Produced by Dawid Krystosiuk

The telephoneThe telephone

The telephone (from the Greek: τῆλε, tēle, "far" and φωνή, phōnē, "voice") is a telecommunications device that is used to transmit and receive sound, usually two people conversing but occasionally three or more. It is one of the most common household appliances in the world today.

Parts of telephoneParts of telephone

Dial of numbersDial of numbers or keyboardkeyboard

ReceiverReceiver

History of the telephoneHistory of the telephone

Credit for inventing the electric telephone remains in dispute. As with other great inventions such as radio, television, light bulb, and computer, there were several inventors who did pioneer experimental work on voice transmission over a wire and improved on each other's ideas. Innocenzo Manzetti, Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray, Alexander Graham Bell, and Thomas Edison, among others, have all been credited with pioneer work on the telephone.

Antonio Meucci Antonio Meucci was an Italian inventor who developed a form of voice communication apparatus in 1857. In 1834 Meucci constructed a type of acoustic telephone to communicate between the stage and control room at the Teatro della Pergola.

This telephone was constructed on the principles of pipe-telephones used on ships and is still working. In 1856 Meucci reportedly constructed the first electromagnetic telephone. He constructed this as a way to connect his second-floor bedroom to his basement laboratory, and thus communicate with his wife.

In 1844 Manzetti first mooted the idea of a “speaking telegraph” (telephone). In 1849 he constructed a flute-playing automaton. It was in the shape of a man, life-size, seated on a chair. As part of the performance it would rise from the chair, bow its head, and roll its eyes. Ever the inventor, Manzetti went on to construct geodetic instruments that he needed for his work as a land surveyor, a bicycle, a piano, and a special pantograph for the reproduction of bass-relieves on ivory, marble or wood. In 1864, in order to give his automaton the power of speech, he finally invented his speaking telegraph.

Innocenzo ManzettiInnocenzo Manzetti

Alexander Graham Bell was born in Scotland in 1847. He was a great scientist and inventor.

Bell learned that sound has vibrations. The vibrations are quick back and forth movements in the air. Deaf people can feel vibrations very well. Bell thought he could use the vibrations to talk to his mother. Bell talked in a low voice close to his mother’s head so that she could feel the vibrations. She could understand what Alexander said.

His mother was deaf. She could not hear. Young Alexander wanted to find a good way to talk to her. Bell wanted to learn about sound. At first, he learned how the tongue, lips and throat make sound.

Bell wanted to see if his dog could make speaking sounds. Bell tried moving his dog’s mouth. He pressed his dog’s mouth as it growled. It sounded as if the dog were talking!

When Bell was 24 years old, he moved to United States. He became a teacher at a school for the deaf in Boston. There he taught deaf people to speak. He taught them how to use their throats to make sounds. He taught them how to move their tongues and lips to turn the sounds into words.

In the 1870s, there were no telephones. Bell wanted to send a person’s voice from one place to another. He made an invention using wires, a mouthpiece and a receiver.

This as one of my first telephones.

On march 10th, 1876, Bell was ready to try out his invention. His helper, Mr. Watson, went into another room where the receiver was. Bell spoke into the mouthpiece.

Mr. Watson heard the shout throuth the receiver.

I’m coming!

Alexander Bell had invented the telephone!!!

Mr. Watson, come here!

W 1877 Bell started his own company. He called it the Bell Telephone Company. Soon there were thousands of people using telephones! Everyone wanted to have one!

The Bell Telephone CompanyThe Bell Telephone Company

Swedish telephone in 1896

Alexander Graham Bell died in 1922.

All phones in the United States were turned off for one minute! It was a great honor for a great man!

Bell invented the telephone. But the telephone had a problem. It was hard for people to hear what was being said.

Edison invented a new part. The new part made it easier to hear what was being said. As a result, the new part made the voices sound louder. It also made the voices clearer. Edison had made a better telephone!

Thomas Alva Edison

The mobile phoneThe mobile phone The mobile phone (also called a wireless phone or cell phone) is a short-range, portable electronic device used for mobile voice or data communication over a network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. In addition to the standard voice function of a mobile phone, telephone, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, email, packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video.

Mobile phones first appeared in 1997, 103 years after the first telephone of 1876. Now they are used on the street, while traveling, or in remote places all over the world.

First telephone weight 42,1 kg. First telephone weight 42,1 kg. It was big like It was big like a a suitcase. suitcase.

It cost like a good car!It cost like a good car!

PayphonePayphone

A payphone or pay phone is a public telephone, with payment made by inserting money (usually coins) or a special telephone card before a call is made. Payphones are very common in the industrialized world, though the rise of mobile phones has meant a decline in usage, and thus, in recent years, a decrease in the availabity of these phones.

Telephone boxTelephone boxTelephone box (in the British Isles) is a small structure furnished with a payphone and designed for a telephone user's convenience. Such a booth usually has a door to provide privacy and a window to let others know if the booth is in use. The booth may be furnished with a printed directory of local telephone numbers, and a booth in a formal setting such as a hotel may be furnished with paper and pen and even a seat. An outdoor booth may be made of metal and plastic to withstand the elements and heavy use, while an indoor booth (once known as a silence cabinet) may have more elaborate architecture and furnishings.

19th century long distance telephony suffered from high losses, so "silence cabinets" were built to allow hearing faint voices from distant places and shouting across a country without disturbing neighbors. Most were on telephone company premises, and luxuriously appointed, until the turn of the century when they began to appear in railway stations, hotels and other places where well-heeled customers were expected. They became commonplace, though less luxurious, in industrialized countries in the 1910s.

Old telephonesOld telephones

Old telephonesOld telephones

Soldiers used these telephones during The World War II.

ImportImportaanntt emergency emergency telephone numbers in telephone numbers in

PolandPoland • Alert number on mobile phone for all – 112112

• Police – 997997

• ambulance – 999999

• fire-brigade – 998998

• DeafDeaf – unable to hear anything or unable to hear very well; in Polish – głuchy,in Italian – In Bulgarian – In Portuguese-• Muthpiece Muthpiece – the part of a telephone;in Polish – mikrofon,in Italian – In Bulgarian – In Portuguese-• Reciver Reciver – the part of telephone;in Polish – słuchawkain Italian – In Bulgarian –In Portuguese -

• ConversationConversation – informal talk;In Polish – rozmowa, konwersacjaIn ItalianIn BulgarianIn Portuguese - • InventorInventor – a person who has invented something;in Polish – wynalazcain Italian – In Bulgarian –In Portuguese - VibrationVibration – quick back and forth movemants in the air;In Polish – wibracja, drganieIn ItalianIn Bulgarian• WireWire – a piece of wire that is used to carry electricity;In Polish – drut, przewódIn Italian• In Bulgarian• In Portuguese -

• Throat – Throat – the back part of your mouth and the passage down your neck through which air and food pass;

In Polish – językIn ItalianIn BulgarianIn Portuguese - • TongueTongue – the soft part inside your mouth that you can

moveIn Polish – językIn ItalianIn BulgarianIn Portuguese -

Author: Dawid Krystosiuk

Primary School No 5, Bielsk Podlaski, Poland