Vol. 16, No. 3, April 1990

Thiokol's TEM-6 was test-fired last month in Utah .

TEM-6 Test

A full-scale Space ShuttleTechnical Evaluation Motor (TEM )was static tested on 15 March 1990at the Thiokol Corporation's SpaceOperations facilities near BrighamCity, Utah. The test was the sixth of11 scheduled TEM static firings .

Since the motor contained certai ncomponents that were more thanfour years old, the test resultsprovide data for assessing storageand aging effects on the performanceof propellant, liner, and insulationmaterials. TEM-6 segments hadbeen shipped to Kennedy Spac eCenter (KSC), stacked, destacked ,and shipped back to Utah, havingbeen subjected to multiple environ-mental and structural loadin gconditions .

The motor ballistic performanc eagreed well with predictions, met al lspecifications, and substantiatedprevious data . No detrimental agin geffects on motor performance wer eapparent in this test .

Visual inspection of the aft en dof the TEM-6 motor by Thiokol an dNASA engineers indicated that th enozzle components were in a norma lpostfire condition. Parts of thenozzle were fabricated from rayo nmaterial generated after shutdow nand restart of the supplier's plant .The measured material erosion a tthe nozzle throat matched pretes tpredictions . TEM-6 completed thequalification process of this rayonmaterial for redesigned solid rocke tmotors .

Measurements of pressuredistribution, using special pressureinstrumentation, agreed well wit hexpected values . The test was alsoused to qualify an improved fiel djoint weather protection system, an dto provide additional data on jointheaters .

The motor segments will bedisassembled and sent to the Thioko lClearfield facility for in-depthposttest inspection, which will takeup to three weeks . The next TEMfiring is scheduled for early Novem-ber. For more information, contac tSteve Lawson or Rocky Raab a tThiokol, (801) 629-2255 .

1

Recent CPIA PublicationsCPIA/M3, "Solid Propellant Ingred - CPIA Pub. 507, "JANNAF Propel - CPIA Pub. 526, "1989 JANNAFients Manual," Units 81 (CMP), 82 lant Development & Characteriza - Rocket Nozzle Technology Subcom -(Ferrocene), 83 (Aluminum Oxide) ; tion Subcommittee Handbook," Unit mittee Meeting, " Oct 1989 .Manufacturer's Units 10C (Alumin - Nos . 400.0 (Sodium Sulfate-Calciu mum),

12A (Ferric Fluoride), 84A Carbonate-Graphite {Morpholine}), CPIA Pub. 528, "Advanced Propul -(PBAN), 85A (HX Series Bonding 401 .0

(Materials

Insoluble

in

Di - sion Concepts," 1989 JPM Specialis tAgents); Revised Units 1 (AP), 2 methylformamide),

402 .0

(Barium Session, May 1989.(GAP), 3 (FEFO), 4 (SYEP), 5 Nitrate

{Gravimetric

Method}) ,(SYFO), 6 (R-45M), 7 (R-45HT), 8 403 .0

(Tin

{Iodimetric

Method}), CPIA Pub.

532

"CPIA Annual(Boron), 9 (Ferric Oxide), 10 (Alu - 403 .1

(Tin and

Graphite

{Gravi - Report for Fiscal Year 1989," Ja nminum), 11 (Zirconium), 12 (Ferric metric Method}), 404 .0 (Potassium 1990 .Fluoride) ;

and

Revised

Manufac - as

{Tetraphenylmetaborate

{III}} )turer's Units 1A (AP), 6A (R-45M), [Barium Nitrate Present], Dec 1989 . CPIA Pub. 533, "JANNAF Interagen-and 8B (Boron); and Indexes, Nov cy Propulsion Committee Annual1989. CPIA

Pub .

519,

"Thermoplastic Report, 1 Jan 89-31 Dec 89," Ja nElastomers (TPE) As Solid Propel - 1990 (Official Use Only) .

