Tematyka - Amazon S3...•‘To kill two birds with one stone ... extreme pain of a surgical...

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Tematyka: Przegląd wszystkich istotnych czasów w języku angielskim 16 idiomów angielskich Zacznij myśleć po angielsku

Transcript of Tematyka - Amazon S3...•‘To kill two birds with one stone ... extreme pain of a surgical...

Page 1: Tematyka - Amazon S3...•‘To kill two birds with one stone ... extreme pain of a surgical procedure without anesthetic, though evidence for biting a bullet rather than a leather

Tematyka:

Przegląd wszystkich istotnych czasów w języku angielskim

16 idiomów angielskich

Zacznij myśleć po angielsku

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Mniej znaczy więcej!!!Czyli: gdzie się podziała pokora nauczycieli?

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NIESPODZIANKAPOWTÓRKA Z

POPRZEDNIEGO WEBINARU

J

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FUNDAMENTtо

CZASOWNIKI

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FUNDAMENTTrzy formy czasowników regularnychto work worked worked

Trening trzech form czasowników nieregularnych

to go went goneto buy bouhgt boughtto cut cut cut

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I workED I work I WILL work

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If she … (comes), we will … (go).

postawieniewarunku

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FUNDAMENTTrzy formy czasowników regularnychto work worked worked

Trening trzech form czasowników nieregularnych

to go went goneto buy bouhgt boughtto cut cut cut

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bring brought brought przynosić

buy bought bought kupować

catch caught caught łapać

fight fought fought walczyć

seek sought sought szukać, poszukać

teach taught taught uczyć kogoś

think thought thought myśleć, zastanawiać się

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Słowa określające czas –przeszłość, przyszłość,

teraz, przedtem, potem, jutro, wczoraj – WRAZ Z

KONSTRUKTEM: TZW. TRÓJPAKczyli mini SixPack

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Znajdź przyjaciół J

Krótka lista rzeczowników treningowych + tzw. słowa-przyjaciele, czyli takie, które rozumiemy, gdyż są podobne do znanych nam słów (komputer, hotel, etc.) –(ewentualnie z liczbą mnogą)

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Zupa, telefon, technika, szef (boss), sytuacja, seria, sekcja, rezultat, restauracja, program, profesor, produkt, pozycja, port, polityka, policja, plan, organizacja, operacja, oferta, ocean, numer, natura, naturalny, model, minuta, metal, materiał, maszyna, litr, literatura, kultura, kryzys, kopia, kontrola, komunikacja, klasa, kapitan, insekt, gaz, funkcja, fraza, forma, film,

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STRONA BIERNA - PASSIVE VOICE

Stronę bierną w języku angielskim tworzymy podobnie jak w

języku polskim za pomocą czasownika być (to be) oraz

imiesłowu czasu przeszłego (Past Participle).

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STRONA BIERNA - PASSIVE VOICE

Stronę bierną w języku angielskim tworzymy podobnie jak w

języku polskim za pomocą czasownika być (to be) oraz

imiesłowu czasu przeszłego (Past Participle).

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15 NAJBARDZIEJ POPULARNYCH

ZWROTÓW I

IDIOMÓWW JĘZYKU

ANGIELSKIM

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THE STORY nr 1 BEGINS…

• Speak of the devil

• Biting off more than you can chew

• Devil’s advocate

• Time is money

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• ‘Speak of the devil’ – this means that the person you’re just talking about actually appears at that moment.“Hi Tom, speak of the devil, I was just telling Sara about your new car.”• Biting off more than you can chew

Meaning: Not having the capacity to take on a new assignment or task that is just too taxing• Devil’s advocate

Meaning: To take the side of the counter-argument, or offer an alternative point of view• Time is money

Meaning: Work faster or more efficiently

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• I really appreciate…

I really appreciate your help.

Thanks so much. I really appreciate you giving me the advice.

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• What do you think?

THE STORY nr 2 BEGINS…• I’m not sure if we should do it. It’s so

difficult. What do you think?

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•No pain, no gain

•Piece of cake

•Giving the benefit of the doubt

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• How does that sound?

THE STORY nr 3 BEGINS…

•We could have dinner at 6, and then go to a movie.

