IndexIndex

Fat soluble vitamins

VITAMIN-A

VITAMIN-D

VITAMIN-K

VITAMIN-E

Water soluble vitamins

VITAMIN -C

VITAMIN B1

VITAMIN B2

VITAMIN B4

VITAMIN B12

VitaminsVitamins

These are organic compounds which can These are organic compounds which can not be produced by the body and must be not be produced by the body and must be supplied in small amounts in diet for the supplied in small amounts in diet for the normal health, growth and maintenance normal health, growth and maintenance of body NI of body NI

LUNIN discovered vitamins in 1881 LUNIN discovered vitamins in 1881 hopkins & funk in 1912 profounded hopkins & funk in 1912 profounded

‘vitamin theory’ . ‘vitamin theory’ .

General informationGeneral information

They do not provide energy. They are not used as They do not provide energy. They are not used as structural units. Vitamins differ from harmones in not structural units. Vitamins differ from harmones in not being produced within the organism. They are usually being produced within the organism. They are usually

required as precursors of co-enzymes. Hence it is required as precursors of co-enzymes. Hence it is better to call them the accesory food substances. These better to call them the accesory food substances. These

are essential to us for the proper functioning of the are essential to us for the proper functioning of the different organisms. They are chemically different different organisms. They are chemically different

from the main nutrients, fat, carbohydrate & proteinsfrom the main nutrients, fat, carbohydrate & proteins

Classification of vitaminsClassification of vitaminsWater soluble vitaminsWater soluble vitamins:-:-The vitamins which are The vitamins which are

soluble in water are soluble in water are called water soluble .called water soluble .

for ex:- vitamin b-for ex:- vitamin b-complex ,vitamin –ccomplex ,vitamin –c

These vitamins are These vitamins are stored in much lesser stored in much lesser amounts in the cellsamounts in the cells

Fat soluble vitaminsFat soluble vitamins :- :-

These vitamins are These vitamins are soluble in fat . soluble in fat .

For ex:-vit-A,D,E,K .For ex:-vit-A,D,E,K .

Liver cells are rich in fat Liver cells are rich in fat soluble vitamins . these soluble vitamins . these are not soluble in body are not soluble in body unless fat digestion & unless fat digestion & absoption proceed absoption proceed normallynormally . .

Sources of vitaminsSources of vitamins Plants can synthesize almost all vitamins Plants can synthesize almost all vitamins

whereas only a few vitamins are synthesized in whereas only a few vitamins are synthesized in animals . Human body can synthesize vitamin-animals . Human body can synthesize vitamin-A from carotene and some members of A from carotene and some members of vitamin-B complex &vitamin-k are vitamin-B complex &vitamin-k are synthesized by micro-organism present in synthesized by micro-organism present in intestinal tract . All cells in the body can store intestinal tract . All cells in the body can store vitamin to some extent . Most of vitamins have vitamin to some extent . Most of vitamins have been synthesized &are available been synthesized &are available commercially . These are taken orally .commercially . These are taken orally .

Vitamin –AVitamin –AChemical nameChemical name – – RetinolRetinol

FunctionsFunctions – 1. It helps in proper growth and – 1. It helps in proper growth and normal skeletal development of body . normal skeletal development of body .

2. Maintains proper vision &healthy teeth .2. Maintains proper vision &healthy teeth .3. It helps in maintenance of healthy , glowing 3. It helps in maintenance of healthy , glowing

soft skin .soft skin .

SourcesSources – – butter ,liver ,carrots ,spinach ,ghee ,kidney ,ybutter ,liver ,carrots ,spinach ,ghee ,kidney ,yellow pumpkin ,curd ,fish oil ,cheese ,whole ellow pumpkin ,curd ,fish oil ,cheese ,whole milk ,tomatoes .milk ,tomatoes .

Deficiency disordersDeficiency disorders – night – night blindness ,xerophthalmia ,dermatosis .blindness ,xerophthalmia ,dermatosis .

