Temper Embrittlement of Pressure Vessel Steels

Temper Embrittlement of Pressure Vessel Steels BY R. A. SWIFT AND J. A. GULYA Pressure vessel steels and weld metals operating up to 1100 F vary in tendency to temper embrittlement depending on composition, structure, heat treatment and, in submerged arc welding, the choice of flux R. A. SWIFT is Research Engineer and J. A. GULYA is Supervisor, Alloy Research, Lukens Steel Company, Coatesvi/le, Pa. ABSTRACT. Temper embrittlement is a particularly important consideration for steels used in high pressure con- tainment vessels operating in the temperature range of 600 to 1100 F. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation of commonly used pressure vessel steels and weld metals was undertaken. The steels investigated include C-Mo, Mn-Mo, Mn-Mo- Ni and Cr-Mo steels. Weld metals include C-Mo, Mn-Mo and Cr-Mo com- positions. A total of 95 composition- treatment combinations, including 20 composition-treatment combinations of weld metal, have been evaluated. Of the materials tested, susceptibility to temper embrittlement varied with composition, structure, and heat treatment. The susceptibility was low- er for the C-Mo and Mn-Mo steels than for the Mn-Mo-Ni and Cr-Mo steels. The addition of Ni to Mn-Mo apparently increases susceptibility to embrittlement. Within the scope of the tests reported herein, no firm trends in the effects of As, Sb, P, and Sn on the susceptibility to temper embrittlement are observed. The results of embrittlement tests on the weld metal were similar to those obtained for the corresponding plate steels. However, flux is a critical factor in determining susceptibility. It was shown that the susceptibility of weld metal is generally more severe than that of the base metal. Table 1—Specifications and Chemical Analysis of Materials Investigated Type C-Mo ASTM Specs (a) A204C Mn-Mo A302B A302B, A533A A302C, A533B 1 Cr-Mo A387B 2V4Cr-Mo A387D, A542 3Cr-Mo None None A387E Form Plate Weld™ Plate Weld ,b| Plate Plate Plate Plate Weld |b| Weld |b) Plate Plate Plate Weld |b) Weld ,b) Plate . Weld (b » Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Heat Mn A2948 .36 .73 (RACO) .06 1.02 B5217 .19 1.34 (Linde) .07 1.32 A4069 .20 1.20 C4689 .21 1.27 C4694 .24 1.32 15756 .19 (RACO) .06 (L&R) .11 .13 12 .12 .13 .12 .12 B6730 A2766 A3588 (L&R-1) (L&R-2) C6669 (L&R-3) - (L-105) (C '11 A9367 .12 (L-104) (c) 13 B3683 .12 A2966 .14 .57 .80 .43 .46 48 .50 53 .44 .46 .47 .49 .39 .51 .40 .43 .023 .009 .023 .015 .023 .008 .016 .012 .018 .009 .016 .015 .024 .012 .022 .017 .018 .015 .012 .017 .024 .011 .020 .009 .025 .021 .011 .009 .014 .015 .010 .011 .017 .017 .015 .010 .020 .008 .008 .009 .010 .010 Cu 24 .29 .25 .12 .11 .12 .11 .22 .24 .20 .17 .18 ,16 .16 .15 .17 .16 .19 .15 .19 23 .15 .23 .45 26 .43 .24 .25 .15 .30 .57 .35 .21 .26 .26 .27 .22 .21 .20 .29 .24 .31 .26 .29 Ni .13 08 .13 .04 .08 .56 .56 .13 .19 .16 .17 ,18 .20 .17 .18 .48 Cr .07 .05 .10 .08 2.06 2.27 2.28 2.25 .17 .31 .22 30 .11 Mo .03 .54 ,14 .49 .05 .47 .07 .47 .60 .55 .21 1.11 .51 .14 1.34 .54 .20 1.34 .49 .96 .88 .95 .95 .96 .95 .92 .97 .98 .18 3.12 .48 .17 3.00 .89 .22 2.90 .93 Al .015 .013 .042 .008 .031 .014 .019 .023 .013 As Sb Sn .018 .016 .008 .007 .008 .005 .007 .009 .015 .027 .0026 .024 .0023 .0034 .024 .0032 .0029 .012 .0025 21.0 (l 18.6" .017 18.7 (( — 20.9 18.5 «J) .012 .00015 .00 9.3 .012 .011 .0001 .00 10.2 .023 .018 .0040 .015 19.8 .010 .025 .0025 .013 18.9 (a) Related plate specifications (b) Sub-arc welds (c) Laboratory melts (d) "X calculated assuming 0 015% Sn WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT! 57-s

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Transcript of Temper Embrittlement of Pressure Vessel Steels

