Mgt 20600: Mgt 20600: IT Management & ApplicationsIT Management & Applications

Software (cont.)Software (cont.)TelecommunicationsTelecommunications

TuesdayTuesday

February 28, 2006February 28, 2006

RemindersReminders

ReadingReading– Fundamentals text, Chapter Four, Telecommunications and NetworksFundamentals text, Chapter Four, Telecommunications and Networks

Next weekNext week– Exam OneExam One– Covers chapters 1 and 2, homeworks 1 and 2, all lectures on MIS Covers chapters 1 and 2, homeworks 1 and 2, all lectures on MIS

overview, strategy, hardware, softwareoverview, strategy, hardware, software– 75 points75 points– 38 questions – 2 points each38 questions – 2 points each– Multiple choice, True/False, Modified True/False, Sentence Completion, Multiple choice, True/False, Modified True/False, Sentence Completion,

Short AnswerShort Answer– Most questions will be multiple choice or true/false – approx. 14 or 15 Most questions will be multiple choice or true/false – approx. 14 or 15

of eachof each Exam review sessionExam review session

– Monday, March 6Monday, March 6thth, 7-8pm, DBRT 116, 7-8pm, DBRT 116 Homework ThreeHomework Three

– Telecommunications and Networks, Due March 24th at 5pmTelecommunications and Networks, Due March 24th at 5pm Friday after Spring BreakFriday after Spring Break

Enterprise Application SoftwareEnterprise Application Software

Software that benefits an entire Software that benefits an entire organizationorganization

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) softwaresoftware– Programs that manage a company’s vital Programs that manage a company’s vital

business operations for an entire multisite, business operations for an entire multisite, global organizationglobal organization

Oracle and SAP are the two major vendors Oracle and SAP are the two major vendors of ERP suitesof ERP suites

Oracle E-Business SuiteOracle E-Business Suite

Enterprise Software ApplicationsEnterprise Software Applications

In an ERP suite, all of these applications would be softwaremodules that you could buy separately or in combination

Inter-Enterprise Software ExampleInter-Enterprise Software Example

Software DevelopmentSoftware Development

Proprietary softwareProprietary software– Unique program for a specific Unique program for a specific

application, usually developed and application, usually developed and owned by a single companyowned by a single company

Off-the-shelf softwareOff-the-shelf software– Purchased softwarePurchased software– Customized packageCustomized package

Application Service Provider (ASP)Application Service Provider (ASP)

Software DevelopmentSoftware Development

Do not develop proprietary application software unless Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage.provide a competitive advantage.

BUILD VS. BUYBUILD VS. BUYThe basic arguments in the buy-vs.-build debate remain The basic arguments in the buy-vs.-build debate remain unchanged. unchanged.

WHY BUILD?WHY BUILD? Avoid painful vendor licensing terms Avoid painful vendor licensing terms Gain competitive advantage Gain competitive advantage Adapt to new technology, such as grid computing Adapt to new technology, such as grid computing

WHY BUY?WHY BUY? Leverage vendors’ economies of scale Leverage vendors’ economies of scale Gain broader integration capabilities Gain broader integration capabilities Ensure that code knowledge won’t be lost Ensure that code knowledge won’t be lost

Software Development ExampleSoftware Development Example

Hyundai Information Service North Hyundai Information Service North America LLCAmerica LLC– IT arm of Hyundai Motor AmericaIT arm of Hyundai Motor America– Builds own software offshoreBuilds own software offshore– Why?Why?

More customizationMore customizationSmall, unique applicationsSmall, unique applicationsNo licensing annoyancesNo licensing annoyances

– Example: switch from concurrent users to name Example: switch from concurrent users to name seat licensing would have raised cost by $3,300 seat licensing would have raised cost by $3,300 per user for a purchased applicationper user for a purchased application

Application Service ProvidersApplication Service Providers

Software service providersSoftware service providers– Salesforce.comSalesforce.com– Rearden CommerceRearden Commerce– JRG SystemsJRG Systems

Will hostWill host– Customer relationship management (CRM) systemsCustomer relationship management (CRM) systems– Travel planning systemsTravel planning systems– Supply chain management systemsSupply chain management systems– Many moreMany more

AdvantagesAdvantages– QuickQuick– EasyEasy– Relatively inexpensiveRelatively inexpensive

DisadvantageDisadvantage– Won’t get 100% of the features you want or would get with a Won’t get 100% of the features you want or would get with a

customized software packagecustomized software package Salesforce.comSalesforce.com pioneering software as service pioneering software as service

Software Development:Software Development:Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages

Sets of keywords, symbols, and a system Sets of keywords, symbols, and a system of rules for constructing statementsof rules for constructing statements

Allow humans to communicate instructions Allow humans to communicate instructions to be executed by a computerto be executed by a computer

Syntax: Syntax: a set of rules associated with a a set of rules associated with a programming languageprogramming language

Different languages have characteristics Different languages have characteristics that make them appropriate for particular that make them appropriate for particular types of applicationstypes of applications

Programming Language EvolutionProgramming Language Evolution

Software DevelopmentSoftware Development

Choose a programming language Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are whose functional characteristics are appropriate for the task at hand, appropriate for the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming and experience of the programming staff.staff.

