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Ten Things You Might Like to Know About the Moon
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Transcript of Ten Things You Might Like to Know About the Moon
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Ten Things You Might Like to KnowTen Things You Might Like to Know
About the Earth¶s Moon About the Earth¶s Moon
A shortA shortpresentation bypresentation by
the Howardthe HowardAstronomicalAstronomical
LeagueLeague
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In 1609 and 1610, theIn 1609 and 1610, the
first years that thefirst years that the
newly invented newly invented
telescope was turned telescope was turned
towards the Moon,towards the Moon,
Thomas Harriot madeThomas Harriot madea number of drawingsa number of drawings
of his telescopic of his telescopic
observations of theobservations of the
Moon.Moon.
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TheUnlabeled
Moon
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The LabeledThe Labeled
MoonMoon
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Distance From Earth: 225,745 miles
Length of a Day: 27.3 days
Radius: 1,080 milesDiameter: 2,160 miles
Weight:81 Quintillion
Tons
Surface Temp (Day): 273° F
Surface Temp (Night): - 244° F
Gravity At Surface:0.1667 g (1/6
Earth's)
Orbital Speed 2,287 mph
Driving time by car (@70
mph):135 days
Flying time by rocket: 60 to 70 hrs.
No. of Men Who Have Walked
on Surface:12
Age of Oldest Rock Collected: 4.5 Billions yrs.
Rocks Collected By Apollo: 842 pounds
Widest Craters: 140 miles (dia.)
Deepest Craters: 15,000+ (ft.)
Highest Mountains: 16,000+ (ft.)
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1. Theories of Moon1. Theories of Moon
FormationFormationEven now we do not knowEven now we do not know
with absolute certainty«with absolute certainty«
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Accretion Accretion
«the Moon and theEarth formed at
about the same time,
4.6 billion years ago,when the solar
system emerged fromthe Solar Nebulae
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CaptureCapture
«the Moon formedelsewhere in the solar
system and wassubsequently captured by
the Earth
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FissionFission
«the Moon split off fromthe Earth
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Collision EjectaCollision Ejecta
«the Earth collided witha very large object (asbig as Mars or more)very early during the
formation of the solarsystem and the Moon
formed from the ejectedmaterial
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2. The Moveable Moon2. The Moveable MoonIt used to be a lot closer«It used to be a lot closer«
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The Moon used to occupy a sizeableamount of the sky. No one is exactly
sure how large it appeared from theEarth or how close the fully formedMoon actually was to the Earth.Calculations predict around 13, 500miles. There were no human eyes to
see it.
Back then, like a tether ball on a ropewrapped around the pole or keys onthe end of a chain swinging around
your finger, it "swung" a lot fasterbecause it was "wound up" closer tothe pivot. The Earth revolved onceevery 5 hours or so.
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Nowadays the moon constantlymoves further away from the
Earth ± at a rate of about 1-1/2inches per year.
Every century the moon moves just over 12 feet further away.
In the next one million years the
moon will be about 24 milesfurther away from the earth.
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3. The Moon¶s Ultimate3. The Moon¶s UltimateFateFate
The Moon will continue to drift outward until, inThe Moon will continue to drift outward until, inthe remote future, the Earth and the Moon will bethe remote future, the Earth and the Moon will belocked in a frozen embrace like Pluto and itslocked in a frozen embrace like Pluto and itssatellite Charon. Then the Earth will turn on itssatellite Charon. Then the Earth will turn on its
axis once in the same period the Moon revolvesaxis once in the same period the Moon re
volvesaround it, about once every 50 days.around it, about once every 50 days.
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4. A Dead Moon4. A Dead MoonDead, essentially, for 3.8Dead, essentially, for 3.8
billion years or more«billion years or more«
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For hundreds of years itFor hundreds of years itwas thought desperatelywas thought desperately
that the Moon had athat the Moon had avolcanic history like thevolcanic history like theEarth¶s. The Moon HAS hadEarth¶s. The Moon HAS hada limited volcanic history, ina limited volcanic history, infact. A Picture taken infact. A Picture taken in1994 by the Clementine1994 by the Clementine
mission shows a volcano onmission shows a volcano onthe Moon¶s South Pole fromthe Moon¶s South Pole frommillions of years ago. Thismillions of years ago. Thisis fairly recent in the Moon¶sis fairly recent in the Moon¶shistory, which explains whyhistory, which explains whythere are few impactthere are few impact
craters nearby. Butcraters nearby. Butvulcanism is the minorvulcanism is the minorplayer in the Moon¶splayer in the Moon¶shistory.history.
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The Far Side of the MoonThe Far Side of the Moon
The major player ismeteorite impact,
mostly occurring duringthe Moon¶s early history
± the so-called periodsof heavy and lightbombardment.
And incidentally there isno permanent dark sideof the Moon except on
Pink Floyd albums.
