INSIDE THIS ISSUE...GA COMMITTEES | 2GAMERS’ CORNER | 2OPINIONS | 2

INTL COURT OF JUSTICE | 3MORE EVENTS OF 1961 |3PRESS RELEASES | 4PERSONAL NOTICES | 4

Tensions Rise in Historical Security CouncilKATHRYN BAILEY

IPD Reporter

Tensions in the Historical Secu-rity Council reached a high Mon-day as the USSR levied accusationsthat the United States plotted toassassinate Congolese Prime Min-ister Patrice Lumumba.

Citing a telegram attributed toUnited States Central IntelligenceAgency director Allan Dulles, theUSSR accused the United States ofcollaborating with UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld to as-sassinate Prime Minister Lumum-ba. As a result, the USSR would nolonger recognize Hammarskjöldas Secretary-General, said repre-sentative Chris Wessely of theUSSR.

The United States is trying toundermine Soviet influence in theCongo, said Wessely. He addedthat the United States’ actions inCuba are steadily drawing theworld to a nuclear conflagration.

“Our hope here is to open a di-alogue with the United States, weonly stand in fear of silence,” Wes-sely said. “Answers must be had.This matter is in the United States’hands.”

Liberia expressed disappoint-ment that the Security Councilseemed ready to move on fromthe situation in the Congo despiteLumumba’s death.

“The United States and UnitedKingdom say that this is an inter-nal Congolese matter,” said repre-

sentative Rebecca Kursenbaum ofLiberia. “But the Congo cannotdeal with this matter by itself. TheSecurity Council must be in-volved.”

If the United States has noth-ing to hide, they will pass resolu-tion HSC/4/14 and launch an of-ficial investigation into the matter,Kurshenbaum said.

“We don’t want to demonstratethat if you are unhappy, you canjust do away with public officials,”Kurshenbaum said.

The United States refuted theUSSR’s accusations, saying thatthere was no significant evidenceto support to the USSR’s position.They also disagreed with Liberia’sstatement. The recently adoptedresolution on the Congo wouldcreate a stable environment in

which an investigation could belaunched, said representative MattSkuya of the United States.

“The security council shouldnot be used to push any politicalagenda to condemn members ofthis body,” Skuya said. “There isnot even enough support for theresolution for it to come to thefloor.” He added that Lumumba’sdeath was an internal criminalmatter for the Congo, and the UNhad no mandate in the matter.

Ceylon added that it hoped thateverybody would respect the reso-lution that had been passed for theCongo. “There are rumors and ac-cusations all around,” said repre-sentative Michael Kupari of Cey-lon. “But now that the resolutionis passed, I hope everybody will re-spect it.”

Representatives Chris Wessely of the U.S.S.R. and Rebecca Kurshenbaum of Liberia from HSC dis-cuss the situation in the Congo.

WHA Considers SARS SpreadJENNA ROSS

IPD Reporter

The pace has quickened in theWorld Health Assembly.

The body passed two resolu-tions yesterday about the protec-tion of medical missions duringarmed conflict, the first of fourtopics to be discussed in the As-sembly.

After spending two days work-ing with resolutions on this issue,delegates said they are ready tomove on. The Assembly will nowturn to the topics of SARS, theSouthern Africa humanitarian cri-sis and transparency in tobaccocontrol.

Today, the caucuses and debatesfocused on a resolution aboutSARS.

Delegates from Bahrain saidthey support the resolution in dis-

cussion.“Our country has a history of

being able to close its boarders todisease,” Bahrain representativeCurtis Allen said. “We’d like to im-plement these measures for theworld.”

The day’s momentum may be inthe resolution’s favor.

“People want to keep pushingahead,” Christine Williams, a dele-gate from Bahrain, said. “But wedon’t want it to pass simply so wecan get past SARS.”

Sponsors of the resolution saidit reemphasizes the importance ofconfronting communicable diseasein the “global community” andthen defines measures to do so.

The resolution, sponsored byMalaysia, Thailand, Philippines,Ghana and China, is the longest theAssembly has yet seen in this ses-sion.

SC Examines Aid Workers in IraqERIN DEXTER

IPD Reporter

The Security Council passedResolution SC/1 by consensusSunday evening. Presented byCameroon, the resolution dealtwith the protection of humani-tarian aid workers in Afghanistanand financial aid to that country.

The floor then turned to thetopic of Iraq and the protectionof aid workers there. A resolu-tion was submitted byCameroon, Mexico, Pakistan andthe UK but was never voted onbecause of disagreements overits content. Ryan Erwin and Rhi-annon Kelso, Representativesfrom the Syrian Arab Republic,explained that they could notsupport the resolution because ofone of its clauses. The clausereaffirms coalition forces in Iraq,forces of an invasion that wasnever approved by the SecurityCouncil in the first place, said Er-win.

Jason Hall, Representativefrom France, and Lisa Johnson,Representative from Germany,agreed with the Syrian Arab Re-public’s reasoning. They also ex-pressed concern that the longerthe coalition is in power, themore Iraqi sovereignty is threat-

ened. They would like to see afaster and smoother transition toan Iraqi-led government.