Software DevelopmentSoftware DevelopmentRules to Live ByRules to Live By

Prepare three separate time and cost estimates based on past experience, software functionality Prepare three separate time and cost estimates based on past experience, software functionality and a formal estimating technique, and compare actual results with predictions and a formal estimating technique, and compare actual results with predictions

Adopt a standard notation scheme and methodology for design and coding Adopt a standard notation scheme and methodology for design and coding

Automate control of the development process and link it to a project-management tool Automate control of the development process and link it to a project-management tool

Use joint application design for requirements analysis Use joint application design for requirements analysis

Practice iterative developmentPractice iterative development

Institute a formal change-request process to prevent scope creep Institute a formal change-request process to prevent scope creep

Establish centres of excellence-encourage the development of specialists in each development Establish centres of excellence-encourage the development of specialists in each development procedure procedure

Measure productivity and defect removal Measure productivity and defect removal

Employ component-based development Employ component-based development

Institute version controlInstitute version control

Design and test for usability Design and test for usability

Practice code inspections and walk-throughsPractice code inspections and walk-throughs

Networking and Networking and TelecommunicationsTelecommunications

Effective communications are Effective communications are essential to organizational successessential to organizational success

Why?Why?– Business processes are supported by Business processes are supported by

software that runs over networkssoftware that runs over networks– Must choose right software to support Must choose right software to support

business, then design the right network business, then design the right network to support the operation of the softwareto support the operation of the software

– Processing model will help determine Processing model will help determine what kind of network you needwhat kind of network you need

Basic Processing StrategiesBasic Processing Strategies

Centralized processing: Centralized processing: all all processing occurs in a single location processing occurs in a single location or facilityor facility

Decentralized processing: Decentralized processing: processing devices are placed at processing devices are placed at various remote locationsvarious remote locations

Distributed processing: Distributed processing: computers computers are placed at remote locations but are placed at remote locations but connected to each other via a connected to each other via a networknetwork

Distributed Processing OptionsDistributed Processing Options

Terminal-to-host: Terminal-to-host: the application and database the application and database reside on one host computer, and the user reside on one host computer, and the user interacts with the application and data using a interacts with the application and data using a “dumb” terminal“dumb” terminal

Distributed Processing OptionsDistributed Processing Options

File or Application Server: File or Application Server: the the application or database reside on the one application or database reside on the one host computer, called the file serverhost computer, called the file server

Distributed Processing OptionsDistributed Processing Options

Client/ServerClient/Server

Client: End-user’s computerClient: End-user’s computer PC, mobile device, thin clientPC, mobile device, thin client

Server: Mid-range computerServer: Mid-range computer Dedicated to special function such as Dedicated to special function such as

database server, print server, web database server, print server, web server, application server server, application server

Client and server share in processing taskClient and server share in processing taskExample, the World Wide WebExample, the World Wide Web

TelecommuncationsTelecommuncations

– Telecommunications: Telecommunications: the electronic the electronic transmission of signals for transmission of signals for communicationscommunications

– Telecommunications medium: Telecommunications medium: anything that carries an electronic signal anything that carries an electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving deviceand a receiving device

Telecommunications and Telecommunications and NetworksNetworks

Elements of a Telecommunications System

Transmission MediaTransmission Media

Wired Transmission Media Types

Wired Media TypesWired Media Types

Wireless Transmission Wireless Transmission Media TypesMedia Types

Radio WavesRadio Waves– BluetoothBluetooth

Short distances onlyShort distances only Relatively slow transmission speedRelatively slow transmission speed Developed for inter-device communicationsDeveloped for inter-device communications

– Wi-FiWi-Fi Standard supports up to 54MbpsStandard supports up to 54Mbps Supports longer distances than bluetoothSupports longer distances than bluetooth

InfraredInfrared– Signals sent as light wavesSignals sent as light waves– Short distanceShort distance– Unobstructed line of sightUnobstructed line of sight

MicrowaveMicrowave– High frequency radio signalHigh frequency radio signal– Capable of high-speed transmissionCapable of high-speed transmission– Unobstructed line of sightUnobstructed line of sight– Susceptible to interferenceSusceptible to interference

CellularCellular