Telescopium - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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10/29/2015 Telescopium Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopium 1/9 Telescopium Constellation List of stars in Telescopium Abbreviation Tel Genitive Telescopii Pronunciation / ˌtɛlɨˈskɒpiәm/, genitive / ˌtɛlɨˈskɒpi.aɪ/ Symbolism the Telescope Right ascension 19 Declination −50 Family La Caille Quadrant SQ4 Area 252 sq. deg. (57th) Main stars 2 Bayer/Flamsteed stars 13 Stars with planets 0 Stars brighter than 3.00 m 0 Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly) 2 Brightest star α Tel (3.49 m ) Telescopium From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the snail, see Telescopium telescopium. Telescopium is a minor constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere, one of twelve created in the 18th century by French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille and one of several depicting scientific instruments. Its name is a Latinized form of the Greek word for telescope. Telescopium was later much reduced in size by Francis Baily and Benjamin Gould. The brightest star in the constellation is Alpha Telescopii, a bluewhite subgiant with an apparent magnitude of 3.5, followed by the orange giant star Zeta Telescopii at magnitude 4.1. Eta and PZ Telescopii are two young star systems with debris disks and brown dwarf companions. Telescopium hosts two unusual stars with very little hydrogen that are likely to be the result of two merged white dwarfs: HD 168476, also known as PV Telescopii, is a hot blue extreme helium star, while RS Telescopii is an R Coronae Borealis variable. RR Telescopii is a cataclysmic variable that brightened as a nova to magnitude 6 in 1948. Contents 1 History 2 Characteristics 3 Notable features 3.1 Stars 3.2 Deep sky objects 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References History Telescopium was introduced in 1751–52 by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille with the French name le Telescope, [1] depicting an aerial telescope, [2] after he had observed and catalogued 10,000 southern stars during a twoyear stay at the Cape of Good Hope. He devised 14 new Coordinates: 19 h 00 m 00 s , −50° 00′ 00″

description

Telescopium is a minor constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere, one of twelve created in the 18th century by French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille and one of several depicting scientific instruments

Transcript of Telescopium - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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Telescopium

Constellation

List of stars in Telescopium

Abbreviation Tel

Genitive Telescopii

Pronunciation /ˌtɛlɨˈskɒpiәm/,genitive /ˌtɛlɨˈskɒpi.aɪ/

Symbolism the Telescope

Right ascension 19

Declination −50

Family La Caille

Quadrant SQ4

Area 252 sq. deg. (57th)

Main stars 2

Bayer/Flamsteedstars

13

Stars with planets 0

Stars brighter than

3.00m0

Stars within 10.00 pc(32.62 ly)

2

Brightest star α Tel (3.49m)

TelescopiumFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the snail, see Telescopium telescopium.

Telescopium is a minor constellation in the southerncelestial hemisphere, one of twelve created in the 18thcentury by French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacailleand one of several depicting scientific instruments. Itsname is a Latinized form of the Greek word fortelescope. Telescopium was later much reduced in sizeby Francis Baily and Benjamin Gould.

The brightest star in the constellation is AlphaTelescopii, a blue­white subgiant with an apparentmagnitude of 3.5, followed by the orange giant star ZetaTelescopii at magnitude 4.1. Eta and PZ Telescopii aretwo young star systems with debris disks and browndwarf companions. Telescopium hosts two unusual starswith very little hydrogen that are likely to be the result oftwo merged white dwarfs: HD 168476, also known as PVTelescopii, is a hot blue extreme helium star, while RSTelescopii is an R Coronae Borealis variable. RRTelescopii is a cataclysmic variable that brightened as anova to magnitude 6 in 1948.

Contents

1 History2 Characteristics3 Notable features

3.1 Stars3.2 Deep sky objects

4 See also5 Notes6 References

History

Telescopium was introduced in 1751–52 by NicolasLouis de Lacaille with the French name le Telescope,[1]

depicting an aerial telescope,[2] after he had observed andcatalogued 10,000 southern stars during a two­year stayat the Cape of Good Hope. He devised 14 new

Coordinates: 19h 00m 00s, −50° 00′ 00″

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Nearest star Gliese 754(19.35 ly, 5.93 pc)

Messier objects none

Borderingconstellations

AraCorona AustralisIndusMicroscopium(corner)PavoSagittarius

Visible at latitudes between +40° and −90°.

Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of

August.Seen in the 1824 star chart set Urania'sMirror (in the lower right)

constellations in uncharted regions of the SouthernCelestial Hemisphere not visible from Europe. All butone honored instruments that symbolised the Age ofEnlightenment.[3] Covering 40 degrees of the night

sky,[2] thetelescopestretched outnorthwardsbetweenSagittariusandScorpius.[4]Lacaille hadLatinised itsname toTelescopiumby 1763.[1]

The constellation was known by other names. It was called Tubus Astronomicus in the eighteenth century,during which time three constellations depicting telescopes were recognised—Tubus Herschelii Majorbetween Gemini and Auriga and Tubus Herschelii Minor between Taurus and Orion, both of which hadfallen out of use by the nineteenth century.[5] Johann Bode called it the Astronomische Fernrohr in his 1805Gestirne and kept its size, but later astronomers Francis Baily and Benjamin Gould subsequently shrank itsboundaries.[6] The much­reduced constellation lost several brighter stars to neighbouring constellations:Beta Telescopii became Eta Sagittarii, which it had been before Lacaille placed it in Telescopium,[7]

Gamma was placed in Scorpius and renamed G Scorpii by Gould,[7] Theta Telescopii reverted to its oldappellation of d Ophiuchi,[7] and Sigma Telescopii was placed in Corona Australis. Initially uncatalogued,the latter is now known as HR 6875.[7] The original object Lacaille had named Eta Telescopii—the opencluster Messier 7—was in what is now Scorpius, and Gould used the Bayer designation for a magnitude 5star, which he felt warranted a letter.[7]

Characteristics

A small constellation, Telescopium is bordered by Sagittarius and Corona Australis to the north, Ara to thewest, Pavo to the south, and Indus to the east, cornering on Microscopium to the northeast. The three­letterabbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1922, is 'Tel'.[8]The official constellation boundaries, as set by Eugène Delporte in 1930, are defined by a quadrilateral(illustrated in infobox). In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borderslie between 18h 09.1m and 20h 29.5m, while the declination coordinates are between −45.09° and−56.98°.[9] The whole constellation is visible to observers south of latitude 33°N.[10][a]

Notable features

Stars

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See also: List of stars in Telescopium

Within the constellation's borders, there are 57 stars brighter than or equal to apparent magnitude 6.5.[b][10]With a magnitude of 3.5, Alpha Telescopii is the brightest star in the constellation. It is a blue­whitesubgiant of spectral type B3IV which lies around 250 light­years away.[12] It is radiating nearly 800 timesthe Sun's luminosity, and is estimated to be 5.2±0.4 times as massive and have 3.3±0.5 times the Sun'sradius.[13] Close by Alpha Telescopii are the two blue­white stars sharing the designation of DeltaTelescopii. Delta¹ Telescopii is of spectral type B6IV and apparent magnitude 4.9,[14] while Delta²Telescopii is of spectral type B3III and magnitude 5.1.[15] They form an optical double,[16] as the stars areestimated to be around 710 and 1190 light­years away respectively.[17] The faint (magnitude 12.23) Gliese754, a red dwarf of spectral type M4.5V, is one of the nearest 100 stars to Earth at 19.3 light­yearsdistant.[18] Its eccentric orbit around the Galaxy indicates that it may have originated in the Milky Way'sthick disk.[19]

At least four of the fifteen stars visible to the unaided eye are orange giants of spectral class K.[20] Thesecond brightest star in the constellation—at apparent magnitude 4.1—is Zeta Telescopii, an orangesubgiant of spectral type K1III­IV.[21] Around 1.53 times as massive as the Sun, it shines with 512 times itsluminosity.[22] Located 127 light years away from Earth, it has been described as yellow[16] or reddish inappearance.[23] Epsilon Telescopii is a binary star system:[24] the brighter component, Epsilon Telescopii A,is an orange giant of spectral type K0III with an apparent magnitude of +4.52,[25] while the 13th magnitudecompanion, Epsilon Telescopii B, is 21 arcseconds away from the primary, and just visible with a 15 cmaperture telescope on a dark night.[24] The system is 417 light­years away.[26] Iota Telescopii and HD169405—magnitude 5 orange giants of spectral types K0III and K0.5III respectively[27][28]—make up thequartet.[20] They are around 370 and 497 light­years away from the Sun respectively.[26] Another ageingstar, Kappa Telescopii is a yellow giant with a spectral type G9III and apparent magnitude of 5.18.[29]Around 1.87 billion years old, this star of around 1.6 solar masses has swollen to 11 times the Sun'sdiameter.[30] It is approximately 293 light­years from Earth, and is another optical double.[24]