Hall also commented that theUS/UK coalition is sendingmixed signals. He explained,“They ask for our financial andmilitary support as well as UNbacking but are unwilling to yieldthe requisite decision-makingpowers.”

According to our sources theUnited States has issued a pressrelease stating that they will pro-vide unilateral troop support forthe protection of UN aid work-ers in Iraq. Upon this concession,the Security Council agreed torest on the stalemate over the sit-uation in Iraq and turned their at-tentions to the crisis in Liberia.

Representatives Hall andJohnson told reporters that theUN must do its best to remedythe refugee problem as soon aspossible. Testimony from therepresentative from Cote d’Ivoiredetailed the refugee situation.Hall and Johnson declined toelaborate on specific measuresthat the UN might take, reservingtheir comments for after they hadconsulted with the delegationfrom Liberia.

Stay tuned for new develop-ments in the Security Council.

Representatives Jason Hall of France and Lisa Johnson of Germany participate in SC deliberations.

Representatives Curtis Allen and Christine Williams of Bahrain discuss SARS in the WHA Monday.

ECOSOC Focuses on Development InitiativesJENNY KISSANE

IPD Reporter

ECOSOC passed ES/I/2 andES/I/1.

Last night, a committee wasformed on World Development. Itwas held today, for one hour to dis-cuss problems that countries arehaving. Fourteen countries partici-pated in this special committee.

“The Special Committee onRural Development was a way formany states from many regions tocome together and talk about theirconcerns with creating sustainabledevelopment,” explained Repre-sentative Courtney Locke of Peru,“the goal of the Special Committeewas to provide a brainstorming ses-sion so countries could share theirsuccesses and challenges in provid-ing education to rural communi-ties. This body is discussing severalgood resolutions on education butthere needs to be a focus on ruralcommunities. It is easier for educa-tional programs to take hold in ur-ban communities due to popula-tion concentrations. Therefore,specific clauses in resolutions that

deal with rural communities arenecessary to ensure that we addresstheir needs.” Representative MaryPuttmann from Pakistan.

The Special Committee gave aspeech later on in the session toshare with ESCSOC what they hadproduced as a result of their meet-ing.

While the Special Committeewas meeting, the other members ofECOSOC discussed resolutionES/I/5 that was on the floor.Ethiopia was one of the countriesthat was very vocal on this resolu-tion. Ethiopia stressed the impor-tance of encouraging the old pro-grams.

As a result, Ethiopia requested arepresentative that had knowledgeabout the HIPC (Highly IndebtedPoor Countries) debt relief pro-gram. Ethiopia wanted to informthe body on what the plan does andhow this relates to ES/I/5.

“We would like to recognize thework of existing bodies, such asHIPC, and encourage the expan-sion of this program instead ofcreating a entirely new program,”stated Representative Rachel Tregofrom Ethiopia. Other programs

such as the UNDP were men-tioned as well.

The body had also moved intovoting procedure for AmendmentA on Resolution ES/I/5. Thispassed with 32-0-8 vote and be-came a part of Resolution ES/I/5.Debate on Resolution ES/I/5 wasclosed. The Amendment was un-der consensus. The Resolutonpassed with a 18-11-13 vote.

At press time, ResolutionES/I/4 was brought onto the floorwith a 22-4-7 vote.

An amendment to ResolutionES/I/4 was discussed on the floorlast night during caucusing, butthere was some opposition to thisamendment. “Our initial responselast night was positive, but some ofthe wording was offensive. Speak-ing with nations of various eco-nomic levels gave us input abouthow to adhere to the will of thecommittee,” explained JanetMcHugh from Germany. As a re-sult, the amendment was redraftedthis morning and was waiting to beintroduced onto the floor as ofpress time.

First Faculty Session Discusses MUN PracticesERIN DEXTER

IPD Reporter

The first Faculty Advisor Ses-sion met in the Gold Coast roomSunday morning from 9:00-10:00am. The session, entitled“Best Practices... Sharing best prac-tices for MUN’s” featured twoguest speakers, Professor Shamimand Professor “Welling” Hall. Eachprofessor shared their personal ex-perience as faculty advisors andtechniques they found effective.

Dr. Shamim advised that theformula for a successful MUN del-egate is half art of negotiation anddiplomacy and half solid capabili-

ties. In other words, students mustbe prepared in the both areas.

First, judgement is critical, i.e.knowing when to compromise andwhen to stand ground on an issue.The use of sophisticated languageis also a must if one is to avoidcommitting unnecessarily or of-fending.

On the other side of the spec-trum, knowing the rules and proce-dures of AMUN is key becausewithout them students feel entirelylost in session.

