Television Broadcasting

An organization for transmitting visual images and sound that are copied on screens, mainly used to broadcast programs for entertainment. The UK industry is controlled by the major broadcasters and much larger numbers of less well known broadcasters and production companies. There are nine terrestrial broadcasters, and it is produced through land based transmitters. These include BBC, ITV, Channel 4 etc.

TV broadcasting in the UK started in 1936. Now there is a free and subscription services over range of distribution media. There is 27, 000 hours of national content made a year at a cost of £2.6 billion.

Commercial television

Commercial Television is a privately owned television station as opposed to those owned by the state. Commercial television stations rely on advertisements as their major source of income for instance ITV. Others such as BBC are state owned.

Advertising

Advertising is a form of communication for marketing and used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to continue or take some new action. The TV commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format, as is reflected by the high prices.TV networks charge for commercial airtime during popular TV events. Some television commercials feature a song or jingle that listeners soon relate to the product. Virtual advertisements may be inserted into regular television programming through computer graphics.

Companies industry

MTVMTV is owned by Viacom International Media Networks; it is a

PLC company and has been since 1997. It’s a private sector company.

E4E4 is owned by the Channel Four Corporation, it is publicly

owned and commercially funded. It’s a public service broadcaster which is funded by advertising and sponsorship. It is a public sector company.

ITVITV is owned by ITV plc, as well as STV and UTV which are

used in their own respective areas. It was launched in 1955 as independent television. It a commercial public service TV network.

MTV- Viacom

MTV is owned by Viacom International Media Networks; it is a PLC company and has been since 1997. It’s a private sector company.

Viacom International media networks also own music and logo groups such as:

• MTV 2• MTV hits• VIVA • VH1Viacom also have kids and family channels such as

Nickelodeon and entertainments such as Comedy Central.

E4 – Channel Four

E4 is owned by the Channel Four Corporation, it is publicly owned and commercially funded. It’s a public service broadcaster which is funded by advertising and sponsorship. It is a public sector company.

E4 is part of the Sister channels produced by Channel 4 corporation it includes:

• 4 Seven• More 4• Film 4E4 also have U.S. imports such as the Cleavland show,

Desperate housewives and How I met your mother.

ITV - PLCITV is owned by ITV plc, as well as STV and UTV which are used in their own respective areas. It was launched in 1955 as independent television. It a commercial public service TV network.ITV-PLC own channels including:• ITV • ITV 2• ITV 3• ITV 4• ITV HD• CITV• The ZoneITV also have the breakfast contractor that broadcasts across the network each morning.

BBCThe BBC is a 'public corporation': neither a private corporation nor a government department. The BBC owns and international service BBC Worldwide, it operates several international television channels under BBC branding which are:• BBC World News • BBC America• BBC Canada • BBC HD • BBC Kids• BBC Entertainment• BBC Lifestyle • BBC Knowledge • BBC UKTV• BBC Persian• UKTV- Commercial television

network in the United Kingdom, co-owned with Scripps Networks Interactive.

The BBC also own channels in the UK:• BBC One• BBC Two• BBC Three• BBC Four• BBC News• BBC Parliament• CBBC• CBEEBIES

Public Services The BBC Run

S4CAlthough this Welsh language channel is not operated by the Corporation, the BBC contributes programmes funded by the licence fee as part of its public service obligation. The BBC used to broadcast Welsh-language programmes on its own channels in Wales, but these were transferred to S4C when it started broadcasting in 1982.

BBC AlbaA part-time Scottish Gaelic digital-only channel. Although it carries the BBC name, it is a partnership between the BBC and MG Alba, with the majority of funding coming from the Scottish Government via MG Alba. Scottish Gaelic programmes are also shown on BBC Two in Scotland – subject to approval from the BBC Trust, they will move to BBC Alba after digital switchover.

Funding the BBC

The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. BBC TV international channels are funded by advertisements and subscription.