CPIA/M3, "Solid Propellant Ingred - lant Binders," 1989 JPM Specialis tients Manual," Manufacturer's Unit Session, May 1989 .10D (Aluminum) and Revised Unit LS89-02:

Electromagnetic Propul-35 (TDI), Feb 1990 . sion (Partially supersedes LS86-30) ;

CPIA Pub. 523, "Propulsion Com - period

covered

1969-1988C;

12 1CPIA Pub . 493, "Nitrocellulose & munity Compliance with the Re- citations and abstracts .Nitrocellulose-Based

Propellants," source Conservation &

RecoveryPDCS Workshop, May 1989 . Act," S&EPS Workshop, May 1989 . IS89-15:

ESD Sensitivity in SolidPropellants

(Supersedes

LS87-13) ;CPIA Pub. 494, "Space Propulsion CPIA Pub . 525, "Hot Gas Valves," period

covered

1969-1989B ;

122Hazards Analysis Manual (SPHAM), " 1989 JPM Specialist Session, May citations .Vols . I-II, Jun 1988 . 1989.

NCAT Holds First National Rocke tPropulsion Symposium

The National Center for Ad-vanced Technologies (NCAT) hel dthe first in a series of symposiafocusing on key aerospace issues fo rthe 1990s on 15 February in Alexan-dria, Virginia . More than 500leaders from industry, government ,and academia congregated at th e"National Rocket Propulsion Sym-posium" in a concerted effort a tcross-technology information sharin gand brainstorming. This ongoingconsortium will foster cohesiv erocket propulsion strategies andgoals, and will also keep the U.S . inthe lead technologically and competi-tive in the world market .

"Key Technologies for the Year2000" is the developmental them efor the Aerospace IndustriesAssociation (AIA), which establishe dNCAT as a nonprofit foundationearlier this year. The AerospaceTechnology Policy forum is acompanion AIA effort that facilitatesthe implementation of technologica lrecommendations at the nationalpolicy level . Ten `key technologies 'will be emphasized: advancedcomposites ; advanced sensors ;airbreathing propulsion; artificialintelligence; computational science ;optical

information

processing;rocket propulsion ; software develop -

ment; superconductivity; and ultra-reliable electronic systems .

The second symposium, schedule dfor September of 1990, will focus oncomposite materials. For moreinformation on the NCAT, pleasecontact Anita Gardiner (AIA) a t(202) 371-8400.

0

See pp. 4-6 for Q&A excerptsfrom the symposium.

2

Heads Up!

The following is a list of recentlypublished reports relevant to thepropulsion community. If thedocument has an `AD' number, cal lDTIC at (703) 274-7633 ; for NAS Adocuments, call NTIS at (703) 487 -4650; otherwise, contact the sourcecompany that issued the report .

NASA-CR-1794011N89-14249, Liquid RocketBooster (LRB) for the Space Transportatio nSystem (STS) Systems Study, Martin Mariett a

NASA-TM-101951/N89-20192, AdvancedTechnology for Future Space Propulsion Sys-tems, NASA/Lewis Research Cente r

NASA-CR-182249, LOX/Hydrocarbon Com-bustion Instability Investigation, Rockwel lInternational

UCRL-99306/DE88-015429, Ultra-High VelocityHE-Driven Projectile Launchers, LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory

SSI-TR-137/AD-A213-572, HCI Monitor . Phase2, Spectral Sciences

89-038EH0087EAC/AD-A210-747, Evaluation o fRocket Motor Exhaust and Liner Combustio nBy-Products, AF Occupation & EnvironmentalSafety Office

AFIT-GSO-ENP-86D-3/AD-A213-224, APreliminary Study on the Use of the Ultraviole tExhaust Plumes of the ICBMs for Launc hDetection, AFI T

BRL-TR-3004/AD-A211-284, Gun Tube/Charg eProjectile Interactions and Gun Tube Wear ,Ballistics Research Laboratory

ESL-TR-87-51/AD-A213-557, Products of th eHypochlorite Oxidation of Hydrazine Fuels ,Argonne National Laboratory

LAIR-349/AD-A211-285, Primary Derma lIrritation Potential of Ball Powder in Rabbits ,Letterman Army Institute

R&D 5955-CH-01/AD-A213-042, Investigation o fthe Phase Stabilizing Effect of Potassiu mFluoride on Ammonium Nitrate, Fraun-hofer-Inst, Germany

NASA-CR-184674/N89-18505, Orbital Transfe rVehicle Concept Definition and Systems Analy-sis Study, Martin Mariett a

AL-TR-89-068, Characterization of Tetrahydro-gen via State-Selected Excitation of H2, Physica lSciences

NASA-CR-183584/N89-19366, Booster Propul-sion/Vehicle Impact Study, Boeing Aerospace

NASA-CR-183538/N89-13758, SSME LOX PostFlow Analyses/Fluid Structure Interaction - Fina lReport, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company