Above all, says Dr. Shamim, a“Seize the Day”attitude is ideal forthe MUN education process be-cause it motivates students to try

their very best.Dr. “Welling” Hall spoke about

International Law (IL) and its mar-ginalized status in U.S. schools. Thecurrent IR texts, she explained, ei-ther do not cover IL at all or do soinconsistently. One reason Dr Hallcited for this discrepancy was that,according to some legal scholars ILis not really law at all. Rather, IL is acollection of guidelines that are fol-lowed by most countries most ofthe time. To correct the problem,she suggests that International Lawbe taught not as a single subject butas a sub-topic interwoven into IRcurriculum.

FIRST COMMITTEECHRISTOPHER M. ROSE

IPD Reporter

The highlight of Monday’s firstcommittee session occurred dur-ing the early hours of the morning.It was during this time when theopening session was initiated by avote on Columbia’s accomplishedResolution 4. This vote was fol-lowed by a continuing debate onthe issue of landmines in the con-text of Tunisia’s resolution 7.

A taut and quiet hush filled thecommittee room, disturbed onlyby the rustling of papers and theChair’s voice who called for votesfrom each member state. Halfwaythrough the lengthy and silentprocess it was made clear that reso-lution 4 would in fact pass. Resolu-tion 7 passed 69-29-9.

Colombia’s resolution 4, wassubmitted by Representatives MattRoberts and Lisa Christianson,who worked tirelessly to ensurethis resolution would be submit-ted. Resolution 4 has been the firstresolution to be put through theFirst Committee this week. Anoverjoyed Roberts expressed hishappiness with the cooperative ef-forts of the Committee by statingthat, “Colombia would like to ex-press it’s extreme satisfaction thatthis body has taken the first re-sponsible step toward disarmingour world. We are excited aboutthe nearly unanimous support forresolution 4. We are further en-couraged by the discourse by fel-low member states.”

Following the success of theresolution 4 vote, there was anagreement by members to hold abrief suspension of meeting re-served for representatives to pre-pare themselves for the next topicof discussion. The subsequenttopic of discussion was resolution7, as submitted by Tunisia. Thisresolution was met with dissentfrom many committee members

that has instigated a divide amonga once unified group of represen-tatives. Deliberation on this issuehas occupied the majority of themorning’s session.

The focus of debate has beenlargely aimed at the measure thatcalls for strong procedures to beenacted toward the disarmamentof land mines. Most nations recog-nize the danger land minds pose,however, some suspect that theresolution’s methods are impracti-cal, if not impossible, to imple-ment.

Representative Roman Solows-ki of the Netherlands felt that,“the current resolution is too ideal-istic and impractical.”

Following a passionate speechby Cambodia, Representative DiyaBose called for all nations to sup-port the resolution with amend-ments, reaffirming the importanceof land mine control by statingthat “Cambodia alone possesses 6million active land mines whichthreaten the lives for millions ofpeople. The Cambodian Govern-ment has committed to enormousefforts to rehabilitate victims ofland mines and clearing land mindsfrom their territory. However,Cambodia’s lack of funds hamperthese efforts and proven that itcannot go about disarming landmines alone. We strongly encour-age immediate ratification of theOttawa Convention because thecommitment of the 5 permanentmembers and multiple nations ofthe Middle East and Asia, the con-vention cannot live up to full po-tential.”

Kazakhstan RepresentitiveAdam Dour opposses resolution 7,stating that the landmine issue ingeneral is a good discussion, how-ever, the resolution does not haverealistic goals. He feels that thisresolution calls for nations tosearch huge areas for landmineswithout probable cause. He statesthat, “it would take a millennia to

accomplish such a feat, therefore,resolution 7 is not practical by anymeans.”

Chile’s Representative, SeyonNynwleh, presented a heartfeltspeech in favor of resolution 7with amendments, stressing theimportance of the land mine issueand the immediacy action must betaken to eliminate the suffering ofthe worlds peoples. RepresentativeNynwleh questioned, “should wesimply sit back and watch the peo-ple of the world die from landmines? ...or should we take action?It is important for us all to commitourselves to the elimination ofland mines.”

To alleviate the suffering of theworld’s people it is apparent that anagreement must be reached on theissue of landmine control. Subse-quently, if such an agreement isnot reached, millions will be threat-ened by the hidden menace land-mines pose each day.

The issue is currently unre-solved in the committee.

SECOND COMMITTEEJESSICA HEIKKILA

IPD Reporter

After hours of discussion yes-terday, the Second Committeepassed two resolutions this morn-ing. Resolution 2/II/1 came to a

ERIN DEXTER &APRIL CULLEY

IPD Reporters

ACROSS

1. Extreme gun control3. Passive aggression meets the

opposite of free-trade4. Helping hand6. Right to rule8. Security-panacea9. A consultation in chaos

DOWN

1. Keynote speaker extraordinare2. AMUN scribe5. First finder, UN protected

keeper7. Tool of non-state actors

SEE ANSWERS | 4

2 | 24 November 2003 • Monday Evening Edition AMUN Daily Chronicle

INTERNATIONAL PRESS DELEGATIONReporters: Kathryn Bailey Jessica Heikkila

Dave Baylis Jenny KissaneIvy Bradley Chris RoseApril Culley Jenna RossErin Dexter

Photographer: Peter KelleyEditor: Blake JohnsonPublisher: Adam D. Wolfe

Publication Policy:Editorials, Press Releases and Personals to the AMUN Daily

Chronicle should be submitted, in writing, to the IPD Office in theAtlanta Room. Any topic concerning the Conference or world is-sues is acceptable.

