TEN° The new 10° Binning - OSRAM · TEN°–The new 10°binning | OS GL S EEM AE January 2018 13...
Transcript of TEN° The new 10° Binning - OSRAM · TEN°–The new 10°binning | OS GL S EEM AE January 2018 13...
TEN° – The new 10° Binning
General Lighting
Light is OSRAM
www.osram-os.com
CONFIDENTIAL
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
2
What is TEN°?
TEN° is the name of the new OSRAM OS feature and binning to ensure
that maximum color differences are kept within 3UNITS in the CIE 2015
10° u’v’ color space. This ensures unprecedented color consistency
especially if the spectral composition of the white light is different
between LEDs e.g. due to different blue wavelengths of the chip.
CIE
19
31
2°
y
CIE 1931 2° x
CIE 1931 2° xy
Planckian Locus
27S3
30S3
35S3
40S3
45S3
50S3
57S3
65S3
CIE
20
15
10
°v' F
,10
CIE 2015 10° u'F,10
CIE 2015 10° u'F,10v'F,10
Planckian Locus
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
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Why do we need the TEN° binning and a new color
space?
Imagine you are illuminating a scene with spotlights and their white looks
different. You are measuring and the color coordinates are not only within
1SDCM but exactly the same .. Still they look different!
… How can this happen?
0,394
0,396
0,398
0,400
0,402
0,404
0,406
0,408
0,410
0,412
0,414
0,427 0,432 0,437 0,442 0,447y
x
CIE 1931 2° xy3000K 1SDCM
3000K 3SDCM
LED CRI80 450nm
Black Body Radiator3000K
LED CRI70 450nm
LED CRI90 450nm
LED CRI80 440nm
LED CRI80 445nm
LED CRI80 455nm
LED CRI80 460nm
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
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How do we define a color space?
The CIE 1931 2° Color matching functions
In order to measure the color of light the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric
observer was defined. Based on color matching experiments and
transformations the x, y, z color matching functions have been derived.
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
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How do we define a color space?
The CIE 1931 2° color space
Based on the 1931 2° CMF the 1931 2° color space was formed. This is the
standard color space that every one is using for the binning of LEDs.
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
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390 450 510 570 630 690 750
Inte
nsit
y
Wavelength [nm]
Spectral Power Distribution of different LEDs with 3000K
Black Body Radiator3000K
LED CRI80 450nm
LED CRI80 440nm
LED CRI80 445nm
LED CRI80 455nm
LED CRI80 460nm
390 450 510 570 630 690 750
Inte
nsit
y
Wavelength [nm]
Spectral Power Distribution of different LEDs with 3000K
Black Body Radiator3000K
LED CRI70 450nm
LED CRI80 450nm
LED CRI90 450nm
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730
Tri
sti
mu
lus v
alu
es
Wavelength [nm]
Tristimulus values for CIE 1931 2°
CIE 1931 2° x
CIE 1931 2° y
CIE 1931 2° z
0,394
0,396
0,398
0,400
0,402
0,404
0,406
0,408
0,410
0,412
0,414
0,427 0,432 0,437 0,442 0,447
y
x
CIE 1931 2° xy3000K 1SDCM
3000K 3SDCM
LED CRI80 450nm
Black Body Radiator3000K
LED CRI70 450nm
LED CRI90 450nm
LED CRI80 440nm
LED CRI80 445nm
LED CRI80 455nm
LED CRI80 460nm
Why can two light sources with exactly the same color
coordinates look different?
This problem is caused due to some inaccuracies in the CIE 1931 2° xy
color diagram. It may happen, that LEDs with different spectral
composition may be measured to have exactly the same color
coordinates but the visual perception still shows color differences!
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
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Our eye has a different receptor cell (cones) ratio and pigment density
over the viewing angle.
1931 2° Observer:
Field of view: ~ 17mm @ 0,5m
1964 10° Observer:
Field of view: ~ 90mm @ 0,5m
Most of the SSL applications provide a field of view of 10° or more!
Therefore an assessment of the white appearance based on 2° will always
be less representative than a comparison based on 10°!
Why do we see color differences even if the LEDs are
measured with exactly the same color coordinates?
