Tegner&Dayton81 Se Urchin Pop Rec, And Mortality
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Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser 5: 255-268, 1981
Red urchins, 18m1974-1977, n = 8 3 8
40r 1 1 1
Red urchins, 15m1974 - 1977, n = 74 3
40 r ,
Red urchins, 12m30,1974- 1977, n = 75 3
TEST DIAMETER (mm)
Fig. 3. Strongylocentrotus franciscanus. Size-frequency dis-tributions of red urchin test diameters sampled from
November 1974 through August 1977 at 18 m (A) , 15 m (B )
and 12 m (C )
Strongylocentrotus purpurat us population structures
were similar at all 3 study areas as well as between
years. The annual da ta for the 15m site are in Fig. 4,
the composite data for all sites in Fig. 5. There was no
evide nce of a bimodal size-frequenty distribution for
purple urchins.
Recruitment
Table 1 summarizes the Strongylocentrotus francis-
canus collections by size categories - first, on the basis
of all in dividuals collected a nd secondly, on the basis
of th ose less t han 90 mm avoid the bias resulting fromthe commercial sea urchin fishery. Intensive harvest-
ing of urchins larger th an 90 mm beg an at Point Loma
in 1976 and decreases were observed in th e proportion
Purple urchins, 15m
A
I I . I , . I I I I .
0 20 4 0 6 0 80 I0 0
TEST DIAMETER (mm)
Fig. 4. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Size-frequency dis-
tributions of purple urchin test diameters sampled at 15 m
during 1974 (A). 1975 (B), 1976 (C) and 1977 (D )
Purple urchins, 18m
1974- 1977, n = 583
Purp le urch~ns, 15m1974- 1977, n = 957
Purple urchins, 12m
1974 - 1977, n = 1438
1 1 , , , . . , , r .
0 M 40 60 80 I00 0 2 0 4 O M ) ( 1 O I M )
TEST DIAMETER (mm) TEST DIAMETER (mm1
159.5. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Size-frequency dis-
tributlons of purple urchin test diameters sampled from
November 1974 through August 1977 a t 18 m ( A ) , 15m (B )
and 1 2 m (C )
of large urchins at the 15 and 12 m sites after 1975. For
th e 3 years studied, recruitment of red sea urchins was
regular and substantial in magnitude. As S. francis-
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T e g n e r a n d D a y t o n : P o p u l a t ~ o n y n a m i c s of s e a u r c h ~ n s 2 6 1
F ig . 6 . S t r o n g y l o c e n t ro t u s f r a n ci s c a n u s . T o p : C h a r a c t e r i s t ic d a m a g e t o t e s t s of r e d u r c h i n s b y s h e e p h e a d w r a s s e s S e m i c o s s y p h u s
p u l c h e r w h i c h g e n e r a l ly b r e a k a l a r g e , s y m m e t ri c a l h o l e in t h e o r a l s u r f a c e . B o t t o m : S p i n y l o b s t e r s P a n u l i r u s i n t e r r u p t u s m a y
b r e a k h o l e s i n t h e o r a l o r a b o r a l s u r f a c e s of t h e t e s t o r m a y s i m p l y r e m o v e t h e p e r i s to r n i al m e m b r a n e
urchin around the lower lateral margin with its head.
On several occasions apart from these trials we have
noticed sheep head with sea urchin spines imbedded in
their foreheads. Once dislodged, the urchin was turned
over and attacked in the region of the peristomial
membrane. The Aristotle's Lantern was removed andthe mouth opening enlarged to allow access to the
gonads. The approximately symmetrical circular inci-
sion (Fig. 6) removi ng most of th e oral surface of th e
test is very characteristic of she eph ead predation . The
second mo de of attack was only observed once. A large
male sheephead grabbed an approximately 60 mm S.
franciscanus by the dorsal spines and bash ed it against
a rock until the test was shattered.
As discussed previously, juvenlle red and p urpleurchins seek shelte r under the spin e canopies of adult
red urchins (Te gner and Dayton, 1977). When the
observer removes the adults, a n action mimicking th e
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Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 5: 255-268. 1981
Localized ma ss mortality of red sea urchin, Strongyl ocen-
trotus franciscanus, near Santa Cruz, California. Fish.
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This paper was present ed by Dr N. D. Holland; it was accepted for printing on May 18, 1981