Xi Telescopii is an irregular variable star that ranges between magnitudes 4.89 and 4.94.[31] Located 1079light­years distant, it is a red giant of spectral type M2III that has a diameter around 5.6 times the Sun's,[32]

and a luminosity around 2973 times that of the Sun.[26] Another irregular variable, RX Telescopii is a redsupergiant that varies between magnitudes 6.45 and 7.47,[33] just visible to the unaided eye under goodviewing conditions. BL Telescopii is an Algol­like eclipsing binary system that varies between apparentmagnitudes 7.09 and 9.08 over a period of just over 778 days (2 years 48 days).[34] The primary is a yellowsupergiant that is itself intrinsically variable.[35] Dipping from its baseline magnitude of 9.6 to 16.5,[36] RSTelescopii is a rare R Coronae Borealis variable—an extremely hydrogen­deficient supergiant thought tohave arisen as the result of the merger of two white dwarfs; fewer than 100 have been discovered as of2012.[37] The dimming is thought to be caused by carbon dust expelled by the star. As of 2012, fourdimmings have been observed.[37] PV Telescopii is a class B­type (blue) extreme helium star that is theprototype of a class of variables known as PV Telescopii variables. First discovered in 1952, it was found tohave a very low level of hydrogen. One theory of its origin is that it is the result of a merger between a

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The globular cluster NGC 6584, asobserved with the Hubble SpaceTelescope

helium­ and a carbon­oxygen white dwarf. If the combined mass does not exceed the Chandrasekhar limit,the former will accrete onto the latter star and ignite to form a supergiant. Later this will become an extremehelium star before cooling to become a white dwarf.[38]

While RR Telescopii, also designated Nova Telescopii 1948, is often called a slow nova, it is now classifiedas a symbiotic nova system composed of an M5III pulsating red giant and a white dwarf; between 1944 and1948 it brightened by about 7 magnitudes before being noticed at apparent magnitude 6.0 in mid­1948.[39] Ithas since faded slowly to about apparent magnitude 12.[40] QS Telescopii is a binary system composed of awhite dwarf and main sequence donor star, in this case the two are close enough to be tidally locked, facingone another. Known as polars, material from the donor star does not form an accretion disk around thewhite dwarf, but rather streams directly onto it.[41] This is due to the presence of the white dwarf's strongmagnetic field.[42]

Although no star systems in Telescopium have confirmed planets,several have been found to have brown dwarf companions. Amember of the 12­million­year­old Beta Pictoris moving group ofstars that share a common proper motion through space,[43] EtaTelescopii is a young white main sequence star of magnitude 5.0and spectral type A0V.[44] It has a debris disk and brown dwarfcompanion of spectral type M7V or M8V that is between 20 and 50times as massive as Jupiter.[43] The system is complex, as it has acommon proper motion with (and is gravitationally bound to) thestar HD 181327, which has its own debris disk.[45] This latter star isa yellow­white main sequence star of spectral type F6V ofmagnitude 7.0.[46] PZ Telescopii is another young star with a debrisdisk and substellar brown dwarf companion, though at 24 millionyears of age appears too old to be part of the Beta Pictoris movinggroup.[47] HD 191760 is a yellow subgiant—a star that is coolingand expanding off the main sequence—of spectral type G3IV/V.Estimated to be just over four billion years old, it is slightly (1.1 to 1.3 times) more massive as the Sun,2.69 times as luminous, and has around 1.62 times its radius. Using the High Accuracy Radial VelocityPlanet Searcher (HARPS) instrument on the ESO 3.6 m Telescope, it was found to have a brown dwarfaround 38 times as massive as Jupiter orbiting at an average distance of 1.35 AU with a period of 505 days.This is an unusually close distance from the star, within a range that has been termed the brown­dwarfdesert.[48]

Deep sky objects

The globular cluster NGC 6584 lies near Theta Arae and is 45,000 light­years distant from Earth.[23] It is anOosterhoff type I cluster, and contains at least 69 variable stars, most of which are RR Lyrae variables.[49]The planetary nebula IC 4699 is of 13th magnitude and lies midway between Alpha and EpsilonTelescopii.[23]

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The interacting galaxy system NGC6845, as observed with GALEX

IC 4889 is an elliptical galaxy of apparent magnitude 11.3, which can be found 2 degrees north­north­westof 5.3­magnitude Nu Telescopii. Observing it through a 40 cm telescope will reveal its central region andhalo.[50] The Telescopium group is group of twelve galaxies spanning three degrees in the northeastern partof the constellation, lying around 37 megaparsecs (120 million light­years) from our own galaxy.[23] Thebrightest member is the elliptical galaxy NGC 6868,[51] and to the west lies the spiral galaxy (or, perhaps,lenticular galaxy) NGC 6861.[23] These are the brightest members of two respective subgroups within thegalaxy group, and are heading toward a merger in the future.[51]Occupying an area of around 4' × 2', NGC 6845 is an interactingsystem of four galaxies—two spiral and two lenticular galaxies—that is estimated to be around 88 megaparsecs (287 million light­years) distant.[52] SN 2008da was a type II supernova observed inone of the spiral galaxies, NGC 6845A, in June 2008.[53] SN1998bw was a luminous supernova observed in the spiral arm of thegalaxy ESO184­G82 in April 1998, and is notable in that it is highlylikely to the source of the gamma ray burst GRB 980425.[c] [54]

