Temperature and Flow Dynamics of the Klamath River Technical Memorandum 7 Leon Basdekas Mike Deas...
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Transcript of Temperature and Flow Dynamics of the Klamath River Technical Memorandum 7 Leon Basdekas Mike Deas...
Temperature and Flow Dynamics of the Klamath River
Technical Memorandum 7
Leon BasdekasMike Deas
Watercourse Engineering, Inc424 2nd Street, Suite B
Davis CA 95616
Modeling DomainLink Dam (RM 254)KR Keno
(RM 237)
KR Iron Gate (RM 190)
KR Seiad Valley (RM 129)
KR Orleans (RM 58)
KR Turwar(RM 5)
TR Hoopa(RM 12)
Pac
ific
Oce
an
TR Lewiston (RM 110)
Sac River Keswick (RM 301)
Focus of TM 7
Extent of Modeling Framework (PacifiCorp 2005a)
Link Dam (RM 254)KR Keno
(RM 237)
KR Iron Gate (RM 190)
KR Seiad Valley (RM 129)
KR Orleans (RM 58)
KR Turwar(RM 5)
TR Hoopa(RM 12)
Pac
ific
Oce
an
TR Lewiston (RM 110)
Sac River Keswick (RM 301)
Focus of TM 7
Extent of Modeling Framework (PacifiCorp 2005a)
Klamath River reaches represented by the global modeling framework and the current
area from Iron Gate Dam to Turwar
Modeling Tools
• The Research Management Associates (RMA) models were chosen for their ability to accurately simulate flow and transport in steep rivers.
• Flow is represented with RMA-2, a finite element hydrodynamic model capable of modeling highly dynamic flow regimes in short space- and time-steps. Output includes velocity, depth, and representative surface and bed areas which are passed to the water quality model RMA-11.
• RMA-11 is a finite element water quality model simulating temperature as well as the fate and transport of a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological constituents.
• These two linked river models are applied on hourly or sub-hourly time steps to capture the short-term response of state variables such as temperature. For this application, the RMA models are applied in one-dimension, representing variations along the longitudinal axis of the river.
Modifications Based on Prior Recommendations
• The RMA-11 code has been modified to allow for a bed conductance term in the heat budget consistent with Cole and Wells (2002) in response to a recommendation by USGS (Risley and Rounds, 2006); however, the model was generally insensitive to this change.
• Boundary conditions for minor tributaries below Iron Gate have been refined based on work by USGS (Flint and Flint 2005).
• Coincident with these updates, the model calibration has been updated and the new results are presented here.
Klamath River, Iron Gate Dam to Turwar Reach Geometry Summary
Node spacing 150 meters
Number of nodes
2082 nodes in length
Length 190.54 miles from RM 0.00-190.54
Elevations Range: 0-671 meters
Widths Range: 17-340 meters
Side slopes 1:1
Data sources UTM coordinates from CH2M HILL; Elevations estimated from USGS topographic maps
Notes n/a
Calibration and Validation Sites Along the Klamath River
LocationApproximate River
MileDistance Between
Locations
Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam 190.54 0.0
Klamath River above Shasta River 177.52 13.02
Klamath River above Scott River 143.86 33.66
Klamath River at Seiad Valley 129.04 14.82
Klamath River above Clear Creek 99.04 30
Klamath River at Orleans 57.58 41.46
Klamath River above Trinity River 43.33 14.25
Klamath River at Martins Ferry 39.5 3.83
Klamath River at Turwar 5.28 34.22
*Locations are associated with the river models RMA-2 and RMA-11
Summary Statistics for All Years in the Refined Calibration and the Updated
Validation: 2001-2004 (All Values in °C)
Location Mean Bias MAE RMSE
Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam -0.71 0.99 1.21
Klamath River above Shasta River -0.24 1.30 1.56
Klamath River above Scott River 0.14 1.21 1.44
Klamath River at Seiad Valley 0.58 1.01 1.23
Klamath River above Clear Creek 0.48 1.16 1.37
Klamath River at Orleans 0.32 1.00 1.23
Klamath River above Trinity River -0.01 0.91 1.12
Klamath River at Martins Ferry 0.04 0.56 0.70
Klamath River at Turwar 0.65 1.13 1.46
average 0.14 1.03 1.26
maximum 0.65 1.30 1.56
minimum -0.71 0.56 0.70
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
5 30 55 80 105 130 155 180 205 230 255
River Mile
An
nu
al F
low
(M
AF
)
Trin
ity R
.
Sal
mon
R.
Sco
tt R
.
Sha
sta
R.
Iron
Gat
e D
am
J.C
. B
oyle
Dam
Ken
o D
am
Link
Dam
Cop
co D
am
Annual Runoff: 2000
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
5 30 55 80 105 130 155 180 205 230 255
River Mile
Flo
w (M
AF
)
Trin
ity R
.
Sal
mon
R.
Sco
tt R
.
Sha
sta
R.
Iron
Gat
e D
am
J.C
. B
oyle
Dam
Ken
o D
am
Link
Dam
Cop
co D
am
Seasonal Flow: 2000
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
5 30 55 80 105 130 155 180 205 230 255
River Mile
An
nu
al
Flo
w (
MA
F)
Tri
nity
R.
Sa
lmo
n R
.
Sco
tt R
.
Sh
ast
a R
.
Iro
n G
ate
Da
m
J.C
. Bo
yle
Da
mK
en
o D
am
Lin
k D
am
Co
pco
Da
m
Annual Flow: 2001
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
5 30 55 80 105 130 155 180 205 230 255
River Mile
Flo
w (
MA
F)
Tri
nity
R.
Sa
lmo
n R
.
Sco
tt R
.
Sh
ast
a R
.
Iro
n G
ate
Da
m
J.C
. Bo
yle
Da
mK
en
o D
am
Lin
k D
am
Co
pco
Da
m
Seasonal Flow: 2001
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Time Series of Hourly Water Temperature for the Klamath River at RM 150, Above Scott
River
RM 150
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 Jan30 Feb 29 Mar 30 Apr 29 May 29 Jun 28 Jul 28 Aug 27 Sep 26 Oct 26 Nov 25 Dec 24
Day
Tem
per
atu
re (
°C)
Longitudinal Profile of Daily Maximum, Mean, and Minimum Water Temperatures in
the Klamath River for February 15
Longitudinal Profile Plan View
12-13C13-1414-1515-1616-1717-18
Iron Gate Dam
Shasta River Scott River
Salmon River
.
Trinity R.
Turwar
Travel Time on the Klamath River on May 1
Shasta
Riv
er
Salm
on Riv
er
Scott River
Trinity
Riv
erRM 147.37
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
5152535455565758595105115125135145155165175185
River Mile
Ho
urs
Mean Node
Travel time on the Klamath River on June 1
RM 153.31
Shasta
Riv
er
Salm
on Riv
er
Scott River
Trinity
Riv
er
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
5152535455565758595105115125135145155165175185
River Mile
Ho
urs
Mean Node
Travel time on the Klamath River on September 1
Shasta
Riv
er
Salm
on Riv
er
Scott River
Trinity
Riv
er
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
5152535455565758595105115125135145155165175185
River Mile
Ho
urs
Mean
Conclusions
• Flow and temperature model has been refined, calibrated and validated.
• Model performance is good and the tool is ready for specific applications.
• The river experiences variability longitudinally and seasonally
• Iron Gate Dam is limited in its ability to regulate temperature and flow throughout the entire lower Klamath River.