All submissions must be legible to be accepted. The Secretari-at reserves the right to accept, edit, or reject all submissions.

Word Search JENNY KISSANEIPD Reporter

GAMERS’ CORNER

CORRECTIONSOn page 2, the Islamic Republic of Iran was misnamed and erro-

neously quoted as Iraq. This nation later removed itself from the res-olution under discussion and abstained during the vote.

In last night’s edition, the press conference report on page 3should have read “Ghana, Cuba and El Salvador Aim for MultilateralCoalition.” The representative quoted in the article was Doug Skaggs,and the number of backing nations reported for the coalition withinthe First Committee was an initial number, not a final one.

The AMUN Daily Chronicle regrets these errors.

AGENDAASSEMBLYCHICAGOCOLLEGECOMMITTEECONFERENCECOUNCILDELEGATIONECOSOCGENERALICJINTERNATIONALMEMBERPLENARYREPRESENTATIVESECURITYSESSIONSIMULATIONSSTATESWHA

http://puzzlemaker.school.discovery.com/code/BuildWordSearch.asp

INTERNATIONAL PRESS EDITORIAL

CHRISTOPHER M. ROSEIPD Reporter

[This editorial represents part one ofa two-part counterpoint series. Look to-morrow for part two. -Ed.]

When states think in terms oftheir individual sovereignty, anddisregard the importance of co-operation with their neighbors,they cannot hope to create peaceand global stability in the interna-tional system. When countriesthink in terms of individual statesovereignty alone, they rely upona sense of individualism to sur-vive. Individualism requires astate to act in a manner that pro-motes it’s own interest over allother global concerns.

This train of thought, globalpeace and security are achievedonly by chance, because it re-quires states to create peace andsecurity through the fabricationof a balance of power betweenstates. True equilibrium betweenthese states is impossible due tothe inequalities between states.Such inequalities include geo-graphic location, unequal distri-bution of resources, historical in-justices such as the colonial expe-rience, and other factors that af-ford unequal conditions amongstates. All states are not createdequally.

A balance of power betweenindividual states cannot beachieved, due to the relentlessthreat constituted by the develop-ment of new science and tech-nologies, as well as military build-ups.

On the subject of technology,advances provide a decisive in-crease in power to the state thatpossesses it. For this reason, it iscrucial to the survival of otherstates to obtain the same technol-ogy, or superior technology, tooff set the competition. The statewith the newest technology will

protect it because it provides asignificant advantage over otherstates. As a result, other nationswill be forced to respond to theshift in balance of power bybuilding up their own powerthrough technology or othermeans. In establishing balance ofpower there is a “see-saw” effectwhere power changes hands backand forth between states coalesc-ing competition.

Through a balance of powerframework, nations are uncoop-erative and do not promote dialogwith each other, which also hin-ders the peace process. In a worldof secrets, no state is sure whattype of advantage it’s neighborhas, therefore must assume theworse and continue to boost it’sown power out of fear of fallingbehind. Transparency and com-munication are lost when thishappens, those necessary precon-ditions for creating trust amongnations. Trust is the necessarycondition for creating interna-tional peace and security.

The balance of power frame-work does not establish a truesymmetry between states becauseit creates an endless battle forglobal dominance in which thereare no winners. Such a balancemay be realized for a time, how-ever, as a result of a nation’s at-tempt to create security for itself,it will inescapably create more in-stability by disrupting the harmo-ny between states.

Any threat, alleged or genuine,invokes an intimidating responseby neighboring countries.Whether it is the threat of a mili-tary build up or a threat of newtechnology with a dual use, theresponse will be aggressive in na-ture, obstructing peace.

Equilibrium is unattainable,and in effect is not the means toan end.

International Cooperation Should Prevail

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Final Day of Committees Spent PreparingResolutions for Plenary Session

Representative Hubert Johnson of Colombia pre-pares to address the Sixth Committee on Monday.

MORE COMMITTEES | 4

AMUN Daily Chronicle Monday Evening Edition • 24 November 2003 | 3THE WORLD COURT

Decision: Mexico v. The United States of AmericaDAVE BAYLIS

IPD Reporter

Any case which is brought be-fore the ICJ must contend with thefact that an appropriate decision inlegal matters can often be one oflife and death consequence, andthe outcome in Mexico v. The UnitedStates of America is no exception.The court delivered its ruling at7:00 pm on 23 November 2003 af-ter several hours of deliberationthat occurred throughout the day.The ruling was a multifaceted col-laboration which disseminated sixmain points of argumentation. Ju-risdiction was a primary point ofcontention with both Representa-tives from Mexico and The UnitedStates of America. Mexico arguedthat the Court did have the Juris-diction to hear the case citing Op-tional Protocol I of the ViennaConvention on Consular Rela-tions, while the United States con-tended that the United States hadalready acknowledged their viola-tion of the consular clause withinArticle 36 of the Vienna Conven-tion. By recognizing these condi-tions, the United States viewed nodispute, thus ending any and all ju-risdiction by the court in the mat-ter. The Court unanimously foundthat they did possess the necessaryjurisdiction to hear the matter inthis case, as their was a disputeover the interpretation of the con-vention itself.