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5. A Brief Series of Visits5. A Brief Series of VisitsJust 30 years ago«Just 30 years ago«
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The Lunar Landscape from ApolloThe Lunar Landscape from Apollo
1717
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THE APOLLO LANDING SITES
Mission Site Location Latitude Longitude Date of Landing
11 Mare Tranquillitatis 0°41'15" N 23°26' E July 20, 1969
12 Oceanus Procellarum 3°11'51" S 23°23'8" W Nov. 19, 1969
14 Fra Mauro 3°40'24" S 17°27'55" W Jan. 31, 1971
15 Hadley-Apennines 26°06'03" N 03°39'10" E July 30, 1971
16 Descartes 8°59'29" S 15°30'52" E April 21, 1972
17 Taurus-Littrow 20°9'55" N 30°45'57" E Dec. 11, 1972
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Apollo 11 Landing Site Apollo 11 Landing Site
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Apollo 11 - Jul. 16th - Jul. 24th (1969)Crew: Neil A. Armstrong, CommanderEdwin E. Aldrin, Lunar Module PilotMichael Collins, Command Module Pilot
Apollo 16 - Jul. 26th - Aug. 7th (1971)Crew: John W. Young, CommanderThomas K. Mattingly II, Cmd. Module PilotCharles M. Duke, Jr., Lunar Module Pilot
Apollo 17 - Dec. 7th - Dec. 19th (1972)Crew: Eugene A. Cernan, CommanderRonald B. Evans, Command Module PilotHarrison H. Schmitt, Lunar Module Pilot
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Apollo 12 - Nov. 14th - Nov. 24th (1969)Crew: Charles Conrad, Jr., CommanderRichard F. Gordon, Jr., Command Module PilotAlan L. Bean, Lunar Module Pilot
Apollo 14 - Jan. 31th - Feb. 9th (1971)Crew: Alan B. Shepard, Jr., CommanderStuart A. Roosa , Command Module PilotEdgar D. Mitchell, Lunar Module Pilot
Apollo 15 - Jul. 26th - Aug. 7th (1971)Crew: David R. Scott, CommanderAlfred M. Worden, Command Module Pilot
James B. Irwin, Lunar Module Pilot
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6. Light and Dark Areas6. Light and Dark AreasA cursory view of the moon«A cursory view of the moon«
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The light areas are heavily cratered,rocky, high land on the moon, known asthe Uplands. They cover 85% of the
moon¶s near side and almost all of themoon¶s far side.
The dark areas are called 'maria'. 'Maria'is a Latin word for 'seas', because it was
believ
ed that these dark areas wereactually seas. They are, instead,smoother, lower areas of land, withfewer impact craters. The cover 15% of the moon¶s near side and almost none of
the moon¶s far side.
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The key to all of this is:
The Moon's surface was first shapedby heavy meteorite bombardment,followed by lava floods.
All of the Moon used to look like thelight areas, heavily cratered. The lavaflows later filled in many of thecratered areas.
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7. As Bright as Asphalt7. As Bright as AsphaltThe moon shines by reflectedThe moon shines by reflected
sunlight«sunlight«
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The Moon¶s AlbedoThe Moon¶s Albedo
BrightnessNext to the sun, the full moon is thebrightest object in the heavens. However,
its surface is rough and brownish andreflects light very poorly. In fact, themoon is about the poorest reflector in thesolar system. The amount of lightreflected by a celestial object is called thealbedo (Latin: albus, white). The moonreflects only 7% of the sunlight that fallsupon it, so the albedo is 0.07.
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8. Phases of the Moon8. Phases of the MoonIt all adds up to 29.53 days«It all adds up to 29.53 days«
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Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon
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9. Eclipses9. EclipsesEnjoy them while they last«Enjoy them while they last«
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Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse
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Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse
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Solar Eclipse Collage 2002Solar Eclipse Collage 2002
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Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse
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Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse
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It is quite remarkable that total solar eclipseseven occur at all. They are possible because theSun and the Moon appear from Earth to be aboutthe same size in the sky.
The Sun, whose diameter is 400 times that of theMoon, happens to be about 400 times as far awayfrom the Earth. This condition permits the Moon to just barely cover up the Sun.
In fact, if the Moon's diameter (2,160 miles) were just 140 miles less, it would not be large enoughto ever completely cover the Sun -- a total solareclipse could never happen anywhere on Earth!
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10. Moonstruck!:10. Moonstruck!:Luna, Lunacy, LooneyLuna, Lunacy, Looney ± ±
The Lunar Effect?The Lunar Effect?Correlation does not meanCorrelation does not mean
causation«causation«
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Moonstruck! Does the full moonMoonstruck! Does the full moon
influence behavior?influence behavior?
No. CorrelationCorrelationdoes notdoes not
necessarily meannecessarily meancausation«causation«
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Bonus!Bonus!
11. Faces in the Moon11. Faces in the MoonThis is the moon beforeany outline is drawn.
Use this as a reference tovisualize upcomingshapes.
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Woman in the MoonWoman in the Moon
Every person may
see the image a littledifferently. Length of hair and the shape of her face may vary.
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Man Reading a BookMan Reading a Book
This
view may
varydepending on your
earthly location.
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The Bogeyman MoonThe Bogeyman Moon
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Rabbit in the MoonRabbit in the Moon
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Man in the MoonMan in the Moon