NASA-CR-182195/N89-14256, Orbital Transfe rRocket Engine Technology Programs, Aeroje tTechSystems

NASA-CR-179424/N89-14250, Aeroassiste dOrbital Transfer Vehicle Control Technology,Boeing Aerospace

NASA-CR-184827/N89-20183, Vehicle for Spac eTransfer and Recovery (VSTAR), AuburnUniversity

NASA-TM-101947/N89-20179, ExpendableLaunch Vehicle Transportation for the SpaceStation, NASA/Lewis Research Cente r

NASA-TM-101487/N89-20545, Mars Manne dTransportation Vehicle, NASA/Lewis ResearchCenter

AL-TR-89-011, Gas Flows in Rocket Motors -Volume I, Science Application s

ESA-CR(P)-2675, Study of In-Orbit Servicing ofColumbus Elements by ALV - ExecutiveSummary, ERNO, Germany

AL-TR-89-044/AD-A216-104, Investigation ofApplications of Diamond Film, AerojetTechSystems

NASA-CR-184749/N89-18512, Apollo LightcraftProject 1988, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institut e

NASA-CR-174974/N89-21834, Mercury Io nThruster Technology, Hughes Research Labor-atories

NASA-CR-183593/N89-18525, Studies an dAnalyses of the Space Shuttle Main Engine ,Battelle Columbus Laboratories

SAND-88-1769C/DE89-001615, Strategic TargetSystem (STARS) Launch Vehicle, Sandi aNational Laboratory

0

PropellantIngredients UpdateReport #3

• Western Electrochemical Com-pany (formerly PEPCON) recentlybegan producing small quantities o fammonium perchlorate (AP) at thei rnew Cedar City, Utah plant . Sam-ples have been distributed and largescale production was scheduled to

begin shortly if qualification test sproved acceptable . Kerr-McGee, theother U .S. AP manufacturer, is eval-uating the need to increase capacityof its line by perhaps building asecond AP facility. Bulk storage o fAP produced from its existing Hend-erson, Nevada plant will likely b emoved to a remote site for improve dsafety.

• Olin Chemical Company i splanning a new commercial isocyan-ate plant at Lake Charles, Louisian ato begin operations in mid-1991 .The plant will have operating capac-ity for 30 million pounds per year o fisophorone diisocyanate, hexamethyl-ene diisocyanate, and methylen ediphenyl diisocyanate . Olin hasoperated a pilot plant for thes ematerials since January 1989 .

• The recent Delta launch of theMarcopolo satellite required a bulkpurchase of RJ-1 fuel from Japan ,due to the lack of a U .S. supplier .This launch used a Rocketdyne MB 3Block 3 main engine . More recen tversions of the Delta, with Rocket -dyne RS-27 first stage engines, us eRP-1, which is readily available i nthis country. RP-1 also fuels theAtlas launch vehicle.

• On November 10, Avtex Fiber sof Front Royal, Virginia ceasedproduction of carbonizable rayonfiber used in the manufacture of anumber of military and NASA solidrocket motor nozzles . Plant closurefollowed a protracted series of en-vironmental charges cited by thestate. NASA is currently in theprocess of certifying North AmericanRayon, of Elizabethton, Tennesseeas a new supplier of this material .Approval is scheduled for mid-1990 .Loss of the Avtex source will forc eNorth American Rayon to doubl eproduction to cover the 3 millio nlbs/year industry requirement .

• Reynolds Aluminum will man-ufacture the aluminum-lithium alloy ,Weldalitee 849, developed by Marti nMarietta . This material promisessignificant weight savings for light -weight cryogenic propellant tanks . a

3

National Rocket Propulsion Symposium: Excerpts

As part of the National RocketPropulsion Symposium, the majorauthors of the National RocketPropulsion Strategic Plan wereformed into a panel and fieldedquestions from the floor. Listedbelow are selected questions andanswers . For additional informationabout the Plan, as well as thecomplete list of questions andanswers, please contact AnitaGardiner (AM) at (202) 371-8400.

Q: How did we get in this mess, thetechnology drought?

A: We got, except in a few instan-ces such as Trident, SDI, etc ., into aproven technology syndrome. Weused old technology and really didn' tprove out (validate) new technology .SDI has been on the right road andthe major reason for the recen tincrease. Too many people think i nterms of only what it takes t oaccomplish a narrow, specific system -oriented improvement. Genericvalidated technology advancement i sa much more cost effective approachin the long term, and the one beingpursued by several foreign com-petitors, e .g., France and Japan .