The United States and Mexicowere in agreement over the UnitedStates’ violation of “internationallegal obligations to Mexico by its

failure to inform the fifty-fourMexican nationals of their rightsto contact their consular represen-tation within the United States.”However, Mexico and the UnitedStates were at odds over the do-mestic policy within the UnitedStates of procedural default. Mex-ico believes that the actions associ-ated with procedural default pre-vented the Mexican nationals fromreceiving just due process withinthe process of appeals. The Unit-ed States disputes these claims cit-ing that the allowance of proce-dural default is within the interpre-tation of the Vienna Convention.The Court recommended that theUnited States “review and/or re-consider” the requests of theMexican nationals due to distinctviolations of Article 36 of the Vi-enna Convention. The Court alsoreemphasized proper interpreta-tion of the prior case involving re-view and reconsideration in Ger-many v. The United States ofAmerica. In essence it holds to theprior finding in Article 26 of theInternational Covenant on Civiland Political Rights that finds allpersons of any distinction equal

within the eyes of blind justice.The Court also ordered the UnitedStates to compose a direct “formalguarantee” that no further viola-tions of the Vienna Conventionwould occur.

The final point regarding theright to receive consular assistanceas a significant human right wasthe only one to fall short of unan-imous court opinion. The courtfound eleven to two, with the dis-senting voice offered by JusticesHypnar and Laiu, that the right toconsular assistance is a politicalright, not a human right.

The Court’s ruling sets prece-dence for the merits of dueprocess and its peripheral assets asfundamental to the balance of justand fair proceedings. Any countryparty to the articles of the ViennaConvention is party to the facetsoffered by civil justice. Supportersof the ruling see the Court asproving a profound point andshowing a strong voice regarding apivotal aspect of the philosophicalunderstanding of law for all states.

Justices of the International Court hear arguments and deliberate in the Comiskey Room on Monday.

ICJ Hears Arguments in 1974 Historical CaseDAVE BAYLIS

IPD Reporters

At the outset, the case seemslike a complicated version ofsovereignty v. sovereignty, butwhat really appears is a case of ju-risdiction, territory, and a conflictover the concerns of the future.New Zealand v. France: 1974 findsthe applicant, New Zealand, stat-ing in its memorial to the courtthat France is violating interna-tional law by testing NuclearWeapons in the Mururoa Atoll2500 miles north of NewZealand. New Zealand accusedFrance of adversely affecting it’senvironment and people as wellas interfering with the sovereign-ty of New Zealand.

France argued that the Courthas no jurisdiction in the matterbecause it is not competent tohear the case, meaning it doesn’thave the legal jurisdiction in thematter. The Representatives fromFrance dispute the case due pri-marily to the fact that they are notsubject to the Treaty BanningNuclear Weapons Testing from1963, as well as the NPT. Francealso argues that matters involvingnuclear testing are that of domes-tic jurisdiction, and that the Re-public of France carries any andall rights to test nuclear weaponsfor their own self defense.

The Representative from NewZealand, Nish Nirmal openedoral arguments with a to-the-point condemnation of Frances’sdirect violation of New Zealand’ssovereignty. The issues of territo-ry and the right to nuclear testingquickly came into focus here, asthe question arose over wether ornot nuclear testing in one’s ownland politically or environmental-ly affects that of another sover-eign state. The argument becamesomewhat unclear over wether ornot nuclear damage can be regis-tered to determine it is possible

affects in the future. Justice Laiudirectly questioned New ZealandRepresentative Rezza Rahmani“if the damage is unclear, how doyou measure how much damagehas occurred?” RepresentativeRahmani responded by assuringthat though no damage estimatecould be determined with anycertain, but there was definitely apossibility. Justice Bulson contin-ued in this vein by questioningRepresentative Rahmani, asking“can you verify information thatstates that the fallout from radia-tion in these areas is significantlylower that what is considered at adangerous level?” RepresentativeRahmani responded that therewas very little information to di-rectly pinpoint the effects of ra-dioactive fallout in water. “Wehave decided that as a country, weare anti-nuclear in any form.While France claims to be doingit on their own soil, they are af-fecting others.” On this matter ofsovereignty, Justice Burton ques-tioned the representative aboutFrance’s own rights to test nu-clear weapons on their territoryfor the purpose of defense. Rep-resentative Rahmani quickly re-sponded, “then why aren’t theytesting in Paris?”

