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Tektronix LTE Test SolutionNext Technology Wave for Mobile Networks
March 2009
Source: www.pixelio.de
2009-4-22
Agenda
� LTE Overview
� Tektronix LTE test solution overview
� NSA LTE Monitoring test solution
� K1297-G35 LTE Functional and Load test Solution
2009-4-23
LTE Overview
IMS Core
IMS Core
S4 � SGSNS12 � RNC
S6a � HSS/HLR
MME: Mobility
Management Entity(Control-Plane Function)
Serving Gateway(User-Plane Function)
Evolved UTRAN• No RNC anymore• More intelligence in the
Evolved Node-B
Uu
2009-4-24
� Evolved radio interface leads to high bandwidth efficiency:
– Smart, multi-antenna techniques leads to higher data rates (MIMO)
– Improved error correction in poor signal conditions with HARQ
– Flexible spectrum usage – different bands, varying band sizes
� Optimized packet switched services
– Shared OFDMA channel improves
quality and data rates
– End to end IP for both real-time
(Voice, Video) and non-real time traffic
� Simplified network topology
– Flat, all IP architecture – reduces hardware
requirements and costs for operators
– RNC “disappeared”, eNodeB is a self-governing entity
– Less complex topology leads to lower
latency for the end user
LTE – Next Generation, Improved Possibilities
Camped-state(idle)
Active(Cell_DCH)
Dormant(Cell_PCH)
Less than 100msec
Less than 50msec
2009-4-25
LTE – Next Generation, New Challenges
� High speed, high capacity air interface– Single UE can support 150 Mbit/s in DL and up to 50 Mbit/s in UL
– Single cell can support data rates of up to 330 Mbit/s
� Removal of RNC “control” function– RRM-related protocols and measurement reports no longer
available on a wireline interface to determine air interface proceduresand performance
– Traditional monitoring point for air functionality disappears
� Air interface is more robust but also more complex
� How can the functionality and “information” be tested and accessed? How many UEs can be supported?
CPRI/OBSAI/Debug port
e-Node Be-Node B
150 Mbit/s
Evolved PacketCore
X2
S1
S1
S1
S1
e-Node Be-Node B
MME
SAE-GW
MME
SAE-GW
2009-4-26
Tektronix – A Solid Partner for the LTE Lifecycle
Operate, Monitor, Manage, Optimize
Verify Equipment Design and Integrate into Network
NetworkElementTest
SystemsIntegration
Test
Inter-operabilityTest
FieldTrial
Installation &
Commission
AcceptanceTest
NetworkMaintenance& Restoration
NetworkOptimization
ServicePerformance& Quality
Management
ResourceProvisioning& Allocation
Geoprobe for 24/7 NetworkManagement and Performance
Market leader for service
monitoring and management
NSA for I&V, IOT, Trials, Live Networks and OptimizationMarket leader for deep-dive trouble-
shooting and optimization applications
G35 for Functional & LoadMarket leader for functional and
system verification, IOP and load testing
0% churn of Tektronix customers in lab and operator environments
Tektronix maintains >35% share of OSS and non-OSS markets
2009-4-27
Tektronix Communications
Markets and Products
Functional& Load Test
WirelessField Test
Stationary/PassiveMonitoring
Network Diagnostics
Network Management
Tektronix Communications Markets Served
Communications Business SectorsFocus on High Growth Areas
Triple Play PSTNWirelessBroadband
2.5G,EDGE
3G,UMTS,
UTRAN, TD-SCDMA
3G+,WiMax,
LTE/UWB,UMA
VoiceoverIP
VideooverIP
LegacyGSM &
SS7
IMS
Fixed Mobile Convergence
DataoverIP
Market DriversWireless anytime, anywhere
IP-ization
Network Optimi-zation
PortableMonitoring
NSA = Network & Service Analysis of the Complete Pallet of Mobile Network Technologies
2009-4-29
Committed to LTE/SAE, and a proud member of the
� Considered as a highly competent, reliable technology partner, Tektronix consistently wins LTE technical evaluations
– „Only T&M that has the right strategy both for LTE labs, and for LTE live network environments“
– “Deservedly reputable for protocol development”
– „Excellent feature set for field analysis”
– „Best tool available on the market“
� Considered as LTE T&M thought leaders, Tektronix is invited by leading operators to:– Develop MNO LTE RFP specs
– Participate in trial environments
– Partner on devising cost-effective 24/7 LTE monitoring strategies
UE eNodeB
eNodeB
Serving
Gateway
MME
SGSN
HSS
PDN
Gateway
PCRF
IMS, PSSUu S1-U
S1-MME
X2
S3
S4
S6a
S11
SGi
S7 Rx+
GERAN
UTRAN
2009-4-210
Challenges of LTE /SAE
LTE Challenges
� Volume of data to monitor– High speed, high capacity air interface
– Single UE can support 100 Mbit/s
– Single Cell can support data rates of up to 330 Mbit/s
– 10 Gbit/s wireline interfaces as standard
� Removal of RNC „control“ function– Measurement reports no longer available on a wireline interface to determine air
interface performance
– Traditional monitoring point for air functionality disappears
� Accessing key air interface information with current toolset difficult
2009-4-211
Importance of air interface testing
� For Vendors
– Provides deep dive insight of
eNodeB functionality– Does lower layer functionality
perform as expected?