How does that sound?

•That sounds great.That sounds

fantastic!

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• Pulling someone’s leg

• I was pulling your leg… J

• This idiom originated in England in the 1800s. Street robbers used to ‘pull someone’s leg’ using a wire which would cause the person to trip up. When they were on the floor, another street robber would steal the victim’s money and valuables. Over time, people started to trip each other up as a way of making them stumble, knock into other people and look foolish.

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• ‘To cost an arm and a leg• ‘To feel under the weather’• ‘To kill two birds with one stone’• ‘To cut corners’• ‘To add insult to injury’

– to make a situation worse.“To add insult to injury the car drove off without stopping after knocking me off my bike.”

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THE STORY nr 4 BEGINS…

• A snowball effect

• You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink

• It takes two to tango

• Like riding a bike

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• I just don’t understand.

• (Oh) never mind.

“it doesn’t matter” or “just forget it.”

• Thank you. That helps a lot.

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• What does _____ mean?

• ‘You can’t judge a book by its cover’

• What does “cover” mean?

• ‘To hit the nail on the head’

• ‘Break a leg’

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• Could you repeat that please?

• Could you please repeat that?• Could you repeat that please?

• Could you please talk slower?

Native speakers can talk very fast. Fast English is hard to understand! This is an easy way to ask someone to speak more slowly.

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• ‘Bite the bullet’

• Bite the bullet. ... It is often stated that it is derived historically from the practice of having a patient clench a bullet in his or her teeth as a way to cope with the extreme pain of a surgical procedure without anesthetic, though evidence for biting a bullet rather than a leather strap during surgery is sparse. So soldiers bit the bullet to be able to endure the pain of surgery without anaesthesia.

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• How do you spell that?

• I’ll be with you in a moment.

• (Oh really?) Actually, I thought…When you disagree with someone, “Actually, I thought…” will make you sound kinder and more polite than saying “No” or “You’re wrong.”

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•I’m (just) about to [verb]…

I’m about to go and pick up some coffee. Do you want anything?

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• ‘The last straw’ (= That’s enough!)

The last straw in their relationship was when he physically abused her. She walked out after that.

• ‘Let someone off the hook’

•Call it a day’

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NIESPODZIANKAPOWTÓRKA Z

POPRZEDNIEGO WEBINARU

J

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Wymawiamy [e:] jak w wyrazie

birdBardzo wiele błędów w wymowie tego dźwięku,

tzn. czytamy jak w ortografii, po polsku… a dźwięk jest „wycofane E”

shirtbirthearnjourneycourtesyamateurburnheard

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„wycofane E” [e:]

PoćwiczmyFirst come first servedLudzie będą obsługiwaniu w kolejności zgłoszeń/ aplikacji etc.

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JAK MYŚLEĆ PO ANGIELSKU?

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1. Metoda proponowana przez BBC w celu osiągania płynności językowej: JAM = just a minute- mów przez 1 minutę na byle jaki temat (sport, hobby, sąsiedzi,

rodzina, szkoła, itp.). (U nas to jest ANGLOTOK) - Nie staraj się mówić poprawnie, ale nie przerywaj nawet jak

mówisz bez sensu

- nie powtarzaj się – cały czas mów dalej

- nie zapisuj niczego – skoncentruj się na mówieniu - My favorite mode of transport is my bicycle. I like to ride my bicycle

because it is good for my health.nad I meet a lot of interesting people. We talk about our bikes. My sister doesn’t ride a bicycle. She is lazy. She likes cars. For example right now she is in his boyfriend’s car. I don’t know where they are going. Maybe they want to see California. California is in the USA ….)

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JAM = just a minute

- dopiero teraz zanotuj, to co pamiętasz ze swojej nonsesownej przemowy: kilka głównych punktów

- powtórz swoją przemowę patrząc na te notatki i rozwiń trochę swoją wypowiedż

- jeszcze raz porób notatki – znajdź miejsca, gdzie możesz wprowadzić poprawki

- a teraz mów jeszcze raz przez 1 minutę starając się mówić bardziej poprawnie

- i na koniec powtórz to wszystko, nagraj i posłuchaj

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2. Trenuj mózg – pamiętaj, że mózg człowieka UWIELBIA się uczyć nowych rzeczy (ewolucja!)