Vitamin –DVitamin –D

Chemical nameChemical name- Calciferol - Calciferol

Functions –Functions –

1. It keeps bones & teeth healthy .1. It keeps bones & teeth healthy .

2. It helps in the utilization of calcium and 2. It helps in the utilization of calcium and phosphorous .phosphorous .

Sources Sources – cod liver oil ,butter, milk, egg yolk , – cod liver oil ,butter, milk, egg yolk , ghee ,cheese ,exposure to sunlight also ghee ,cheese ,exposure to sunlight also provides vitamin -Dprovides vitamin -D

Deficiency diseaseDeficiency disease – Deficiency of vitamin –D – Deficiency of vitamin –D causes rickets .causes rickets .

Vitamin –EVitamin –E

Chemical name – Chemical name – TocopherolTocopherol

Functions-Functions- 1. It plays an important role in the 1. It plays an important role in the protection of vitamin-A ,carotene and ascorbic protection of vitamin-A ,carotene and ascorbic acid .acid .

2. It is necessary for the normal reproduction 2. It is necessary for the normal reproduction and protection of the liver .and protection of the liver .

Sources –Sources – Vegetable oils ,milk ,tomatoes ,dark Vegetable oils ,milk ,tomatoes ,dark green vegetables ,eggs ,kidney, whole green vegetables ,eggs ,kidney, whole grain ,cereals ,nuts .grain ,cereals ,nuts .

Deficiency diseases – Deficiency diseases – It causes loss of sexual It causes loss of sexual power of reproduction .power of reproduction .

Vitamin –KVitamin –KChemical nameChemical name – phylloquinone – phylloquinone

FunctionsFunctions – It helps in clotting of blood and – It helps in clotting of blood and prevents haemorrhage .prevents haemorrhage .

Sources Sources – Green leafy vegetables , soyabean , – Green leafy vegetables , soyabean , cabbage , vegetable oils , spinach ,tomatoes. cabbage , vegetable oils , spinach ,tomatoes.

Deficiency diseasesDeficiency diseases – deficiency causes – deficiency causes haemorrhage ,lengthens the time of blood clotting haemorrhage ,lengthens the time of blood clotting ..

vitamin –Cvitamin –CChemical nameChemical name – ascorbic acid – ascorbic acid

FunctionsFunctions – 1. it is necessary for keeping teeth , – 1. it is necessary for keeping teeth , gums and joints healthy .gums and joints healthy .

2.Helps in normal metabolism of amino acids.2.Helps in normal metabolism of amino acids.

3. It helps in healing of cuts and wounds .3. It helps in healing of cuts and wounds .

4. It gives resistance to our body against diseases 4. It gives resistance to our body against diseases and infections .and infections .

SourcesSources – amla ,tomatoes , orange ,lemon , – amla ,tomatoes , orange ,lemon , cabbage ,apples ,lime ,green chillies .cabbage ,apples ,lime ,green chillies .

Deficiency diseaseDeficiency disease –Scurvey . –Scurvey .

Vitamin B-1Vitamin B-1

Chemical name – ThiamineChemical name – Thiamine

Functions – 1.it helps in carbohydrate metabolismFunctions – 1.it helps in carbohydrate metabolism

2.it helps in functioning of heart ,nerves and 2.it helps in functioning of heart ,nerves and muscles .muscles .

3.It sharpens our appetite &also called “appetite 3.It sharpens our appetite &also called “appetite vitamin “ .vitamin “ .

Sources- milk ,pulses ,wheat bran , sea food, Sources- milk ,pulses ,wheat bran , sea food, yeast ,whole grain cereals , green yeast ,whole grain cereals , green vegetables ,soyabean ,dairy products . vegetables ,soyabean ,dairy products .