The Representative fromFrance, Mark Morozink, at-tempted to make a distinction be-tween the true issues at hand inthis case. “This is not a matter ofinternational law, but rather oneof international protection.France would like to point outthat there is no longer a disputein this case as the Applicantsclaims have been met.” Repre-sentative Morozink then reaf-firmed the arguments withintheir memorial and also pointedout the continued nuclearweapons testing that has been en-acted by other nations such asChina which proves that their areholes in the various nuclear test

treaties. Justice Laiu quickly fo-cused on the French argument ofno competency within the court.Representative Morozink clari-fied by pointing out that thecourt would not have a legal rightto make a ruling on sovereign is-sues. Justice Vogl questionedFrance’s disregard to NewZealand concerns over futuretesting in the vicinity of NewZealand. Representative Mo-rozink circularly dodged this is-sue by reiterating that the issue inthis case was strictly one of sov-ereign matters between Franceand New Zealand and by point-ing to their gradual shift from at-mospheric nuclear testing to-wards underground nuclear test-ing. Representative Morozinkalso admitted that New Zealand’sclaim that air and sea travel wasdisrupted by the nuclear testingwas valid. However he was quickto point out that the commercialeconomic damage was extremelyminimal. The ultimate summa-rization of these events forFrance is their insistence thatthey had not violated any interna-tional law in their nuclear testing,and were in fact simply acting onthey own sovereign rights to cre-ate defensive weapons. NewZealand reiterated that they werenot attempting to interfere withFrance’s own right to self de-fense, but were rather attemptingto protect their own national sov-ereignty.

Ultimately the justices willneed to disseminate what is beingargued here at the state and indi-vidual level of analysis to seewhat their jurisdiction in the mat-ter would be. Nuclear radiationmay stay in the ground for thou-sands of years, but the relation-ship between countries should beone of even greater duration.

BREAKING NEWS1961: UN Defies Own Resolution,Occupies Elizabethville

United Nations peacekeepersoccupied the Katangan capitolElizabethville Monday in appar-ent defiance of a ceasefire resolu-tion adopted the Security Councildays before.

Representatives expressedshock and disbelief when thenews broke. The USSR stronglycondemned the action, suggest-ing that secretary general DagHammerskjöld overstepped hisbounds and defied the will of thesecurity council.

“The Soviet Union is not sur-prised,” said Representative ChrisWessely of the USSR. “It’s justanother example to add to ourbag of reasons of how [Secre-tary- General] Dag Ham-marskjöld used the UN so per-sonally.” He added that the secre-tary general must be stopped, andthat he was appalled that the se-curity council hadn’t recognizedthe apparent corruption earlier.

“His manipulation has createda pandora’s box of corruption,”Wessely said.

Other nations expressed con-cern about the Secretary-Gener-al’s actions. Ceylon joined theUSSR in calling for a formal in-vestigation into the matter.

“Ceylon is disturbed at the ac-tions of the Secretary-General,”said representative Michael Ku-pari of Ceylon. “That he wouldviolate a ceasefire we mediated isupsetting to say the least. Theworld must know that we don’tcondone these attacks.” An in-vestigation will be launched im-mediately, he said.

According to Sarah Morse ofthe Secretary-General’s office,the Security Council gave theSecretary-General the authorityto attack in the resolution. By au-thorizing the UN to take actionin operative clause 4, it gave theSecretary-General precedencefor the action, she said. “We did-n’t have time to sit around andwait for the security council topass another resolution.” Sheadded that Premier Tshombe ofthe Republic of Congo demand-ed immediate action againstKatanga or he would not go tothe negotiating table. The secre-tary general felt it was necessaryto take immediate, unilateral ac-tion, Morse said

“The Secretary-General has apersonal vendetta against Katan-ga,” said Representative JustinMeyer of Katanga. “The Secre-tary-General has put every possi-ble roadblock to our sovereignty.We would never want to engageUN troops, but the Secretary-General has given Katanga littlechoice.” The UN troops shouldkeep peace and not be aggressive.

“The UN’s use of militaryforce and aggression must bestrongly condemned. The UN isbased on peaceful principals, andwhen the Secretary-General usesforce, the Security Council musttake immediate action,” Meyersaid.

Shortly after the news broke, itwas learned that the Secretary-General had died in a plane crash.More news will be provided asthe facts become known.

Representatives caucus in the Regency Lobby during a suspension of the meeting.

Announcement for Faculty AdvisorsA special session is being held for Faculty Advisors

on Tuesday morning. Mr. Anthony Hogan of the UNFoundation and President of Model United NationsInternational will be facilitating the presentation.

All Faculty Advisors are encouraged to participate.The special session will be held from 10:00 - 11:00a.m. Tuesday morning in the Gold Coast Room.

vote this morning. The main advocate of theresolution was Cameroon, but several of theAfrican nations collaborated to form theresolution. Debt relief, economic growth, al-leviation of embargos, and several pointsabout healthcare, technology, and educationwere the main point of the resolution. A fewamendments had been added and voted onbefore the committee voted on the resolu-tion as a whole. Resolution 2/2/1 passedwith a vote of 64-13-26. RepresentativeJaneAnne Belmore of Liberia stated that thepassing of the resolution “proves that diplo-macy is alive and well.”

