Interaction between dark energy and dark matter Bin Wang Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity.
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Supporting Information
Aligning graphene in bulk copper: nacre-inspired
nanolaminated architecture coupled with in-situ
processing for enhanced mechanical properties and
high electrical conductivity
Mu Cao a, Ding-Bang Xiong a,*, Zhanqiu Tan a, Gang Ji b, Behnam Amin-Ahmadi c, Qiang Guo a,
Genlian Fan a, Cuiping Guo a, Zhiqiang Li a, and Di Zhang a,**
a State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
200240, China
b Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) CNRS UMR 8207, Université Lille1, 59655
Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
c Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp,
Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020- Antwerp, Belgium
* Corresponding auther
** Corresponding auther
E-mail address: [email protected] (Ding-Bang Xiong), [email protected] (Di
Zhang)
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Figure S1. SEM illustration of fabrication of nacre-inspired Gr/Cu nanolaminated composites.
Spherical Cu powder (a) was first transformed into flaky Cu powder (b) by a ball-milling
process. (c) The as-obtained flaky Cu powder was soaked in an anisole solution of PMMA
(typically less than 1wt%) and then dried in vacuum, forming a uniform PMMA coating on the
surface. (d) The coated PMMA was used as carbon source for in-situ growing graphene at
elevated temperature. (e) The Gr/Cu composite powder was self-assembled into green compact
by gravity and then hot-pressed. (f) The composite was further densified by a rolling process.
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Figure S2. SEM illustration of the surface of Gr/Cu composite powder obtained from (a) 0.1 wt
%, (b) 0.25 wt%, (c) 0.5 wt%, (d) 1.0 wt% anisole solution of PMMA.
Figure S3. Raman spectroscopy of graphene detached from the composite powder by etching the
Cu substrate.
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Figure S4. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the sp2-hybridized carbon orbitals
of graphene and indicated no chemical bonding between graphene and Cu in the as-obtained
Gr/Cu composite powder.
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Figure S5. An EBSD image of the controlled pure Cu sample, revealing equiaxed crystals with
an average size of ~2.02 μm.
Figure S6. Graphite nanoplates or few-layer graphene at interface with different thickness
controlled by the concentration of carbon source PMMA solution.
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Figure S7. Interface bonding strength test. SEM illustration of the fractured interface of (a), (b)
Cu-foil/CVD graphene/Cu-foil sample and (c), (d) Cu foil/ graphene oxide/Cu foil sample.
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Figure S8. Definition on Surface Roughness: (Left) Roughness (2D) parameter: arithmetical
mean deviation of the roughness profile (Ra); (b) Roughness (3D) parameter: arithmetic mean
height (Sa). 3D parameter is expanded from the roughness (2D) parameter Ra. It expresses the
average of the absolute values of Z(x,y) in the measured area. It is equivalent to the arithmetic
mean of the measured region on the three-dimensional display diagram when valleys have been
changed to peaks by conversion to absolute values. Source from
http://www.olympus-ims.com/en/knowledge/metrology/roughness/
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