10° Observer
2° Observer
Receptor cells (cones) in the retina
2° 10°
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
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Scientific data from CIE 170-1-2006 shows the optical pigment density
variation over field size:
More details on the optical density of the visual
pigments as a function of field size (CIE 170-1-2006)
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
ak
op
tic
al d
en
sit
y
Field size (degrees)
Peak optical density of the visual pigments as a function of field size (CIE 170-1-2006)
L-Pigments
M-Pigments
S-Pigments
Delta (L,M - S)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ra
tio
be
twe
en
L-,
M-p
igm
en
ts a
nd
S-p
igm
en
t
Field size (degrees)
Peak optical density ratio of the visual pigment between the L-,M-pigments and the S-pigment as a function of field size (CIE 170-1-2006)
Ratio (L,M vs S)
Receptor cells (cones) in the retina
10° Observer
2° Observer
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
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How do we define a better color space?
The CIE 2015 10° color matching functions
The 2° observer assumes a color judgment in the foveal field of
observation. But most applications offer a larger field of view. The
different concentration of cones leads to different color matching.
10°
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730
Tri
sti
mu
lus
va
lue
s
Wavelength [nm]
Tristimulus values for CIE 1931 2° and 2015 10° field size
CIE 1931 2° x
CIE 1931 2° y
CIE 1931 2° z
CIE 2015 10° xF,10
CIE 2015 10° yF,10
CIE 2015 10° zF,10
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
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Based on the 2006 10° CMF the 1964 10° color space was formed. This
color space is known for decades but never used for color binning in
general lighting.
How do we define a better color space?
The CIE 2015 10° color space
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730
Tri
sti
mu
lus
va
lue
s
Wavelength [nm]
Tristimulus values for CIE 1931 2° and 2015 10° field size
CIE 1931 2° x
CIE 1931 2° y
CIE 1931 2° z
CIE 2015 10° xF,10
CIE 2015 10° yF,10
CIE 2015 10° zF,10
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8
y
x
Chromaticity Diagram: 1931 2° and 2015 10°
1931 2° xy
1931 2° Black Body
3000K 20SDCM
2015 10° xy
2015 10° Black Body
3000K 20UNIT
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
11
390 450 510 570 630 690 750
Inte
nsit
y
Wavelength [nm]
Spectral Power Distribution of different LEDs with 3000K
Black Body Radiator3000K
LED CRI80 450nm
LED CRI80 440nm
LED CRI80 445nm
LED CRI80 455nm
LED CRI80 460nm
390 450 510 570 630 690 750
Inte
nsit
y
Wavelength [nm]
Spectral Power Distribution of different LEDs with 3000K
Black Body Radiator3000K
LED CRI70 450nm
LED CRI80 450nm
LED CRI90 450nm
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730
Tri
sti
mu
lus v
alu
es
Wavelength [nm]
Tristimulus values for CIE 2015 10° field size
CIE 2015 10° xF,10
CIE 2015 10° yF,10
CIE 2015 10° zF,10
0,385
0,387
0,389
0,391
0,393
0,395
0,397
0,399
0,401
0,403
0,405
0,434 0,439 0,444 0,449 0,454
yF,1
0
xF,10
CIE 2015 10° xF,10yF,103000K 1UNIT
3000K 3UNIT
LED CRI80 450nm
Black Body Radiator3000K
LED CRI70 450nm
LED CRI90 450nm
LED CRI80 440nm
LED CRI80 445nm
LED CRI80 455nm
LED CRI80 460nm
How can we solve this problem and measure more
accurately the visual impression of color differences?
Using the latest CIE 2015 fundamental chromaticity diagram with
physiological axes will ensure that the visible color differences are also
captured in the measurement and binning accordingly! The new color
matching functions are now summarizing the last 85 years of research.
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
12
How can we create a more uniform color space where
color differences in any direction are judged equally?
In 1976 the CIE proposed a transformation from the 1931 2° xy to the 1976
2° u’v’ color space. This transformations creates a new color space where
the MacAdam ellipses are circles and therefore the color space is more
uniform.
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8
y
x
Chromaticity Diagram: 1931 2° and 2015 10°
1931 2° xy
1931 2° Black Body
3000K 20SDCM
2015 10° xy
2015 10° Black Body
3000K 20UNIT
xy
to
u’v’
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7u
'
v'
Chromaticity Diagram: 1931 2° and 2015 10°
1931 2° u'v'
1931 2° Black Body
3000K 20SDCM
2015 10° u'v'
2015 10° Black Body
3000K 20UNIT
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
13
How big are possible color differences in current
standard binning measured in the 2015 10° u’v’
Even if the LED is binned in a 1SDCM MacAdam ellipse, the visible color
difference can be more than 3UNITS in u’v’!