- ucz się całych wrażeń, a nie pojedynczych słówek

- mów głośno sam do siebie po angielsku (nawet przed lustrem)

- nagrywaj się i odsłuchuj dopóki nie będziesz zadowolony (patrz JAM).

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3. Może bardziej się skupić na sposobie nauki dodając coś nowego.Proponuję metodę CRS (cel, różnorodność systematyczność):- CEL: wyobraź sobie w jakim celu przyda ci się angielski: jedziesz na wakacje? Poznałeś fajnego cudzoziemca/ Zdajesz egzamin? Itd.-

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RÓZNORODNOŚĆ: łącz słuchanie, mówienie, czytanie i pisanie. Np. na YT włącz piosenkę z lyrics (napisami). Posłuchaj przez 30 sekund. Odtwórz raz jeszcze i śpiewaj razem z wykonawcą patrząc na napisy. Powtórz to 1-2 razy. Na koniec zapisz tyle tekstu ile zapamiętałeś. Np. Let it be – The Beatles jest łatwe i śpiewane powoli. Jeśli nie rozumiesz –znajdź w GOOGLE tłumaczenie- SYTEMATYCZNOŚĆ – nie ucz się od razu długo ale rzadko. Lepiej 2-3 razy dziennie po 10-15 minut – szybko to się stanie twoim nawykiem, bez którego życie będzie nudne.

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TRUE FRIENDS

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Zupa, telefon, technika, szef (boss), sytuacja, seria, sekcja, rezultat, restauracja, program, profesor, produkt, pozycja, port, polityka, policja, plan, organizacja, operacja, oferta, ocean, numer, natura, naturalny, model, minuta, metal, materiał, maszyna, litr, literatura, kultura, kryzys, kopia, kontrola, komunikacja, klasa, kapitan, insekt, gaz, funkcja, fraza, forma, film,

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5. HOW TO THINK IN ENGLISH?

Step 1:myśl pojedynczymi słowami pasującymi do danej sytuacji: rano - bathroom,bed, coffee, toothbrush, eat, breakfast, shoes(do 10 słowa za każdym razem)

Step 2:myśl całymi zdaniami - np. przy śniadaniu: I'm drinking coffee; My sister is looking at me ...

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5. HOW TO THINK IN ENGLISH?

Step 3:myśl językiem funkcjonalnym - np. jesteś w kinie i chcesz kupić bilet, albo w restauracji prosisz o dolanie kawy ... Can I have more…

Step 4: myśl językiem narracyjnym - np. opisujesz przyjacielowi swój dzień, albo podzielić się jakimś wspomnieniem

Ważne: te wszystkie kroki wykonujemy w myślach - nie musimy nic mówić ani się wstydzić toczenia - pełny relaks

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5. JAK SIĘ UCZYĆ? (reverse method)

Przypomnij sobie jak wygląda Twój typowy dzień i URUCHOM WYOBRAŹNIĘ, ALBO ĆWICZ Z BLISKĄ OSOBĄ:

Dzień dobry KochanieJak minęła noc - czy dobrze spałeś? (pytania -satysfakcja albo narzekanie)DID YOU SLEEP WELL?

Śniadanie - propozycja, akceptacja, odmowa, pomocWHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO HAVE FOR BREAKFAST? (SRUMBLED EGGS - MAY BE)••

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Powrót z pracy: (narracja przeszła) PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS - rozliczaniePrzywitanie HELLO I'M BACKJak minął dzień? HOW WAS YOUR DAY?I HAD A WONDERFUL DAY. AND I MET MY OLD BOY-FRIEND. HE MARRIED MY BETS FRIEND TWO YEARS AGO

Czy zrobiłeś/zrobiłaś zakupy? PERFECTCzy ugotowałaś obiad?HAVE YOU COOKED ANYTHING FOR DINNER?

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A możemy zjeść na mieście? CAN / MAY- zgoda / odmowa - WHY NOT?CAN WE EAT OUT TONIGHT?