Malaysia put their resolution on the floorshortly afer the voting, and after an hour ofdiscussion, Resolution 2/2/3 passed 84-1-15. In a speech to the committee, Timor-Leste commented that the resolution was“packed with specifics.” With Malaysia’sstrong foothold in Asia, the resolution hadstrong support. The main points of the res-olution included working towards a goal oftree trade, bilateral communication, and theestablishment of a committee under the su-pervision of the UNDP. The sub-commit-tee would serve as a connection between de-veloping nations and developed ones.

The Arab nations and Spain have also putforth resolutions. The United States hasbeen working on a draft resolution since Sat-urday but the resolution had not beenbrought to the floor as of this morning.Sources indicate that the resolution is thecombined effort of the United States andthe European Union. The United Stateswould not comment on the specifics of theresolution, stating only that it was still in thedraft stages. If this resolution comes to thefloor, it has the possibility of having strongsupport if its co-signatories include theUnited Kingdom and the European Union.

THIRD COMMITTEEIVY BRADLEY

IPD Reporter

The Third Committee has remained fo-cused on the first topic of discussion - theimplementation of the outcome of theWorld Summit for Social Development andof the twenty- fourth special session of theGeneral Assembly.

The first resolution to be brought to thefloor Sunday afternoon was GA3/1/2, whichfocused on the topic of fresh water availabili-ty, was submitted by India and Iraq. The reso-lution recognized the shortage of clean drink-ing water worldwide and requested that na-tions monitor rural areas in order to increaseawareness of the problems of sanitation. Twoamendments were added; the first in regardsto the percentage of global water supplieswhich are fresh and accessible, and the secondwhich requested funds for road building in or-der to aid nations in reaching rural areas forthe monitoring of water supplies. Following amotion by the United States to divide thequestion, the second amendment was notpassed. The resolution with Amendment Awas adopted by consensus.

The next resolution under considerationwas GA3/I/4, which dealt primarily with therights and education of women, and withwomen’s education as a tool for decreasingpoverty. Following a very brief suspensionfor caucusing, the resolution was passed 64-13-23. The Islamic Republic of Iran, whichhad co-submitted the resolution explainedthat they voted to abstain as they felt the lan-guage regarding women’s rights was too

strongly emphasized. Hungary expressed theview that the countries submitting the resolu-tion, which included China, Pakistan andIraq, were not a positive example of women’srights in practice.

On Monday morning the resolutionGA3/1/8 was brought to the floor. This res-olution sought to draw attention to the im-portance of disease prevention and requestedthe assistance of NGO’s to provide aid tocountries in need of medical benefits. In therole call vote requested by New Zealand, theresolution passed 73-4-24.

The next resolution brought to the floorwas GA3/1/10, which discussed the rela-tionship between education and poverty andcalled for basic schooling for all youth, as wellas adult education. The resolution also calledfor education working towards drug use pre-vention and the prevention of AIDS. It wasadopted by consensus.

As the Monday morning session comes toa close, several member nations are workingon the establishment of resolutions on thesecond topic.

SIXTH COMMITTEEAPRIL CULLEY

IPD Reporter

As the day was winding down on Sunday,the Sixth Committee received a renewedburst of energy. The first substantive votecame late in the evening, with representativescalling for a consensus vote on an Amend-ment, and the first resolution (6/1/4) waspassed immediately upon opening of sessionthis morning.

Yet even with this seemingly meaningfuloccasion, the momentum of the committeeis often stalled in procedural motions. Withtwelve resolutions on the floor and many leftto be discussed, the task at times seemsdaunting. Though Representative AaronScott Jorbin from Sri Lanka expressed opti-mism, “Each resolution is important, and weneed to discuss them to hammer out any is-sues. It’s nice to see that we’re getting thingspassed.”

Even though there are still resolutions onthe floor for the first topic, representativesare beginning to look toward the next topic-review of the UN Charter and strengtheningthe role of the organization. Resolutions thatwere suffering from a lack of compromisebetween blocs on for the first topic are nowbeing produced as collaborative efforts.

Colombia is spearheading a resolution todiscuss reform of the Security Council in ajoint effort with representatives from theAfrican, Asian and European blocs. “Colom-bia is excited that as the convention goes on,blocs find themselves more willing to com-promise and collaborate,” said Kristina Flo-res from Colombia. A second resolution isalso being prepared in advance by membersof Asian, African and one member of theLatin American bloc.

Representative Jorbin set an ambitiousgoal of having all resolutions on the firsttopic resolved by the end of the morningsession, and the committee to be ready tomove on to the second topic by this evening.

4 | 24 November 2003 • Monday Evening Edition AMUN Daily Chronicle

Answers to Crossword

Committee Deliberations Draw to a Close

Representatives Suamaya Jones of Djibouti and Amanda Shideler of Denmark participate in Second Committee debate Monday.