3SDCM Binning 1SDCM Binning 3SDCM + TEN° Binning
0,370
0,375
0,380
0,385
0,390
0,372 0,377 0,382 0,387 0,392
y
x
CIE 1931 2° xy
4000K1SDCM
40S3
VirtualProductionData
0,370
0,375
0,380
0,385
0,390
0,372 0,377 0,382 0,387 0,392
y
x
CIE 1931 2° xy
4000K1SDCM
40S3
VirtualProductionData
0,370
0,375
0,380
0,385
0,390
0,372 0,377 0,382 0,387 0,392
y
x
CIE 1931 2° xy
4000K1SDCM
40S3
VirtualProductionData
0,497
0,498
0,499
0,500
0,501
0,502
0,503
0,504
0,505
0,506
0,507
0,226 0,228 0,230 0,232 0,234 0,236
v' F
,10
u'F,10
CIE 2015 10° u'F,10v'F,10
4000K1UNIT
4000K3UNIT
VirtualProductionData
0,497
0,498
0,499
0,500
0,501
0,502
0,503
0,504
0,505
0,506
0,507
0,226 0,228 0,230 0,232 0,234 0,236
v' F
,10
u'F,10
CIE 2015 10° u'F,10v'F,10
4000K1UNIT
4000K3UNIT
VirtualProductionData
0,497
0,498
0,499
0,500
0,501
0,502
0,503
0,504
0,505
0,506
0,507
0,226 0,228 0,230 0,232 0,234 0,236
v' F
,10
u'F,10
CIE 2015 10° u'F,10v'F,10
4000K1UNIT
4000K3UNIT
VirtualProductionData
Based on a simulated production distribution with 4000K
CRI80 and a blue wavelength variation of 15nm.
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
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Even if the LED is binned in a 1SDCM MacAdam ellipse, the visible color
difference can be more than 3UNITS in u’v’!
3SDCM Binning 1SDCM Binning 3SDCM + TEN° Binning
0,0000,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,008
1931 2° u'v' 2015 10° u'v'
du
'v' /
SD
CM
/ U
NIT
Worse case color difference: 1SDCM Binning
How big are worse case color differences in current
standard binning measured in the 2015 10° u’v’
0,497
0,498
0,499
0,500
0,501
0,502
0,503
0,504
0,505
0,506
0,507
0,226 0,228 0,230 0,232 0,234 0,236
v' F
,10
u'F,10
CIE 2015 10° u'F,10v'F,10
4000K1UNIT
4000K3UNIT
VirtualProductionData
0,497
0,498
0,499
0,500
0,501
0,502
0,503
0,504
0,505
0,506
0,507
0,226 0,228 0,230 0,232 0,234 0,236
v' F
,10
u'F,10
CIE 2015 10° u'F,10v'F,10
4000K1UNIT
4000K3UNIT
VirtualProductionData
0,497
0,498
0,499
0,500
0,501
0,502
0,503
0,504
0,505
0,506
0,507
0,226 0,228 0,230 0,232 0,234 0,236
v' F
,10
u'F,10
CIE 2015 10° u'F,10v'F,10
4000K1UNIT
4000K3UNIT
VirtualProductionData
Based on a simulated production distribution with 4000K
CRI80 and a blue wavelength variation of 15nm.
0,0000,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,008
1931 2° u'v' 2015 10° u'v'
du
'v' /
SD
CM
/ U
NIT
Worse case color difference:3SDCM Binning
0,0000,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,008
1931 2° u'v' 2015 10° u'v'd
u'v
' / S
DC
M /
UN
IT
Worse case color difference:3SDCM + TEN° Binning
Up to 7,4
Up to 4,9
TEN° – The new 10° binning | OS GL S EEM AE
January 2018
15
Let’s move together into a new era of LED white binning!
What standards are we using for our new TEN°
binning?
1.) CIE 170-1:2006: Fundamental Chromaticity
Diagram with Physiological Axes - Part 1
Use of the most recent and standardized
physiological meaningful color matching
functions from 2006.
2.) CIE 170-2:2015: Fundamental Chromaticity
Diagram with Physiological Axes – Part 2:
Spectral Luminous Efficiency Functions and
Chromaticity Diagrams
Use of the most recent chromaticity diagram for
the 10° observer.
3.) ISO 11664-5:2009(E) / CIE S 014-5/E:2009:
Colorimetry - Part 5: CIE 1976 L*u*v* Colour
Space and u', v' Uniform Chromaticity Scale
Diagram
Transformation from ellipses in xy to circles in
u’v’ using the CIE 1976 u’v’ UCS
transformation.
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Thank you.