– Do all layers of the stack function as required?
– How do lower layer issues impactupper layer services?
� For Operators
– Allows the operators to evaluate– eNodeB performance
– Handset performance
– Radio network performance
– User service experience
2009-4-212
Desired insight into the air interface
Basic radio bearer control analysis
Basic admission control analysis
Advanced radio bearer control analysis
Admission quality control analysis
Advanced connectivity analysis
Dynamic resource allocation analysis
Scheduling analysis
Basic control plane load balancing analysis
Inter-RAT resource management analysis
Admission control efficiency analysis
Advanced user plane load balancing analysis
Basic connectivity control analysis
Is the RAN functioning?
How well is the RAN functioning?
How can the RAN optimally function?
2009-4-213
Accessing the air interface with the K2Air probe
CPRI/
MAC
PHYMME
SAE-GWMME
SAE-GW
External IP-Network
MAC
PHY
X2
S1UuUL & DL
Tektronix K2Air Probe
Tektronix NSA/Optimon
e-NodeB
Tektronix K18 /K20for fixed interfacedata collection
e-NodeB
LTE Ue
S*
Uu
Uu
Monitoring point
UP-PDUs
GTP-U
UDP
Data Link
PHY
NAS
S1-AP
SCTP
Data Link
PHY
IPX2-AP GTP-U
SCTP
IP
Data Link
PHY
UDP
UP
PDCP
RLC
RRC
PDCP
RLC
NAS
2009-4-214
K2Air Probe - Basic functionalities
Uplink/Downlink Receiver:� Time- and frequency- synchronisation
� Real-time OFDMA / SC FDMA processing� Channel estimation, Channel Correction
� Common phase error correction
� Deframing,demultiplexing,demodulation,descrambling, rate
matching and deinterleaving� HARQ (soft combining), FEC decoder, Channel mapping
� Transport channel interface (to MAC layer)
MIMO Support
� 2 x 2 MIMO reception� 4 x 4 MIMO reception ( optional )
� FDD and TDD
Interfaces:�1* I&Q digital, optical and electrical
�2 x 1GBit Ethernet Interface�USB Interface
�External 38,4 MHz reference clock input
Mechanical:�Stand alone device�19 “ , 1 HU housing
�Power consumption max. 100W
Interface and Control Logic:�CPRI interface
�Clock and Frame recovery
�Global System Control unit
CPRI
MAC
PHYMAC
PHY
UuUL & DL
e-NodeBMME
SAE-GW
Tektronix NSA/Optimon
Real-Time, Promiscuous Mode, UL/DL Monitoring of up to 300 Users
2009-4-215
Uu Probe - Physical Layer Measurements
CPRI
MAC
PHYMAC
PHY
UuUL & DL
e-NodeB
Tektronix LTE Uu Probe
Tektronix NSA/OptimonPhysical Layer Measurements� RF parameter measurement ( Rx power, RX
bandwidth)� Measurement of clock & timing offsets � Frequency offset measurement� External reference input for connection of
high-accurate Rubidium-Frequency-Generator
� Time & frequency domain signal capturing and analysis
� Constellation diagram analysis per resource block / OFDM symbol / subcarrier
� Measurement of channel transfer function� Real time reception of all LTE compliant
Physical layer modes and modulation formats� Decoding and analysis of LTE UL & DL
channels� HARQ measurements� BER measurements and CRC� Channel quality information (CQI)
Measurements
UP PDURRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
2009-4-216
Uu Probe/ MAC Layer Measurements
MAC Layer Measurements�Basic MAC layer functionality: �Mapping transport channels to MAC PDU and vice versa�Extended MAC layer functionality: �Control and scheduling of up to 8 CID and up to 8 HARQ processes per UE (TDD – up to 16)�Measurement and analysis of logical channels and transport channels�Measurement and analysis of scheduler information