PRESS RELEASESLuxembourg. United Nations has im-

plemented various programs which haveimproved many member states positionseconomically, socially, security and hu-manitarian aspects. Luxembourg stronglysupports the social, economic and human-itarian issues through donating more that.7 percent GNP. It will continue to lendsupport until all the goals are met. Luxem-bourg understands that many countriesneed assistance to become self-sufficientand evolve into a developed country. It isvery committed to assisting underdevel-oped countries in its transformation to-ward improvement.

Iraq, World Health Assembly. On 22November 2003, a special session of theWorld Health Assembly convened. Thefirst two days were full of heated and pro-ductive debate on the protection of med-ical missions. The WHA passed two reso-lutions: WHA/I/1 and WHA/I/2. In anexciting turn of events during the morn-ing of 24 November 2003, WHA turnedits attention to SARS. The delegations inthe WHA hope for productive debate onthis issue and also on transparency in to-bacco control and the humanitarian crisisin Southern Africa.

Brazil, Economic and Social Coun-cil. The 2003 Forum at Sao Paulo will beheld in December and, once again, Cubaand Fidel Castro will host the event for thethird year in a row. In attendance will bevarious heads of state, including PresidentLuis Inacio Lula da Silva of Brazil, Presi-dent Hugo Chaves at Venezuela, and Cas-tro himself, along with representativesfrom many other groups, some of whichappear on the U.S. State Departments’s listof active terrorist groups, including theColombian FARC and ELN, the PeruvianMRTA, and the FMLN of El Salvador.Topics to be discussed will be regional co-operation and opposition to the FreeTrade Area of the Americas. This comeson the heals of rekindled Cold War anxi-eties as Brazil pushes forward with a planto un-sign the Nuclear Non-ProliferationTreaty and build a nuclear arsenal, the firstof its kind in Latin/South America.

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Sixth Com-mittee. Today in Sixth Committee a star-tling development has occurred. TheAsian, Middle Eastern and African blocshave begun working together towardscommon interests, resulting in a dramatic

change to the direction in which the com-mittee has been moving.

Up until this time, the European Unionhas been stifling any action by the MiddleEastern nations, causing resolutions draft-ed by those nations to never be broughtforward for debate. In a roll call vote for aresolution sponsored by Romania, Bel-gium, Italy and France, the Middle East-ern, Asian, and African blocs voted reso-lution 6th/1/10 down, resulting in the de-feat of an EU push for the re-opening ofthe Geneva Conventions and the consid-eration of a third protocol.

Following this dramatic move by theseblocs, Middle Eastern interests werepromptly recognized with the opening ofdebate on a the primary resolution spon-sored by Middle Eastern countries, prima-rily Yemen. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya wouldlike to state that this is a proud day for theUnited Nations. Finally, the EuropeanUnion must realize this is a democracy ofall nations; it will no longer be allowed todictate the direction of this internationalbody.

United States of America, SecurityCouncil. The United States, in relation tothe developing situation in Iraq, pledgesits forces to protect UN personnelthroughout its involvement in the situa-tion.

France, Historical Security Council.Just past noon today, an agreement wasreached between France and Tunisia. Bro-kered by the United States of America,high points of the pact include a pledge byFrance to defend Tunisia against potentialforeign threats. All parties expressed sym-pathy in the wake of the tragic loss of lifeover recent days near Bizerta, Tunisia. Inaddition to the defense aspect of the treat,The United States will be constructinghealth care facilities in various areas of thecountry. France has agreed to fund and as-sist Tunisia in probing and extraction ofits natural resources. It is envisioned thatthe accord will represent a significant stepin Tunisia’s development and is indu-bitably and exemplary instance of cooper-ation between France and The UnitedStates. The negotiations were tumultuous,however, the Historical Security Councilanticipates the release of a presidentialstatement in the near future as an expres-sion of its consensus on the completionof talks.

PERSONAL NOTICESThank you IPD Staff! It's been a wonder-

ful experience working with you! TakeCare!

-Erin Dexter, IPD

Juice-loving delegate with spacious ElCamino seeks older lady friend who en-joys long drives, minding P's and Q's.

-Kathryn Herndon, Denmark, 1st Committee

Liberia WHA- Is there hope to see you atthe dance?

-You know who

April and Stephanie- I have a banana, noseriously, I do.

-Anonymous

Baby- Here is to 50 years of Rice KrispyTreats!

Colombia would like to thank Cuba,Malaysia, Venezuela, and Timor-Lestefor their invaluable help in drafting res-olution 6A6/2/2.

-Colombia, 6th Committee

I would like to thank the captain of myModel UN team, Eric Olson, for hisdedication and sense of humor. Iwould also like to thank my high schoolModel OAS coach, David Wyatt, for hisdedication and ability to get me in-volved in public speaking.

-Ben Herman, Somalia

Representatives from the General Assembly caucus outside of the Grand Ballrooms on Monday.

COMMITTEES FROM 2