PLANY NA JUTRO - will /be going toMuszę się przygotować?Mam jutro spotkanie?I HAVE TO GET READY FOR TOMORROW. I'M GOING TO MEET A NEW POTENTIAL CUSTOMER.

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OGÓLNE:Za dużo pracujesz!!!Powinniśmy wyjechać gdzieś na wakacje.YOU WORK TOO MUCH WE SHOULD GO ON VACATIONPrzecież zaoszczędziliśmy na nowym samochodzie. (SAVE-UP) Dzięki twoim rodzicom...(I LIKE / LOVE / HATE - FEELINGS)

Także:ROZKAZY i PROŚBY:Do it! Let's do it! Please, do not go there!

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• Myślenie w obcym języku to nie tylko banał.• Można to ćwiczyć. Pomaga, ale może nie

zawsze tego chcemy. Doświadczenie uczy, że po jakimś czasie używanie obcego języka przerzucamy się niejako na inny tryb.• Możemy to ćwiczyć.• 1. Jeśli jesteś początkujący, ćwicz tak.

Widzisz przed sobą drzewo, powiedz w myślach (a nawet na głos) tree, jeśli nie przychodzi ci do głowy konkretne słowo, mów wood, green, plant. Nazywaj tak budynki, pojazdy, miejsca. Po prostu patrz i nazywaj, żeby kojarzyły ci się one też z obcymi słowami (które chcesz, aby stały się twoje).

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• 2 Następnie przejdź do fraz i zdań. Mów np. Przechodzę teraz przez ulice I’m crossing the street now. Mów sobie w głowie po angielsku, np. I’m waiting for a bus, drinkingcoffee, watching television.• 3 Jeżeli nie uda ci się czegoś powiedzieć po

angielsku/ w obcym języku, zapisz/ zapamiętaj i potem sprawdź w słowniku. Zapisuj tak rzeczywistość otaczającą cię w obcym języku. Nie trzeba na to poświęcać bardzo dużo czasu, raczej liczy się systematyczność, tzn. rób to zawsze, jak jedziesz tramwajem. • 4 Zacznij różnicować czasy opowiadania

sobie rzeczywistości, np. na przeszły Thismorning I woke up late. I was in a hurry. I didn’t want to be late for work. Te sytuacjmają być prawdziwe! Nie wymyślaj czegoś, co się nie wydarzyło.

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• Zacznij używać słowników jednojęzycznych. Jest ich całe mnóstwo w Internecie. Nie chodzi o to, żebyś zaniechał słowników dwujęzycznych! Bynajmniej! • Po prostu zobacz, jak dane słowo jest

opisywane w języku obcym/ angielskim. Jak ci leksykografowie kombinują, żeby wyjaśniać określone słowa, nawet jak już nasz dane słowo. To jest właśnie obracanie się/myślenie w ramach danego języka obcego. Poszukaj np. oczywistego słowa bank

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• Przykładowe hasło z Merriam-Webster'sLearner's Dictionary• a business where people keep their money,

borrow money, etc., or the building where such a business operates• Our paychecks are deposited in/into

the bank automatically.• How much money do you have in the bank?• My cousin works in/at a bank.• I have to go to the bank today.•• Masz tutaj wyjaśnienie i przykłady. Tak

właśnie wygląda to jednojęzycznie. Analizuj to, a zobaczysz jak widzi to native speaker.

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Przeczytaj książkę/ choćby opowiadanie. Po prostu przeczytaj. Nie sprawdzaj słów, choćbyś rozumiał tylko 10—20 procent tekstu. Wymaga cierpliwości, ale to bardzo ciekawe doświadczenie. Niektórzy się wgryzają po kilku stornach, nie tłumaczą tylko chłoną to, co są w stanie zrozumieć. Oczywiście mamy różne preferencje. Proponuję na początek Pulp Charlesa Bukowskiego. Poniżej kawałek dialogu z tej powieści

I picked up the phone.

“Belane Detective Agency….”

“My name is Grovers, Hal Grovers, I need your help. The police laugh at me.”

“What is it, Mr. Grovers?”

“A space alien is after me.”

“Ha, ha, ha, Mr. Grovers, come on now…”

“You see, everybody laughs at me!”