Q: International cooperation hasbecome an increasingly popularmethod for developing technology--it brings down R&D costs and cancreate important synergies. Whatthought has been given to enteringinto beneficial technology develop-ment arrangements as part of the"National Rocket Propulsion Strate-gic Plan? "

A: Our thinking is that the U .S.should develop and validate the basetechnologies and then conside rinternational cooperative efforts fo rfull-scale developments . The full -scale developments are much morecostly than base technology work, so

this is the area to seek the cos tbenefits and synergies of cooperativ eefforts . Also, doing the basetechnology work puts the U.S. in aposition to elect to proceed alon efor full-scale developments shouldthat be considered necessary fo rmilitary or autonomy reasons .

Q: What is being done to get DoDto acknowledge that rocket propul-sion is a key technology?

A: DoD currently supports rocke tpropulsion technology in areas ofspace launch propulsion, strategi cdefense concepts, space propulsion,and missile propulsion . The DoD,by its actions, acknowledges th eimportance of doing some rocke tpropulsion technology development;but they do not assign it a toppriority relative to other technologie sin terms of payoffs . Discussions will

be held with DoD with emphasis o npayoffs of rocket propulsion tech-nologies to future military needs .

Q: It was stated that we are behindin several international technologyareas. Could you be more specific ?

A: Five examples come to mind .The French are ahead of us i ncarbon/carbon composites, insensitivemunitions, and basic understandingof electrostatic discharge . TheBritish are ahead on plume tailorin gand the Japanese on the use ofceramic bearings .

Q: Does continuous mixing ofpropellants really have a future?

A: Production of propellants for themassive requirements of futurelaunch vehicles, such as Advance dSolid Rocket Motors, or high-volum etactical systems will very likely be ac-complished by continuous processing .The impediments to the use of

continuous processing in the pas thave been the lack of highly accuratesolid feed systems and the need foron-line, real-time quality monitoring.These problems are well on the wayto being resolved. Continuouspropellant processing offers thepotential of significant cost reductio nas well as improved reliability,uniformity, and safety. It appearshighly probable that continuousmixing will be prominent in futurepropellant processing methodology .

Q: How important is the trendtoward replacing metals withcomposites in propulsion systems ?

A: Advanced composites offe rtremendous potential for cost -effective improvements in propulsio nsystem components and overall sys-tem performance. Recent advancesin composite fabrication technologyhave occurred which can takeadvantage of the properties of newhigh-strength fibers and high-temper-ature resin systems . As a result ,composite structures can withstandthe duty cycle of metallic com-ponents weighing two to three time sas much and costing three to sixtimes as much as the compositereplacement . Applications of com-posites may well be one of themajor advances in propulsion tech-nology over the next decade .

Q: Aren't health monitoring andcontrol (HM/C) systems normallydesigned for a specific propulsionsystem or vehicle? If so, why shouldfunding be requested (or proposed )for a generic propulsion system ?

A: It is correct that HM/C systemsare ultimately designed for a specifi csystem; however, there are man yparts of an HM/C system that aregeneric in nature, including most o fthe sensors, many algorithms, an d

4

much of the software and dat aprocessing systems . It appearsprudent to develop as much of thi stechnology as possible so that it ison the shelf when it is required .This allows the focus of a full-scal edevelopment program to be centeredaround developing a propulsionsystem or vehicle rather than tryin gto develop a bunch of subsystems .It is believed that developing genericportions of an HM/C system wil leventually lead to reduced vehicle o rpropulsion system development cost sand contribute to maintainin gschedules .

Q: Wouldn't funds for nondestruc-tive evaluation (NDE) of rocketmotors be better spent for advancingthe state of rocket motor processcontrol and for advancing morereliable low-cost rocket motordesigns?

A: Spending money for NDE wil lresult in advancing the state-of-the -art for rocket motor process contro land design reliability. NDE quan-tifies the actual state of the produc tand decisions can be made in realtime that cause changes in th eprocess needed to bring the produc titself into its required design state .In order to function without cata-strophic failure, a rocket motor orengine must meet a set of critica ldesign requirements . Without quan-titative NDE there is no way ofknowing when these components ar eout of tolerance . By incorporatingNDE up front in our designs, we canadvance the state of rocket moto rprocess control, reduce the overal lcost of propulsion systems, and yiel dmore reliable rocket motors .