See also

Telescopium Herschelii

Notesa. While parts of the constellation technically rise above the horizon to observers between 33°N and 44°N, stars

within a few degrees of the horizon are to all intents and purposes unobservable.[10]b. Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye in suburban­rural transition night

skies.[11]

c. chances of signals being unrelated is around 1 in 10,000.[54]

ReferencesCitations

1. Ridpath, Star Tales Lacaille.2. Wagman 2003, p. 299.3. Wagman 2003, pp. 6–7.4. Ridpath, Star Tales Telescopium.5. Ellis 1997.6. Allen 1963, p. 414.7. Wagman 2003, p. 300.8. Russell 1922, p. 469.9. IAU, The Constellations, Telescopium.10. Ridpath, Constellations: Lacerta–Vulpecula.11. The Bortle Dark­Sky Scale.12. Kaler, Alpha Telescopii.13. Hubrig 2009.14. SIMBAD HR 6934.15. SIMBAD HR 6938.

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16. Ridpath & Tirion 2007, pp. 242–43.17. van Leeuwen 2007.18. SIMBAD LHS 60.19. Innanen 2010.20. Bagnall 2012, pp. 434–35.21. Gray et al. 2006.22. Liu et al. 2007.23. Streicher 2009, pp. 168–71.24. Ferreira 2009, pp. 166–67.25. SIMBAD Epsilon Telescopii.26. McDonald et al. 2012.27. SIMBAD Iota Telescopii.28. SIMBAD HD 169405.29. SIMBAD Kappa Telescopii.30. da Silva et al. 2006.31. AAVSO NSV 12783.32. Pasinetti Fracassini et al. 2001.33. AAVSO RX Telescopii.34. AAVSO BL Telescopii.35. Zsoldos 1994.36. AAVSO RS Telescopii.37. Tisserand 2012.38. Pandey 2006.39. Robinson 1975.40. Light Curve Generator.41. Gerke 2006.42. Traulsen 2011.43. Smith 2009.44. SIMBAD Eta Telescopii.45. Neuhäuser 2011.46. SIMBAD HD 181327.47. Jenkins 2012.48. Jenkins 2009.49. Toddy et al. 2012, pp. 63–71.50. Bakich 2010, p. 277.51. Machacek et al. 2010, pp. 1316–32.52. Gordon 2003.53. Morrell 2008.54. galama 1998.

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AAVSO. "AAVSO Light Curve Generator". Retrieved 5 September 2013.Otero, Sebastian Alberto (31 July 2006). "BL Telescopii". AAVSO Website. American Association of VariableStar Observers. Retrieved 14 July 2014.Otero, Sebastian Alberto (13 February 2014). "RS Telescopii". AAVSO Website. American Association ofVariable Star Observers. Retrieved 3 July 2014.Otero, Sebastian Alberto (11 November 2011). "RX Telescopii". AAVSO Website. American Association ofVariable Star Observers. Retrieved 26 June 2014.Watson, Christopher (3 May 2013). "NSV 12783". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable StarObservers. Retrieved 2 July 2014.Bortle, John E. (February 2001). "The Bortle Dark­Sky Scale". Sky & Telescope. Sky Publishing Corporation.Retrieved 29 November 2014."Telescopium, constellation boundary". The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved29 September 2012.Kaler, Jim. "Alpha Telescopii". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 29 September 2012.Ian Ridpath. "Lacaille’s Southern Planisphere of 1756". Star Tales. self­published. Retrieved 2 July 2014.Ian Ridpath. "Constellations: Lacerta–Vulpecula". Star Tales. self­published. Retrieved 21 June 2014.Ridpath, Ian (1988). "Telescopium". Star Tales. Retrieved 29 September 2012.

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Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related toTelescopium.

"Epsilon Telescopii – Star in Double System". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Donnéesastronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 30 September 2012."Eta Telescopii". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved2 July 2014."HD 169405". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved26 June 2014."HD 181327". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved2 July 2014."HR 6934". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved29 September 2012."HR 6938". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved29 September 2012."Iota Telescopii". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved26 June 2014."Kappa Telescopii". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg.Retrieved 30 September 2012."LHS 60 ­ High Proper Motion Star". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques deStrasbourg. Retrieved 11 November 2014.

1. Hubrig 2009.

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