“Sorry Grovers. But before you talk to me any more I gotta tell you my fee.”

“What is it?”

“6 dollars an hour.”

“That doesn’t seem to be a problem.”

“No rubber checks or you’ll be carrying your walnuts in a sack, got it?”

“Money is not my problem,” he said, “it’s this woman.”

“What woman, Grovers?”

“Hell, the one we’re talking about, this space alien.”

“The space alien is a woman?”

“Yeah, yeah…”

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Nie ma myślenia w obcym języku bez kontekstu, tzn. kultura szeroko pojęta jest niezbędna. Język ma charakter naturalny (nie sztuczny, jak np. język flagowy czy matematyka). Oznacza to, że rozwijaj się i zmienia wraz z kulturą. Trzeba wejść w kulturę, by myśleć w obcym języku. Można to zrobić na różne sposoby. Kultura to szerokie słów: możesz czytać, ale możesz też oglądać. Możesz oglądać mecz komentowany w obcym języku, możesz przeczytać kawałek gazety, obejrzeć prosty serial. Rozmawiaj z ludźmi – oni są nośnikami kultury i jej twórcami.

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MYŚLEĆ PO ANGIELSKU…

JAK „ODCZUWANIE” KONSTRUKCJI JĘZYKOWWYCH MOŻE POMÓC?

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STRONA BIERNA - PASSIVE VOICE

Stronę bierną w języku angielskim tworzymy podobnie jak w

języku polskim za pomocą czasownika być (to be) oraz

imiesłowu czasu przeszłego (Past Participle).

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STRONA BIERNA - PASSIVE VOICE

Stronę bierną w języku angielskim tworzymy podobnie jak w

języku polskim za pomocą czasownika być (to be) oraz

imiesłowu czasu przeszłego (Past Participle).

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Present• Simple

• I often/ sometimes… + czasownik [to, co zwykle robimy]

I often visit my grandma.

I sometimes go for a walk in the park.

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• Do you like… (+czasownik+ing lub to czasownik) [pytamy o czyjeś preferencje]

Do you like swimming?Do you like partying?

• Don’t you… + czasownik [zdziwienie, zaskoczenie] (np. want)• Don’t you know the boss is going

away?• Don’t you want to come with us?

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•Continuous• I’m… + czaswonik+ing [czynność, jaką

aktualnie wykonujemy] We’re learning English.They are cutting grass.

• We’re going to… (np. tomorrow) [Ciągły dla wyrażania przyszłości]

They’re going to Paris tomorrow.

They meeting tonight. Dziś wieczorem się spotykają.

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• I’m… +studying/ living/ working on[czynności tymczasow]

I’m staying at my brother’s. Mieszkam tymczasowo u brata.

• I’m not… (np. leaving) [odmowa] I’m not going there. Nie idę tam.I’m not doing that. Nie zrobię tego.

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Perfect

• I’ve already (+3. forma) [że już coś zrobiliśmy]I’ve already emailed Mary.I’ve already seen this movie.

• I haven’t … (+3. forma) yet [że czegoś jeszcze nie zrobiliśmy]I haven’t talked to Jason yet.They haven’t come back yet.

• Have you ever (+3. forma) [pytamy o doświadczenia]Have you ever been to Malta?Have they ever drunk this wine?

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He/ She/ It has… (+3. forma) [że coś się stało, taki news, że trzeba coś zrobić, zaradzić]

Sally has passed her last exam.Their house has burnt down.

They have … (+3. forma) for + (okres czasu)[tłumaczymy, że coś się dzieje od jakiegoś czasu]

They have lived here for three years. Mieszkają tutaj od trzech lat.

They have worked for the company for 15 years.

How long have you… (+3. forma) [pytamy, od jakiego czasu coś się dzieje]

How long have you worked at Quest?

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Perfect Continuous• I’m tired because I have been (+

czawonik+ing) [wyjaśnienie, co spowodowało moje takie a nie inne samopoczucie]

I’m wet because I’ve walking in the rain.I’m dirty because I’ve been reparing my bike.

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PastPast Simple• I + czasownik+ed [szczegóły z przeszłości]

I left my watch on the table. Where is it now?

