such as moon rise, oil change) or
imagined (e.g. a unicorn)
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 12
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
23
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
24
a material object
object
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 13
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
25
Excursion:what is this?
Magritte
objects
do not confuse objects with
representations of objects
representations of objects may themselvesbe objects
e.g. an image (a drawing, painting, photograph
etc.) is also an object:
1. material (e.g. a framed picture oil on canvas)
2. process (e.g the act of painting)
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 14
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
27
semiotic triangle
object
concept
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
28
concept
unit of knowledge created by a unique
combination of characteristicsConcepts are not necessarily bound to particular languages.
They are, however, influenced by the social or cultural
background often leading to different categorizations.
concepts correspond to an object or a set of
objects, they are represented or expressed in
language by words or terms
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 15
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
29
semiotic triangle
objectterm
concept
camin
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
30
designation vs. term
designation signifier in verbal form (e.g. a single word or a word
string) or
in non-verbal non-volatile form (e.g. an icon, pictogram
term signifier of a technical (LSP) concept in verbal form
verbal designation of a concept in a special subjectfield
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 16
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
31
sign
relation between a signifier(= sign vehicle,
physical form of a sign) and the signified
(its meaning) Signs can work through any of the senses, visual,
auditory, tactile, olfactory or taste
Anything can be a sign (if by convention a meaning is
associated with it)
signs are always intentional (as opposed to symptoms)
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
32
semiotic triangle
signifier,
sign vehicle
signified,
concept,
meaning
object
sign
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 17
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
33
terms
terms are like compressed technical texts
Example:
impuesto indirecto sobre el consumo, es decir financiado por el consumidor final. Un impuesto indirecto es el
impuesto que no es percibido por el fisco directamente del tributario. El IVA es percibido por el vendedor en el
momento de toda transaccin comercial (transferencia de bienes o prestacin de servicios). Los vendedoresintermediarios tienen el derecho a reembolsarse el IVA que han pagado a otros vendedores que los preceden en
la cadena de comercializacin (crdito fiscal), deducindolo del monto de IVA cobrado a sus clientes (dbito
fiscal), debiendo abonar el saldo al fisco. Los consumidores finales tienen la obligacin de pagar el IVA sin
derecho a reembolso, lo que es controlado por el fisco obligando a la empresa a entregar justificantes de venta
al consumidor final e integrar copias de stas a la contabilidad de la empresa.
IVA
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
34
semiotic triangle
truck
term object
concept
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 18
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
35
interlingual / interculturalsemiotic triangle
LkwLastkraftwagen
truck
Lkw truck
commercial road vehicle for the transport of goods
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
36
semiotic triangle
term
concept
object
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 19
intension
the set ofcharacteristics which makes up a
concept a smaller intension means fewer characteristics which
means a less specific (more general, broader) concept
a wider intension means more characteristics which means
a more specific (narrower) concept
the concept of truck has all the characteristics of theconcept vehicle plus certain characteristics which apply
specifically to trucks
the more specific a concept is, the wider is its intension
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
37
extension
the scope ofobjects covered by a given
concept
the extension of vehicle (the number ofobjects calledvehicle) is largerthan the
extension of truck there are more
vehicles than trucks
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
38
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 20
intension vs. extension
general concepts (such as fruit or
vehicle) have a narrow intension (i.e. few
characteristics), but a wide extension (i.e.
they encompass many objects)
specific concepts (such as apple or
truck) habe a wider intension (i.e. manycharacteristics), but a narrower extension
(i.e. they encompass fewer objects)
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
39
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
40
unstructured set of thematically
related concepts
Concept fields may be used as a
starting point for establishing concept
systems.
concept fieldsemantic field
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 21
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
41
concept fieldsemantic field
vehicle, space vehicle, locomotive,truck, car, motor bike, bicycle
wheel, brake, engine, gearbox
clutch, engine, transmission, handle bar,frame, windshield, tire, spokes, headlamplight, fender, disk brake, parking brake, choke, carburetor, fuel injection system,fuel tank, oil filler cap, brake master cylinder, in-line fuel pump, speedometer, tachometer,fuel gage, center armrest, power window, rear window defogger, sun roof, massage function, iDrive,navigation system, roadster, trailer, flat-bed trailer, mobile home, scooter, quad, MTB, 4WD, ABS, DSC
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
42
word fieldlexical field
oil, to oil, oiler, oiling, oily, oiled
oil-lubed, oil-glistening, oil-contaminated
engine oil, transmission oil, lubricatingoil, salad oil, olive oil, suntan oil, massageoil, coconut oil, oil ring, oil dipstick, oil
change, engine oil change, oil filler cap
but not: soil, spoil, coil, turmoil, etc.
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 22
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
43
www.visualthesaurus.com
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
44
concept system
set of concepts structured according to
the relations among them
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 23
hierarchical relation
relation between two concepts which may
be either a generic or apartitive relation
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
45
generic relation
relation between two concepts where the
intension of one of the concepts includes
that of the other concept and at least oneadditional delimiting characteristic
fruit > apple
motor vehicle > truck
bicycle > mountain bike
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
46
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 24
generic relation
In a generic relation, the superordinate
concept is also called the generic conceptand
the subordinate concept is called the specific
concept
fruit = generic concept = superordinate concept
apple = specific concept = subordinate concept
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
47
partitive relation
relation between two concepts where the
intension of one of the concepts includes
that of the other concept and at least oneadditional delimiting characteristic
motor vehicle > motor
molecule > atom
bicycle > wheel
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 25
associative relation
relation between two concepts having a
non-hierarchical thematic connection by
virtue of experience
spring summer fall - winter
mobile phone text message
mobile phone flat rate
translation (process) translation (result)
left-hand steering right-hand steering
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistik and
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
49
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, InstitutfrAngewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
50
concept relations
hierarchicalc.r.
generic
c.r.
partitive
c.r.
associativec.r.
sequential
c.r.
temporal c.r.
causalc.r.
oppositional
c.r.
pragmatic
c.r.