TemperEmbrittlementofPressureVesselSteels BYR.A.SWI FTANDJ.A.GULYA Pressurevesselsteelsandweldmetalsoperatingupto1100Fvaryin tendencytotemperembrittlementdependingoncomposition,structure, heattreatmentand,insubmergedarcwelding,thechoiceofflux R.A.SWIFTisResearchEngineerand J. A.GULYA is Supervisor, AlloyResearch, Lukens Steel Company,Coatesvi/le, Pa. ABSTRACT.Tempere mb r i t t l e me n tis apar t i cul ar l yi mpor t antcons i der at i on forst eel susedi nhi ghpr essur econ -t ai n me n tvessel soper at i ngi nt he t emper at ur er angeof600t o1100F. Ont hi sbasi s,acompr ehensi ve eval uat i onofcommonl yusedpr es-surevesselst eel sandwe l dmet al s wasunder t aken.Thest eel si nvest i -gat edi ncl udeC-Mo,Mn - Mo,Mn - Mo-NiandCr -Most eel s.We l dmet al si n -cl udeC-Mo,Mn - MoandCr -Mocom-posi t i ons.At ot alof95compos i t i on-t r eat mentcombi nat i ons,i ncl udi ng20 compos i t i on-t r eat mentcombi nat i ons ofwe l dmet al ,havebeeneval uat ed. Oft hemat er i al st est ed,suscept i -bi l i t yt ot emperembr i t t l ementvar i ed wi t hcomposi t i on,st r uct ur e,andheat t r eat ment .Thesuscept i bi l i t ywasl ow-erfort heC-MoandMn - Most eel s t hanfort heMn - Mo- NiandCr -Mo st eel s.Theaddi t i onofNit oMn - Mo appar ent l yi ncreasessuscept i bi l i t yt o embr i t t l ement .Wi t hi nt hescopeof t het est sr epor t edher ei n,nof i r m t r endsi nt heeffect sofAs ,Sb,P,and Snont hesuscept i bi l i t yt ot empere m-br i t t l ementareobser ved. Ther esul t sofembr i t t l ementt est s ont hewe l dmet alwe r esi mi l art o t hoseobt ai nedfort hecor r espondi ng pl at est eel s.However ,fl uxisacr i t i cal fact ori ndet er mi ni ngsuscept i bi l i t y.It wass hownt hatt hesuscept i bi l i t yof we l dmet alisgener al l ymor esevere t hant hatoft hebasemet al . Table1SpecificationsandChemi calAnalysisofMateri al sInvesti gated Type C-Mo ASTM Specs(a) A204C Mn-MoA302B A302B, A533A A302C, A533B 1 Cr-MoA387B 2V4Cr-MoA387D, A542 3Cr-Mo None None A387E Form Plate Wel d Plate Wel d, b | Plate Plate Plate Plate Wel d| b | Wel d| b ) Plate Plate Plate Wel d| b) Wel d, b) Plate. Weld(b Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate HeatMn A2948.36.73 (RACO).061.02 B5217.191.34 (Linde).071.32 A4069.201.20 C4689.211.27 C4694.241.32 15756.19 (RACO).06 (L&R).11 .13 12 .12 .13 .12 .12 B6730 A2766 A3588 (L&R-1) (L&R-2) C6669 (L&R-3)-(L-105)(C'11 A9367.12 (L-104)(c)13 B3683.12 A2966.14 .57 .80 .43 .46 48 .50 53 .44 .46 .47 .49 .39 .51 .40 .43 .023.009 .023.015 .023.008 .016.012 .018.009 .016 .015 .024 .012 .022 .017 .018 .015 .012 .017 .024 .011 .020 .009 .025 .021 .011 .009 .014 .015 .010 .011 .017 .017 .015 .010 .020 .008 .008 .009 .010 .010 Cu 24 .29 .25 .12 .11 .12 .11 .22 .24 .20 .17 .18 ,16 .16 .15 .17 .16 .19 .15 .19 23 .15 .23 .45 26 .43 .24 .25 .15 .30 .57 .35 .21 .26 .26 .27 .22 .21 .20 .29 .24 .31 .26 .29 Ni .13 08 .13 .04 .08 .56 .56 .13 .19 .16 .17 ,18 .20 .17 .18 .48 Cr .07 .05 .10 .08 2.06 2.27 2.28 2.25 .17 .31 .22 30 .11 Mo .03 .54 ,14.49 .05.47 .07.47 .60 .55 .211.11.51 .141.34.54 .201.34.49 .96 .88 .95 .95 .96 .95 .92 .97 .98 .183.12.48 .173.00.89 .222.90.93 Al .015 .013 .042 .008 .031 .014 .019 .023 .013 AsSbSn .018 .016 .008 .007 .008 .005 .007 .009 .015 .027.0026 .024.0023 .0034 .024 .0032 .0029 .012.0025 21.0(l 18.6" .01718.7(( 20.9 18.5 J) .012.00015.009.3 .012.011.0001.0010.2 .023.018.0040.01519.8 .010.025.0025.01318.9 (a)Relatedplatespecifications (b)Sub-arcwelds (c)Laboratorymelts (d)"Xcalculatedassuming0015%Sn WE L D I N GRE S E A RCHS U P P L E M E N T !57- s +240 +200 +160 +120 +80 t i 1 o < o CM | ri < o m co -H'< < < o

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