Q: Since insensitive munitions (IM)technology appears to have a veryhigh payoff to the government i nhuman safety, improved logistics, an drisk and damage cost avoidance,what stumbling blocks exist to get-ting the recommended technology?

A: The basic stumbling block to IMis the lack of substantial funding an da coherent plan to develop thetechnology. Although highly visibl ecatastrophic accidents have hap-pened, there is a lack of understand-ing of the problem complexities. IMwon't come for free and programmanagers are reluctant to give u pperformance for safety or pay forthe more expensive developmentprograms. Full IM testing couldincrease development costs by 30-50% if it goes through the fullspectrum of testing .

Q: Development of new tech-nologies proposed by your grou pwould require substantial testing an dverification. What actions areproposed to avoid adverse impact onthe environment from these ac-tivities?

A: The Plan, in several areas ,addresses the need and methodologyfor propulsion system designs thatminimize the environmental impactduring operation. In addition, t odeal with those systems that d oproduce byproducts that are poten-tially toxic, the Plan outlines require-ments to develop appropriatecontainment systems .

Q: The Plan has large hardwaredemonstrations. Isn't that incom-patible with smaller, low-costdemonstration in rocket enginecomponents?

A: The purpose of the Plan is t oallow the convenient application oftechnologies to new developingrocket systems. To fulfill that need ,the larger system propulsion aspect s(such as that of tankage) must beaddressed to have their availabilitycoincide with the developing rocketengine components . The construc-tion of large proof-of-concept articlesis necessary to validate the technol-ogy requirements such as weights ,costs, and manufacturing processes

before the need arises to enter int ofull-scale development .

Q: What has prevented a morewidespread application of electricpropulsion technology ?

A: Electric propulsion requires apower source, but many satellite sand spacecraft have not beendesigned with a high enough powe rlevel to accommodate electricthrusters . Currently, large light -weight power sources in the form o fsolar arrays are becoming availabl efor future satellites. Electric propul-sion has been used on many com-munications satellites in the last te nyears . As the power levels of thes evehicles has increased, the applica-tion of electric propulsion has bee nmore readily accepted . Resistojetthrusters, and now, arcjet thrusters ,are replacing the chemical monopro-pellant thrusters typically used onthese satellites. They use the samehydrazine propellants as thei rchemical counterparts, but provid esignificantly higher specific impulse .This higher performance extends thepropulsion system life and reducesthe cost of operations by tens tohundreds of millions of dollars .High-power electric propulsion (10 -100 kW) is also planned for orbi ttransfer demonstrations . The AirForce and NASA have been plan-ning a flight experiment of both io nand arcjet thrusters . This experi-ment would provide the firs tdemonstration of electric propulsio ntechnology for orbit raising. Thefirst flight test of the SP-100 spacenuclear power source will use arcje tpropulsion as the "power load" forthe reactor system test .

Q: In the Propulsion Validationssection, you test liquid engines orsolid rocket motors which appear t obe sized to potential applications .What happens to the validations i fthe application doesn't materialize?

5

A: The Propulsion Validationssection has been developed aroundfive major application areas : launchvehicles, orbital transportation,ballistic missiles, strategic defensepropulsion, and tactical and theate rdefense missiles. Propulsionimprovements for a heavy-lift launc hvehicle with improved transportatio ncosts are essential. The identifiedprojects are structured to validatethe improvements to enable low-ris kapplication of the technology t opropulsion to achieve this capability.Similarly, use of cryogenic propel-lants for orbital missions hasencompassed relatively short fligh ttimes on the order of a few hours .Future missions are expected t orequire propellant usage for flighttimes of hundreds of days, requiringextension and validation of thetechnological capability . As long asthe national agenda for programs i neach of the application areas ismaintained, then the question is notwhether or not the application wil lmaterialize, but when .

Q: In developing, establishing, andmaintaining data bases, should thisbe completely in the control of agovernment agency?

A: A basic need of data base devel-opment, establishment, and main-tenance is a single focal point fordirecting and compiling the data fo rthe data base, managing or keepingthe data up to date and accurate ,and supervising the accessibility t othe data base by segments of theindustry . In a diverse industry, thiswould best be accomplished byeither a government agency or agovernment-sponsored activity by amember of either academia orindustry . I lean toward the govern-ment-sponsored academia approach ,something akin to the way the CPIAhas been operated in the past .Using an industry member, eve nunder government funding an ddirection, can lead to concerns abou tproprietary

and

confidentiality

aspects of the information suppliedto the data base by the varioususers .