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 26
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
51
concept diagram of hierarchical relations
tree diagram
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
52
concept diagram of hierarchical relations
1. vehicle
1.1. space vehicle
1.2. land vehicle
1.2.1 rail vehicle
1.2.2 road vehicle 1.2.2.1 motor vehicle
1.2.2.1.1 motor bike
1.2.2.1.2 truck
1.2.2.1.3. car
1.2.2.1.3.1 full-size
1.2.2.1.3.2 compact
1.2.2.1.3.3 subcompact
1.2.2.1.3.4 convertible
1.2.2.1.3.5 SUV
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 27
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
53
definition
representation of a conceptby a descriptivestatement which serves to differentiate it fromrelatedconcepts
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
54
intensional definition
definition which describes the intension of a
conceptby stating the superordinate concept and
the delimiting characteristics (definitio fit pergenus proximum et differentiam specificam)
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Prof. Dr. Peter A. Schmitt: Terminology
Science Principles and Methods, Part I
Universidad de Concepcin, Oct. 2012 28
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
55
intensional definition example 1
long-nose pliers(definiendum)
pliers (= superordinate concept)
with long, half-rounded and tapered jaws(= delimiting characteristics)
(definiens)
intensional definition example 1
long-nose pliers
(= definiendum)
pliers with long,half-rounded andtapered jaws
(=definiens)
Oct 2012 Concepcin (c) P. A. Schmitt, Institut fr Angewandte Linguistikand
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intensional definition example 1
the definiens must be worded sothat it can replace thedefiniendum in any sentence
give me the long-nose pliers
give me the pliers with long, half-rounded and tapered jaws
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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intensional definition example 1
Therefore, the definiens must not berepeated in the definiendum, it has noverb, and there is no point at the end:
long-nose plierslong-nose pliers arepliers withlong, half-rounded and tapered
jaws
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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intensional definition example 1
Therefore, the typical, classicaldefinition is brief and looks like this:
long-nose pliers
pliers with long, half-roundedand tapered jaws
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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extensional definition
description of a conceptby enumerating all
of its subordinate concepts under one
criterion of subdivison example:
noble gas
helium, neon, argon, crypton, xenon, or radon
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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semiotic triangle
term
concept
object
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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synonymy
relation between designations in a given
language representing the same concept
Example:
abaca fiber
manila fibre
Manila hemp
abac
musa textilis
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terms
single-stem terms
gear, box, housing, engine, cylinder, head
compounds terms
gearbox
multi-word terms (word strings)
gearbox housing, cylinder head,
six-cylinder inline engine
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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synonyms
terms in a given language representing the
same concept
abaca fiber
manila fibre
Manila hemp
abac
musa textilis
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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polysemy
relation between terms andconceptsin a given language in which one termrepresents two or more conceptssharing certain characteristics
example
crane
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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homonymy
relation between designations and concepts in
a given language in which identical
designations represent different and unrelated
concepts Example:
bark sound made by a dog
bark outside covering of the stem of wooden plants
bark sailing vessel
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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homonymy
bark bark bark
synonymy vs. polysemy vs. homonymy
synonymy:
many (different terms) one (concept)
polysemy: one (term) many (concepts)
homonymy:
many (identical terms) many (concepts)
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminology work
work concerned with the systematic
collection, description, processing and
presentation of concepts and their
associated terms
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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computer-based terminology work
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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single-user terminology work
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminology work in networkssmall local-area network (LAN), typ. CAT5 cables
Peer-to-peer network (e.g. Microsoft network)
hub or
switch
Internet
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i-net
small local-area network (LAN), typ. CAT5 cables
Peer-to-peer network (e.g. Microsoft network)
terminology work in networks
hub or
switch
printer
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminology work in networks
i-net
hub or
switch
small local-area network (LAN), typ. CAT5 cables
Peer-to-peer network (e.g. Microsoft network)
printer
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminology work in networks
i-net
hub or
switch
small local-area network (LAN), typ. CAT5 cables
Peer-to-peer network (e.g. Microsoft network)
printer
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminology work in networks
WLAN
router
i-net
printer
wireless local area network (WLAN, WiFi)
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminology work in networks
wireless local area network (WLAN, WiFi)
WLAN
Router
i-net Pro:easy installation
no cables
Con:
slower than cable LAN
(factor 10)
limited reach(problem: walls, ceilings)
less secure
(WEP, WEP+, WPA)
printer
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminology work in networks
client-server LAN
clients
hub
server
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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term bankterminology management system
consists of two components:
terminology data base (= term base)
terminology management program
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminological record
basic unit of a term base
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terminological record
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terminological record
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terminological record
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminological record
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terminological entry
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Translatologie, Universitt Leipzig
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terminological entry
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terminological entry
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data categories
Die richtige Auswahl der fr Fachgebiet, Kunde, Produkt,
Textsorte, etc. geeigneten Termini ist nur mglich, wenn in
im terminology management systementsprechende data
categories hierfr vorhanden sind; z.B.: Fachgebietklassifikation
Projekt-/Produkt-Code
Sprach-/Stilebene
Soziolekt
Regiolekt, Dialekt
Normative Verwendung
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data category
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typical data categories
concept-related: preferred term
synonyms
short forms subject field
semantic info /disambiguator
definition
nonverbal representations
entry number
term-related: grammar
word class
gender number
pragmatic info regiolect
sociolect
register
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data field
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data field name
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data field name
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data element
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