Technology of VRTechnology of VR

Group Members:Group Members:

1.1. Azura Mat SalimAzura Mat Salim

2.2. Fadlynna Ilyani ZulkarimFadlynna Ilyani Zulkarim

3.3. Chieng Chin YiChieng Chin Yi

4.4. Ernie Darlina TaibErnie Darlina Taib

5.5. Norkhairul Wahab Norkhairul Wahab

VRMLVRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML)Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) International standard file format International standard file format Describing interactive 3D multimedia on the Describing interactive 3D multimedia on the Internet.Internet. VRML 1.0 created based on the VRML 1.0 created based on the Open Open InventorInventor file format. file format. Capabilities were further extended with the release Capabilities were further extended with the release of VRML 2.0 of VRML 2.0 VRML97 replaced VRML 2.0 as the ISO standard VRML97 replaced VRML 2.0 as the ISO standard

VRML FeaturesVRML Features VRML defines most common attributes found VRML defines most common attributes found in 3D applications in 3D applications Transformation, texture mapping viewpoints and Transformation, texture mapping viewpoints and materials materials Able to compose objects for VRML worlds using a Able to compose objects for VRML worlds using a generic text editorgeneric text editor Can be used for defining VRML documents and / or Can be used for defining VRML documents and / or as a file interchange format as a file interchange format Support for various scripting languages (e.g. Support for various scripting languages (e.g. JavaScript) JavaScript)

VRML FeaturesVRML Features Uses a hierarchical scene graph in Uses a hierarchical scene graph in describing 3D objects and worlds describing 3D objects and worlds VRML 2.0 design enables a prototyping mechanism, VRML 2.0 design enables a prototyping mechanism, allows encapsulation and promotes reusability of allows encapsulation and promotes reusability of scene graphs scene graphs VRML browser is required to view VRML objects and VRML browser is required to view VRML objects and worlds. worlds.

VRML ApplicationsVRML Applications Commonly used in creating virtual worldsCommonly used in creating virtual worlds

• Architectural walkthroughsArchitectural walkthroughs• Scientific visualizationScientific visualization• Sntertainment and industrial designsSntertainment and industrial designs

Lacks the networking and database protocols to Lacks the networking and database protocols to create true multi-user interactive 3D worlds create true multi-user interactive 3D worlds

Technology of multi-user worlds requires the Technology of multi-user worlds requires the integration of VRML with other languages such as integration of VRML with other languages such as Java Java

2 key elements in creating a virtual world2 key elements in creating a virtual world• A text editor or build toolsA text editor or build tools• A VRML browser to view the world A VRML browser to view the world

Java3DJava3D Full-featured 3D graphics API Full-featured 3D graphics API Implementation is layered on top of native low-level Implementation is layered on top of native low-level rendering APIs, namely OpenGL and Direct3D rendering APIs, namely OpenGL and Direct3D Part of the Java Media family of APIs Part of the Java Media family of APIs High-level programming languageHigh-level programming language

• Based on JavaBased on Java• Shields users from low-level rendering details e.g. Shields users from low-level rendering details e.g. hardware acceleration. hardware acceleration. • Supports high levels of optimization and multiprocessor Supports high levels of optimization and multiprocessor rendering rendering

Java3DJava3D Easily create virtual worlds that are immersive and Easily create virtual worlds that are immersive and even interactive. even interactive. Lets users to deal with lighting, texture mapping and Lets users to deal with lighting, texture mapping and various other behaviors. various other behaviors. Powerful yet easily mastered graphics capabilities.Powerful yet easily mastered graphics capabilities. Able to support applications that operate on a variety Able to support applications that operate on a variety of output devices of output devices Portability and networking capabilities Portability and networking capabilities May run on different operating systems, different May run on different operating systems, different low-level graphics APIs or different graphics low-level graphics APIs or different graphics hardware. hardware.

Java3D FeaturesJava3D Features

Scene graph programming model Scene graph programming model

Java 3D rendering control Java 3D rendering control

ScalabilityScalability

Convenience and Utility Classes Convenience and Utility Classes

Java3D In A NutshellJava3D In A Nutshell

Basically the Java programming interface for interactive 3D Basically the Java programming interface for interactive 3D graphics. graphics.

Provides developers and users platform-independent, high-Provides developers and users platform-independent, high- performance applications and applets. performance applications and applets.

Greatly simplifies programming as opposed to other low-Greatly simplifies programming as opposed to other low- level APIs such as OpenGL and DirectX. level APIs such as OpenGL and DirectX.

An optional package that is installed on top of Java 2. An optional package that is installed on top of Java 2.

MPEG-4MPEG-4 ISO/IEC standard developed by MPEG (Moving ISO/IEC standard developed by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) Picture Experts Group) Formal ISO/IEC designation is ISO/IEC 14496Formal ISO/IEC designation is ISO/IEC 14496

Became an International Standard in 1999.Became an International Standard in 1999.

MPEG-4 builds on the proven success of three fields: MPEG-4 builds on the proven success of three fields: • Digital television; Digital television; • Interactive graphics applications (synthetic content); Interactive graphics applications (synthetic content); • Interactive multimedia (World Wide Web, distribution of Interactive multimedia (World Wide Web, distribution of and access to content) and access to content)

MPEG-4 FeaturesMPEG-4 Features

For authorsFor authors

• Enables the production of content that has greater Enables the production of content that has greater reusability, greater flexibility reusability, greater flexibility

• digital televisiondigital television• animated graphicsanimated graphics• World Wide Web (WWW) pages and their extensions.World Wide Web (WWW) pages and their extensions.