Q: Why was education included inthe Plan ?

A: Education is a serious nationalproblem. Without significant im-provement, we won't have thescience and engineering people,technicians, and other supportpersonnel we need in the nextdecade.

Q: Should industries receivingmoney from DoD and NASA berequired to spend a small portion ofthat money supporting relevan tresearch and graduate students inthe physical sciences?

A: A good percentage of al lcorporate contributions to univer-sities is already being used fo reducation, so industry is taking anincreasingly important position in theeducational field . There is, however,always room for improvement and i twould be appropriate for DoD andNASA to reward those companie smaking the largest contributions tohigher education .

a

RecommendedReading

"CRC Handbook of Space Tech-nology: Status and Projections," byR. Michael Hord, CRC Press, Inc. ,Boca Raton, FL, 1985.

This clearly written review pre-sents the status, trends, and forecast sfor a number of space technologyareas. Included are assessments o fchemical and electric propulsion ,space power, advanced materials an dstructures, space station technology ,and space transportation syste marchitectures .

S&EPS to Meet atLawrence Livermore

The JANNAF Safety & Environ-mental Protection Subcommittee(S&EPS) will hold its 1990 annua lmeeting on 18-22 June at the Law-rence Livermore National Labora-tory, Livermore, California. TheMeeting Chairman will be Mr. JohnA. E. Hannum of the Naval Ord-nance Station, Indian Head, Mary -land .

The meeting will include session son environmental protection, safetytechnology, atmospheric hazards andmodeling, instrumentation, and oc-cupational health . In addition, therewill be two special papers on safetyof ammonium perchlorate (AP), an da specialist session on hydrazinethreshold limit values . The APpresentations and the hydrazinespecialist session will be held on 20June. A workshop on large rocke tmotor manufacturing safety will b eheld on the afternoon of 18 June .

The security level of the meetingis unclassified. Attendance is limite dto U.S. citizens and authorized im-migrant aliens who are employed byDoD, NASA, or a DoD or NASAcontractor registered with the DTICand/or the Defense Logistics ServicesCenter .

The preliminary program an dregistration information were dis-tributed in March . To obtain theprogram materials, or for furtherinformation, contact Camille Hudso n(CPIA) at (301) 992-7306 .

a

continued on page 7

6

The Bulletin BoardThe following are various courses/events we have been apprised of . Wewelcome all such announcements, so that the propulsion community can bebetter served with a timely exchange of information .

Sponsor Topic Dates Location

AIAA: Measurement Uncertainty (Course) 6/21-23 Seattle, WA

Electric Propulsion for Space Systems(Course)

7/14-15 Orlando, FL

Artificial Space Debris (Course) 8/18-19 Portland, O R

CMA: Vulnerability/Lethality (Course) 5/21-24 Baltimore, MD

Introduction to Hydrocodes (Course) 5/30-6/1 Baltimore, MD

Insensitive Munitions Workshop 6/20 Bethesda, M D

Explosive Technology (Course) 10/15-19 Santa Fe, N M

ERC: Hazardous Waste Managemen tUnder RCRA (Seminar)

SARA Title III and OSHARight-to-Know (Seminar)

EPA's Underground StorageTank Requirements (Seminar)

Variou s

Variou s

Various

Variou s

Variou s

Various

AIAA = American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, (202) 646-7400 .CMA = Computational Mechanics Associates, (301) 821-6189.ERC = Environmental Resource Center, (919) 822-1172 .

Recommended Reading continued from page 6

"Round Trip to Orbit: HumanSpaceflight Alternatives," OTA-ISC-419, Office of Technology Assess-ment, Washington, DC, August1989.

In this Office of TechnologyAssessment analysis, options fo rimproving Space Shuttle reliability ,safety, and performance are sug-gested. Next generation manne dlaunch vehicles, such as the Ad-vanced Manned Launch System ,Personnel Launch System, and man -rated Advanced Launch System, aredescribed . Launch vehicle optionsare assessed in terms of missionrequirements, particularly the as-sembly and maintenance of theSpace Station Freedom .

"Test and Evaluation of the Tac-tical Missile," Emil J. Eichblatt, Jr.,Editor, in Progress in Astronauticsand Aeronautics, Vol. 119, AIAA,Washington, DC, 1989.