When/ What time did you… + czasownik[pytamy o szczegóły]

When did you visit Paris?

Why didn’t you + czasownik [lekki wyrzut]Why didn’t you tell me about it

yestarday?

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Past Continuous

• I was +czasownik+ing when something (+ 2. forma) [tło wydarzeń]

I was working on my project when Brian called.

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Past PerfectHad you (+3. forma) befor you (+2. forma) [czy coś się wydarzyło, zanim]

Had you cleaned up the mess before mother came back?

Had Peter finished cooking before they returned from the tour of the city?

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By the time we (+2. forma), they hadalready (+3. forma) [coś się wydarzyło do jakiegoś czasu]

By the time we reached the cinema, the film had already started. Zanim dojechaliśmy do kina, film już się zaczął.

Something had stopped by (+czas podajemy przeszły) [że do tej pory to się już wydarzyło]By 1998 he had already emigrated to Canada. Przed rokiem 1998 on już wyemigrował do Kanady.

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Past perfect w konstrukcjach tzw. Warunkowo-podobnych (contractedforms)

Słowa (zwroty), które pozwalają wypowiadać nieprawdopodobne warunki bez użycia klasycznych zdań warunkowych: ONLY, IF ONLY, AS IF, AS THOUGH, SUPPOSE, IMAGINE. WHAT IF, WISH… = tryb łączący „subjunctive)

If only I had known! (Żebym tylko był to wiedział!)

If only I had listened to my teacher! (Żebym tylko był posłuchał mojego nauczyciela!)

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He jumped as if he had been stung.(Podskoczył jakby/jak gdyby został użądlony)

What if we’d lost our way. (...but in fact we didn’t.)

Just suppose somebody had seen us. (Załóż tylko, że ktoś mógł nas zobaczyć.)

Just suppose I hadn’t applied for the job. (Załóż tylko, że nie starałem się o tę pracę.)

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I wish I knew him (teraz)(Żałuję, że go nie znam / Chciałbym go znać)

I wish I had known him (przedtem)(Żałuję, że go nie znałem / Chciałbym go wtedy znać)

I wish I hadn’t said that (Żałuję, że to powiedziałem = ale niestety to zrobiłem)She wishes she hadn’t said that.

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FutureFuture Simple

Will you please… +czasownik [grzeczna porśba]

Will you please help me cook?

I’ll + czasownik [podejmujemy decyzję teraz]

I’ll take chicken curry then.

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I think/ I hope/ I’m sure they will + czasownik[wyrażamy opinię, nadzieję, pewność co do przyszłości]

I hope they will finish before 5.

dodatkowoI’m going to… [zamiar]

I’m going to quit my job.

I’m about to… [że zaraz to zrobię]I’m about to leave. Zaraz wyjdę.

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Future ContinuousThey’ll be + czasownik+ing at … [coś się zadzieje/ będzie działo w wyniku ustaleń/ harmonogramu]

They’ll be arriving at 5

Will you be + czasownik+ing [grzeczne potanie poprzedzające prośbę]Will you be going shopping after work? Could you buy some bread?Będziesz szedł do sklepu? Kupisz trochęchleba?

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Future Perfect

We will have + 3. forma by/ before/ by the time [coś zostanie ukończone do określanego czasu, przed określonym czasem]

We’ll have finished by tomorrow.

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We’ll have finished by tomorrow.

?

We’ll have it finished by tomorrow.

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NIESPODZIANKA

J

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• I really appreciate…• You can also use this phrase to thank

someone. For example, you might say:• I really appreciate your help.• Or you can combine #1 and #2:• Thanks so much for cooking dinner. I really

appreciate it.• Thanks so much. I really appreciate you

cooking dinner.

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• What do you think?• When you want to hear someone’s opinion

on a topic, use this question.• I’m not sure if we should paint the room

yellow or blue. What do you think?

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15 NAJBARDZIEJ POPULARNYCH

ZWROTÓW I

IDIOMÓWW JĘZYKU

ANGIELSKIM

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• How does that sound?• If you suggest an idea or plan, use this

phrase to find out what others think.• We could have dinner at 6, and then go to a

movie. How does that sound?• Let’s hire a band to play music, and

Brent can photograph the event. How does that sound?