�HARQ measurements�Radio Resource Allocation Measurement�Measurement of QoS priority handling
CPRI
MAC
PHYMAC
PHY
UuUL & DL
e-NodeB
Tektronix LTE Uu Probe
Tektronix NSA/Optimon
UP PDURRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
2009-4-217
RF Spectrum Analysis in a Protocol Analyzer
Supporting RF Connectivity Analysis• Input power and received bandwidth• Clock and Timing Offset• Frequency Offset
Resource Usage Analysis• Time and Frequency Domain Signaling and resource block/OFDM symbol/sub-carrier usage
Channel Quality and Error Control Analysis• CQI, HARQ, BER and CRC measurements
2009-4-218
LTE RAN Monitoring – Functionality comparison
Basic radio bearer control analysis Fix
ed
line
monitori
ng
K2A
ir P
robe
Depth
of
insig
ht
Basic admission control analysis
Advanced radio bearer control analysis
Admission quality control analysis
Advanced connectivity analysis
Dynamic resource allocation analysis
Scheduling analysis
Basic control plane load balancing analysis
Inter-RAT resource management analysis
Admission control efficiency analysis
Advanced user plane load balancing analysis
Basic connectivity control analysis
2009-4-219
� LTE Probes– K2x GbE probe for high load environments
– High Density – up to 12 Rx 100/1000 ports
– High Capacity – up to 7.5 Gbit/s input, 2.5Gbit/s output
– High flexibility – Multiple HW filters, working at line rate
– K18 GbE probe for lower load environments– 4 Rx 100/1000 Mbit/s ports per probe
– Multiple HW filters, working at line rate
� Optimal scalability: single probe to seamless multi-probe installations
� Optimal capacity: solutions for higher and lower load environments
LTE Wireline Interface Probes
2009-4-220
NSA LTE – Call Trace and Session Statistics
Bottom up approach to troubleshooting:• Distribution of every protocol message
• Graphical and numerical views of statistical data• Graphical display of events by time
• Direct access to message details
• „Drill up“ from single messages to entire call flow
Top down approach to troubleshooting:• Every transaction identified and classified
• Correlation of all messages in each transaction
• Easy filtering of events by e.g. IMSI/IMEI
• Powerful filtering options to minimize data• Direct access to message details
• „Drill down“ to bits and bytes of every message
� 360° network performance view with seamless wireless & wireline interface correlation� Uu, S* and X2 support available
2009-4-221
Message Statistics – all parameters, all interfaces
Statistical and call based KPI analysis
� Broad scan allows quick identification of existing/developing issues
� Stability issues easily identified via distribution over time displays
� Multi interface KPI aggregation and analysis
2009-4-222
NSA LTE – Service Layer Analysis at the Air Interface
Identifiying end user issues
� Visualization of throughput on each
layer
� Correlation of activities e.g. handover
� „Switch“ on/off parameters as required
� Graphical analysis of RF quality
� Radio Chart analysis: Cell-, User- and Call-based
� KPI User plane analysis on Uu interface
2009-4-223
NSA Monitoring Test Summary
Tektronix provides operators and vendors with an LTE solution that:
� Provides deep dive air interface analysis with the K2Air Probe
� Ensures a 360° view of network performance with seamless wirelessand wireline interface correlation
� Extends its market leading inter-operability features to LTE
� Meets and exceeds theload requirements of LTE