The detailed test and evaluationprocesses of Army, Navy, and Ai rForce tactical missile systems, fro mthe conceptual phase to full-scal edevelopment to in-service qualitycontrol, are presented in this en -lightening review. Missile propulsionsystem, guidance, and warhead per-formance, testing, simulation, andplatform integration are covered .The requirements of the InsensitiveMunitions Program are detailed in aseparate chapter .

o

Aerozine-50Workshop Held

A JANNAF Propellant Develop-ment and Characterization Subcom-mittee (PDCS) Workshop on Aer-ozine-50 (A-50) Analysis was held o n6 February 1990 at Vandenberg Ai rForce Base, California. A-50 is a50% by weight hydrazine plus 50%by weight unsymmetrical dimethyl-hydrazine blend . Mr. Roy Wurzbachof the Astronautics Laboratory (AL)served as the workshop chairman .

The workshop was convenedbecause of the need to obtainanalytical results to satisfy themilitary specification requirement o f51% ± 0.8% hydrazine. Anaccuracy of at least 0 .08% wassuggested .

Because the accuracy an dprecision of the packed colum nchromatographic methods presentlyin use differ between laboratories ,they were reviewed in detail by therepresentatives of six participatin glaboratories . The methods wer ecompared with a new capillarymethod proposed by the OlinCorporation, which blends A-50 a tits facility in McIntosh, Alabama .One result of this workshop will b ea series of experiments to beconducted by the participatinglaboratories to improve the accuracyand precision of the current packedcolumn methods. In addition, inter -laboratory testing of the Oli ncapillary method will be undertaken .Through these cooperative efforts, i tis felt that a satisfactory procedur ewill emerge .

A summary of the proceedingswill be published at a later date .Further information may be obtaine dby contacting Roy Wurzbach, AL, a t(805) 275-5410, or Leland Piper ,CPIA, at (301) 992-7307 .

7

JANNAF MEETING CALENDA R

1990 Meeting Type Location Sec. ClassAbstract/Paper

Deadline

18-22 Jun JANNAF Safety & Environmental Conference/ LLNL Unclassified/ Past 28 Ma y

2-4 Oct

Protection Subcommittee Meetin g

1990 JANNAF Propulsion Meeting

Workshops

Conference/

Livermore, CA

Anaheim Marriott

Limited

Confidential/ Past 30 Aug

23-25 Oct JANNAF Rocket Nozzle Technology

Workshops

Conference/

HotelAnaheim, CA

JPL

Limited

Unclassified/ 15 May 2 Oct

5-9 Nov

Subcommittee Meetin g

27th JANNAF Combustion

Workshops

Conference/

Pasadena, CA

F.E. Warren AFB,

Limited

Confidential/ 31 May 15 Oc t

13-15 Nov

Subcommittee Meetin g

JANNAF Propellant Development

Workshops

Conference

Cheyenne, W Y

Vandenberg AFB,

Limite d

Unclassified/ 16 Apr 22 Oc t& Characterization Subcommittee CA

ur Limite dMeeting

Attendance at JANNAF Conferences and Workshops is by invitation only.

MEETING CALENDAR SUBJECT TO CHANGE. FOR LATEST DETAILS, CONTACT CPIA at (301) 992-7306.

CPS BulletinCHEMICAL PROPULSIO N

A

INFORMATION AGENC Y

THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY • APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATOR Y

JOHNS HOPKINS ROAD, LAUREL, MARYLAND 2070 7

ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTE D

The Bulletin is published bimonthly by the Chem -ical Propulsion Information Agency (CPIA) . CPIAis a DoD Information Analysis Center responsiblefor the acquisition, compilation, analysis, and dis-semination of information and data relevant to chem-ical and electric propulsion technology . In addition ,CPIA provides technical and administrative supportto the Joint Army-Navy-NASA-Air Force (JAN-NAF) Interagency Propulsion Committee . The pur-pose of JANNAF is to solve propulsion problems ,coordinate technical programs, and promote an ex-change of technical information in the areas of mis -sile, space, and gun propulsion technology . A feecommensurate with CPIA products and services i scharged to subscribers . Also, subscribers must mee tsecurity and need-to-know requirements .

The Johns Hopkins Universit yApplied Physics LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Roa dLaurel, Maryland 20723-609 9(301) 992-7304 or 953-585 0

Operating under Contract N00039-89-C-000 1

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Edito rMs . Lorri A . Pickett

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