Deficiency disease – Beri-BeriDeficiency disease – Beri-Beri

Vitamin –B-2Vitamin –B-2

Chemical nameChemical name – Riboflavin – Riboflavin

FunctionsFunctions- 1.It helps in oxidation & utilization of O- 1.It helps in oxidation & utilization of O2. 2.

2. It helps in carbohydrate & protein metabolism .2. It helps in carbohydrate & protein metabolism .

3. It is necessary to keep the skin healthy .3. It is necessary to keep the skin healthy .

4. It helps in the normal functioning of the eye .4. It helps in the normal functioning of the eye .

SourcesSources:- meat , whole grain, :- meat , whole grain, pulses ,milk ,yeast ,liver ,peas ,eggs , green pulses ,milk ,yeast ,liver ,peas ,eggs , green vegetables .vegetables .

Deficiency diseaseDeficiency disease :- cracking of lips ,skin ,corners :- cracking of lips ,skin ,corners of mouth. Photophobia ,glossitis .of mouth. Photophobia ,glossitis .

Vitamin - BVitamin - B44

Chemical nameChemical name - Niacin - Niacin

FunctionsFunctions – 1.It is needed for the metabolism of – 1.It is needed for the metabolism of carbohydrate , fats & proteins .carbohydrate , fats & proteins .

2. It keeps skin healthy & give sound mental health .2. It keeps skin healthy & give sound mental health .

3.It has most important positive contribution to good 3.It has most important positive contribution to good nutrition .nutrition .

SourcesSources – Milk, fish, legumes , potatoes ,green – Milk, fish, legumes , potatoes ,green leafy vegetables , meat ,eggs ,fowl ,whole grains .leafy vegetables , meat ,eggs ,fowl ,whole grains .

Deficiency diseaseDeficiency disease – Pellagra – Pellagra

vitamin –Bvitamin –B1212

Chemical name-Chemical name- Cyanocobalamin . Cyanocobalamin .

Functions Functions – 1.It is essential for the metabolism – 1.It is essential for the metabolism of nervous tissues .of nervous tissues .

2. It is necessary for the formation of healthy blood 2. It is necessary for the formation of healthy blood and proper growth of the body .and proper growth of the body .

Sources Sources – liver , cheese ,milk ,kidney , fish ,meat – liver , cheese ,milk ,kidney , fish ,meat ..

Deficiency diseasesDeficiency diseases – perinicious ,anemia , – perinicious ,anemia , inflammation of tongue & mouth .inflammation of tongue & mouth .

Vitamin –BVitamin –B1010

Chemical nameChemical name – folic acid ,folacin . – folic acid ,folacin .

FunctionsFunctions – 1.It is essential for DNA – 1.It is essential for DNA synthesis ,growth &formation of red blood synthesis ,growth &formation of red blood corpuscles .corpuscles .

2. Purine and pyrimidine synthesis .2. Purine and pyrimidine synthesis .

SourcesSources – green leafy vegetables ,liver , kidney , – green leafy vegetables ,liver , kidney , yeast , soyabean .yeast , soyabean .

Deficiency diseaseDeficiency disease – ulceration of mouth , – ulceration of mouth , inability to absorb especially fats diarrhoea , inability to absorb especially fats diarrhoea , macrocytic anaemia .macrocytic anaemia .

References References BOOKS BOOKS MODERN ABC OF CHEMISTRY[VOL-11]MODERN ABC OF CHEMISTRY[VOL-11]

By- Dr Sp JauharBy- Dr Sp Jauhar TRUEMAN’S ELEMENTARY BIOLOGYTRUEMAN’S ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY

by- KN Bhatia & MP Tyagiby- KN Bhatia & MP Tyagi PRADEEP’S TEXT BOOK OF BIOLOGYPRADEEP’S TEXT BOOK OF BIOLOGY

By-PS Dhami ,G Chopra .By-PS Dhami ,G Chopra . SITES:-SITES:-

http://www.wikipedia.com http://www.wikipedia.com

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