� Prevents critical insight intoIP services QoS
2009-4-225
eUTRAN Test
G35 LTE/EPC Product PortfolioCore Elements Test
Protocol Analysis and Statistics
– S1-MME, S10, S11 fully
– S1-U, S5, S8 fully
– S6a, S13 fully
Simulation:
– multiple eNB’s on S1
– multiple MME’s on S11 & S10
– multiple S-GW on S11, S5, S8
– multiple eNB’s on X2
HSS, EIR Support
– HSS on S6a
– EIR on S13
Interworking:
– LTE & CDMA2000
– LTE & 2.5G/3G
– LTE & WiMAX
– LTE & IMS
Mobility
– LTE � CDMA2000
– LTE � 2.5G/3G
– LTE � WiMAX
Protocol Analysis and Statistics
– Uu fully
– S1 fully
– X2 fully
Simulation:
– multiple LTE UE’s on Uu
– multiple MME’s on S1
– multiple S-GW on S1
– multiple eNB’s on X2
Uu-Probe Support
– Signalion SORBAS
– Aerfoflex TM500
Interworking Test
2009-4-227
Multi Air-IF Probe Support
� G35
– Simulates protocol layers above
(and including) PDCP
– Decodes down to RLC/MAC layer
– Provides statistics for all protocol
layers, including PHY!
� Uu probe takes care of
RLC/MAC/PHY layer simulation
� G35 RF-Test combined with Uu-
Probe, multi vendor support
– Aeroflex TM500
– Signalion all SORBAS 21x
� Typical timeframe to support
additional Uu-Probes:
– � around 4-6 weeks per probe
2009-4-228
Accessing the Air Interface
� Four possible strategies:
LTE Air Interfaces
CPRI(digital)
OBSAI(digital)
RF Antenna(analog)
Ethernet Port(digital)
� RRH w/ RF receiver and high speed ADC providing IQ-sample stream
� Generally standardized
� Full data availability
� OBSAI provides API between RRH and core eNodeB entity
� Standardized but special vendor implementations exist
� Full data availability
� Port can provide basic level statistics on e.g. admission control, radio bearer control…
� Vendors/3GPP standards must be influenced by operator and initiative groups
� Subset data availability
� Probes hook on RF coax cables
� Issue: System sensitivity changescan influence measurements
� “Test UE” can be used
� Full data availability
2009-4-229
Tektronix G35 meets eUTRAN Challenges
� Uu feature set
– Full Simulation capabilities for PDCP, RRC, NAS and User Plane Protocol Stack
including handover
– Protocol Analysis “down to the bit” for all Protocol Layers including RLC/MAC
– Sophisticated measurement and statistics analysis and presentation for PHY,
RLC/MAC, Layer3 and User Plane data
– Radio bypass on G35 to support RLC/MAC-independent testing (e.g. RRM etc.)
2009-4-230
Tektronix G35 meets eUTRAN Challenges
� G35 provides full test support on S1- and X2-Interface
� Bracket- and E2E-tests around e-NodeB including inter-RAT handover support
� X2/S1 transport layer performance and QoS test
� User Plane:
– Full VoIP and IMS support on
G35
– QoS testing (RTP delay, jitter,
packet loss generation)
– PN9/PN15 Polynomial
generation, BER analysis
� Gateway function to connect external IP-applications, networks and data sources to the LTE-test setup
S1 / X2 Feature Set Other Feature Sets
2009-4-231
Example: e-NB Bracket Test on S1 and Uu
UE-SideUE-Side
S1Uu
e-NodeBe-NodeB
UE Emulation e-NodeB functions/protocols MME/SAE-GW Simulation
NASNAS
RRCRRCUP-PDUsUP-PDUs
PDCPPDCP
RRCRRC
PDCPPDCP
PHYPHY
S1-APS1-AP GTP-UGTP-U
SCTPSCTP
IPIP
Data LinkData Link
PHYPHY
UP-PDUsUP-PDUs
GTP-UGTP-U
UDPUDP
Data LinkData Link
PHYPHY
NASNAS
S1-APS1-AP
SCTPSCTP
Data LinkData Link
PHYPHY
Combined Control and User Plane Testing
MMESAE-GW
MMESAE-GW
MME
SAE-GW Side
IPIP
UDPUDP
UMTS,WiMAX, IMS,
etc.