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• That sounds great.• If you like an idea, you can respond to #6

with this phrase. “Great” can be replaced with any synonym, such as “awesome,” “perfect,” “excellent” or “fantastic.”• A: My mom is baking cookies this

afternoon. We could go to my house and eat some. How does that sound?B: That sounds fantastic!

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• (Oh) never mind.• Let’s say someone doesn’t understand an

idea you’re trying to explain. If you’ve explained it over and over and want to stop, just say “oh, never mind.” You can now talk about something else!• You can also use “never mind” to mean “it

doesn’t matter” or “just forget it.” In these situations, say it with a smile and positive tone, though. Otherwise, when you say this phrase slowly with a falling low tone, it can mean you’re bothered or upset.• A: Are you going to the grocery store today?

B: No, I’m not. But why—do you need something?A: Oh, never mind. It’s okay, I’ll go tomorrow.

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• I just don’t understand.• Use this phrase when you don’t

understand what someone means.• Sorry, I don’t understand. The U.S.

Electoral College seems very confusing!

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• Thank you. That helps a lot.• After someone starts speaking more

slowly for you, thank them with this phrase.• You can use it in many other situations,

too.• A: Ben, could you please make the font

bigger? It’s hard for me to read the words.B: Sure! I’ll change it from size 10 to 16. How’s this?A: Thank you. That helps a lot.

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• Could you repeat that please?• If you’d like someone to say a word,

question or phrase again, use this question. Since “to repeat” means “to say again,” you can also ask, “Could you say that again please?”• We can say “please” either at the end of

the question or right after “you,” like this:• Could you please repeat that?• Could you repeat that please?

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• 12. Could you please talk slower?• Native speakers can talk very fast. Fast

English is hard to understand! This is an easy way to ask someone to speak more slowly.• Note: This phrase is not grammatically

correct. However, it’s used often in everyday (casual) speech. The grammatically correct question would be, “Could you please talk more slowly?”• That’s because “slowly” is an adverb, so it

describes verbs (like “talk”). “Slower” is a comparative adjective, which means it should be used to describe nouns (people, places or thing), not verbs. (For example: My car is slower than yours.)• A: You can give us a call any weekday from

8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. at five five five, two five zero eight, extension three three—B: I’m sorry, could you please talk slower?

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• What does _____ mean?• When you hear or see a new word, use

this phrase to ask what it means.• A: What does “font” mean?

B: It’s the style of letters, numbers and punctuation marks when you type. A common font in the USA is Times New Roman.• 15. How do you spell that?• English spelling can be tricky, so make

sure to learn this question. You could also ask someone, “Could you spell that for me?”• A: My name is Robbertah Handkerchief.

B: How do you spell that?

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• What do you mean?• When you understand the words one by

one, but not what they mean together, use this question. You can ask it whenever you’re confused about what someone is telling you.• A: The Smiths do have a really nice house,

but the grass is always greener on the other side.B: What do you mean?A: I mean that if we had the Smith’s house, we probably wouldn’t be happier. We always think other people have better lives than us, but other people have problems too.

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• I’ll be with you in a moment.• When someone wants to see you, use this

phrase if you need a minute to finish something first. If a client is waiting at a store, you can also use this phrase to show that their turn is next.• You can replace “moment” with “minute”:

“I’ll be with you in (just) a minute.”• Another common phrase for this situation

is “I’ll be right with you.”• Good morning! I’ll be with you in a moment.

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• (Oh really?) Actually, I thought…• When you disagree with someone,

“Actually, I thought…” will make you sound kinder and more polite than saying “No” or “You’re wrong.” This phrase is useful when you have a different idea than someone else.• A: So Sam’s coming in tonight at 8, right?

B: Actually, I thought he wasn’t working at all this week.A: Oh, ok. I’ll have to look at the schedule again.

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• 29. Actually, I [verb]…• Just like in #28, you can use “actually, I…”

with many different verbs: “heard,” “learned,” “am,” “can,” “can’t,” etc. You should use it for the same situation as above: when you have a different idea than someone else.• A: Did you finish the reports?