RLCRLC RLCRLCRF-bypass RF-bypass<IP|UDP…>
G35 legacy support
New Implementation in G35 for LTE
PHYPHY
MACMACMACMAC
L3++
RF-Bypass
G35 - eUTRAN Tester
2009-4-234
EPC Testing Overview
� Key Network Elements
– MME: Mobility Management Entity
– Handles security transactions
– Handles intra-RAT (idle mode support) and inter-RAT mobility– E.g. Handover with CDMA2000 networks
– S-GW: Serving Gateway
– Handles User-Plane transport
– Traffic scheduling / priorititization
– PDN-GW: User-plane interfaces mostly with other non-3GPP networks
� Key 3GPP requirements placed on Evolved Packet Core:
– Use All-IP for end-to-end control-plane transactions
– Interwork with existing 2.5G/3G core network elmts
– E.g. SGSN, HSS/HLR
– Interwork with other mobile technologies
– E.g. CDMA2000 networks, WiMAX, WLAN, etc...
2009-4-235
Example: eUTRAN Simulator on S1
S1
S1S3X2
Uu
Uu
G35 simulates
Combined Control and
User Plane Testing
G35 legacy support
New Implementation in G35 for LTE
2009-4-236
S-GWEmulation
S-GWEmulation
S103
e-UTRAN-Side e-UTRAN-Side
S101
Example: MME Bracket Test on S1, S6a, S13 and S101 1/3
S1
Real MMEReal MME
MME Emulation
S101-APS101-AP
IPIP
DLDL
PHYPHY
UP-PDUsUP-PDUs
IP/UDPIP/UDP
GREGRE
Data LinkData Link
PHYPHY
S101-APS101-AP
UDPUDP
Data LinkData Link
PHYPHY
HRPDAN
HRPDAN
CDMA2000-Side
IPIP
UDPUDP
UP-PDUsUP-PDUs
GTP-UGTP-U
UDPUDP
Data LinkData Link
PHYPHY
S1-APS1-AP
SCTPSCTP
Data LinkData Link
PHYPHY
IPIP
S1-APS1-AP
SCTPSCTP
G35 legacy support
New Implementation in G35 for LTE
NASNAS NASNAS
GTP-CGTP-C
S11
IPIP
DLDL
PHYPHY
IPIP
DLDL
PHYPHY
UDPUDP
HSS EIR
MobilityAuth/SecurityInterworking
…
S6a S13
Diameter Applications
IPIP
G35 - EPC Tester
Control Plane Testing
2009-4-237
Summary: G35 “All-In-One” LTE Solution
� First real LTE Functional & Load Test Platform for all e-NodeBinterfaces
– Complete GUI-based Test Platform
– Multi-UE Simulator
– Multi e-NodeB Simulator
– Sophisticated Functional Test Capability, free programmable
– High Capacity & Load LTE/EPC Network Element Simulator
– Scalable Functional Load/Capacity Test capabilities
– Compliance and IOP Test: TTCN-3 Support, Scripting Support
– External Test Management and Test Automation Integration over
CORBA (Python, Java, C, C++ Examples included)
� “Down to the Bit” Scalable Monitoring
– Detailed Decoding for all Interfaces
– Powerful, customizable statistics&analysis for PHY, MAC, RLC and all
other Layers
– Distributed, multi-interface data aquisition
2009-4-238
Summary: G35 “All-In-One” LTE Solution
� Multi Uu-Probe Support
– Aeroflex
– Signalion
– Radio Bypass
� Multi Technology Support in a box
– LTE
– 2.5G/3G
– WiMAX
– FemtoCell Support
– IMS, Voice/Video over IP
� “All-In-ONE” Solution
– Functional Test & Load Test
– Protocol Analysis
– All mobile technologies incl. TD-SCDMA