B: Actually, I am running a bit behind, but they’ll be done by noon!• C: When you type, always put two spaces

between sentences.D: Actually, I learned to put a single space between sentences.

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• I’m (just) about to [verb]…• When you’re going to start something very

soon, you’re “just about to” do something.• I’m just about to send those faxes.• I’m about to go and pick up some coffee.

Do you want anything?

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• ‘Speak of the devil’ – this means that the person you’re just talking about actually appears at that moment.“Hi Tom, speak of the devil, I was just telling Sara about your new car.”• Biting off more than you can chew

Meaning: Not having the capacity to take on a new assignment or task that is just too taxing• Devil’s advocate

Meaning: To take the side of the counter-argument, or offer an alternative point of view• Time is money

Meaning: Work faster or more efficiently

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• No pain, no gainMeaning: You have to work hard in order to see results• Giving the benefit of the doubt

Meaning: Believing someone’s story without proof even though it may seem unbelievable• Piece of cake

Meaning: A task or job that is easy to complete

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• Pulling someone’s legMeaning: Joking with someone• “I was pulling Jodie’s leg when I told her that

watermelons grow on trees. She’s been driving around all day trying to find a watermelon tree!”• “Did you really just buy an expensive sports

car or are you just pulling my leg?”• This idiom originated in England in the 1800s.

Street robbers used to ‘pull someone’s leg’ using a wire which would cause the person to trip up. When they were on the floor, another street robber would steal the victim’s money and valuables. Over time, people started to trip each other up as a way of making them stumble, knock into other people and look foolish.

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• A snowball effectMeaning: Something has momentum and builds on each other, much like rolling a snowball down a hill to make it bigger• You can lead a horse to water, but you

can’t make him drinkMeaning: You can’t force someone to make what is seemingly the right decision• It takes two to tango

Meaning: One person usually isn’t the only responsible party• Like riding a bike

Meaning: There are some skills that you never loose

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• ‘To cost an arm and a leg’– something is very expensive.“Fuel these days costs and arm and a leg.”• ‘To feel under the weather’ – to not feel well.

“I’m really feeling under the weather today; I have a terrible cold.”• ‘To kill two birds with one stone’ – to solve two

problems at once.“By taking my dad on holiday, I killed two birds with one stone. I got to go away but also spend time with him.”• ‘To cut corners’ – to do something badly or

cheaply.“They really cut corners when they built this bathroom; the shower is leaking.”• ‘To add insult to injury’ – to make a situation

worse.“To add insult to injury the car drove off without stopping after knocking me off my bike.”

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• ‘You can’t judge a book by its cover’ – to not judge someone or something based solely on appearance.“I thought this no-brand bread would be horrible; turns out you can’t judge a book by its cover.”• ‘Break a leg’ – means ‘good luck’ (often said

to actors before they go on stage).“Break a leg Sam, I’m sure your performance will be great.”• ‘To hit the nail on the head’ – to describe

exactly what is causing a situation or problem.• “He hit the nail on the head when he said this

company needs more HR support.”•

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• ‘Call it a day’ – Stop working on something• ‘Let someone off the hook’ – To allow

someone, who have been caught, to not be punished.• ‘No pain no gain’ – You have to work hard

for something you want.

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• ‘Bite the bullet’ – Decide to do something unpleasant that you have avoiding doing.• Bite the bullet. ... It is often stated that it

is derived historically from the practice of having a patient clench a bullet in his or her teeth as a way to cope with the extreme pain of a surgical procedure without anesthetic, though evidence for biting a bullet rather than a leather strap during surgery is sparse. So soldiers bit the bullet to be able to endure the pain of surgery without anaesthesia. • Mary has to learn to bite the bullet and

face her fears of flying.

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• ‘The last straw’ – The final source of irritation for someone to finally lose patience.• The last straw in their relationship was

when he physically abused her. She walked out after that.• I am not going to wait for the last

straw like you always do. I will do something about the problem much sooner than that.

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• Odbudowa wiary w siebie –

SYZYFOWE EDUKACJE

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Mniej znaczy więcej!!!Czyli: gdzie się podziała pokora nauczycieli?

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"How much wood would a woodchuck chuckif a woodchuck could chuck

wood?