• Better manage and protect content owner rights.Better manage and protect content owner rights.

MPEG-4 FeaturesMPEG-4 FeaturesFor network service providersFor network service providers

Offers transparent informationOffers transparent information

Can be interpreted and translated into the appropriate Can be interpreted and translated into the appropriate native signaling messages of each network with the help native signaling messages of each network with the help of relevant standards bodies. of relevant standards bodies.

Provides a generic QoS descriptor for different MPEG-4 Provides a generic QoS descriptor for different MPEG-4 media. media.

The exact translations from the QoS parameters set for The exact translations from the QoS parameters set for each media to the network are beyond the scope of each media to the network are beyond the scope of MPEG-4 and are left to network providers. MPEG-4 and are left to network providers.

Signaling of the MPEG-4 media QoS descriptors end-to-Signaling of the MPEG-4 media QoS descriptors end-to- end enables transport optimization in heterogeneous end enables transport optimization in heterogeneous networks. networks.

MPEG-4 FeaturesMPEG-4 Features

For end usersFor end users

MPEG-4 brings higher levels of interaction with MPEG-4 brings higher levels of interaction with content, within the limits set by the authorcontent, within the limits set by the author

Brings multimedia to new networks, including those Brings multimedia to new networks, including those employing relatively low bit rate, and mobile onesemploying relatively low bit rate, and mobile ones

MPEG-4 GoalsMPEG-4 GoalsTo avoid a multitude of proprietary, non-interworking formats To avoid a multitude of proprietary, non-interworking formats and players by providing standardized ways to: and players by providing standardized ways to:

Represent units of aural, visual or audiovisual content, Represent units of aural, visual or audiovisual content, called "media objects“called "media objects“

Describe the composition of these objects to create Describe the composition of these objects to create compound media objects that form audiovisual scenescompound media objects that form audiovisual scenes

Multiplex and synchronize the data associated with media Multiplex and synchronize the data associated with media objects, so that they can be transported over network objects, so that they can be transported over network channelschannels

Interact with the audiovisual scene generated at the Interact with the audiovisual scene generated at the receiver’s end. receiver’s end.

MPEG-4 ImplementationMPEG-4 Implementation Allows for robust communication over limited rate Allows for robust communication over limited rate wireless channels, useful for e.g. mobile videophones wireless channels, useful for e.g. mobile videophones and space communicationand space communication

Allow the transmission and storage of high-quality Allow the transmission and storage of high-quality video suitable for the studio and other very video suitable for the studio and other very demanding content creation applicationsdemanding content creation applications

Interactive web-based video Interactive web-based video

Encode video captures with a hand-held camera Encode video captures with a hand-held camera

Games marketGames market

Overview of Open Inventor Overview of Open Inventor TMTM

Presents a programming model based on a 3D scene Presents a programming model based on a 3D scene database that dramatically simplifies graphics database that dramatically simplifies graphics programmingprogramming..

Based on OpenGL indirectly taking the advantage of Based on OpenGL indirectly taking the advantage of OpenGL such as platform/window-systems independent.OpenGL such as platform/window-systems independent.

Simplifies the software development process and allows Simplifies the software development process and allows very rapid development of graphics applications.very rapid development of graphics applications.

Design & ArchitectureDesign & Architecture Open Inventor includes:-Open Inventor includes:-

• 3D scene database: shapes, property, group, engine, and sensor 3D scene database: shapes, property, group, engine, and sensor object.object.

• Node kits: mechanism for creating pre-built grouping of inventor nodes.Node kits: mechanism for creating pre-built grouping of inventor nodes.• Manipulators: interaction tools for user such as handle box and Manipulators: interaction tools for user such as handle box and

trackball.trackball.• Inventor component library: to provide some high level interactivity Inventor component library: to provide some high level interactivity

task.task. Component library is window-system dependent but is Component library is window-system dependent but is

available for most platforms thus maintaining the common available for most platforms thus maintaining the common look-and-feel for applications across platformslook-and-feel for applications across platforms..

OpenGL is used for all shading, lighting, and drawing via the OpenGL is used for all shading, lighting, and drawing via the GLX extension provided by OpenGLGLX extension provided by OpenGL..

Design & Architecture (cont’d)Design & Architecture (cont’d) New nodes and behaviors can be added by the programmer New nodes and behaviors can be added by the programmer

in a number of very easy waysin a number of very easy ways.. Dynamic shared objects (DSO) allows any new node to be Dynamic shared objects (DSO) allows any new node to be

available for any Inventor application for reading/rendering.available for any Inventor application for reading/rendering.

Other Languages for VROther Languages for VR

1.1. AC3DAC3D AC3D is popular 3D object/scene modeler available for AC3D is popular 3D object/scene modeler available for

Linux, Windows 95/NT, and SGILinux, Windows 95/NT, and SGI.. It outputs POV-Ray, VRML (1 and 2), RenderMan, Dive, It outputs POV-Ray, VRML (1 and 2), RenderMan, Dive,

MassiveMassive and other format.and other format. BenefitsBenefits

• Multi platform program - AC3D file format compatible across Multi platform program - AC3D file format compatible across platformsplatforms..

• Built-in fast OpenGL 3D renderer with adjustable field-of-view - Built-in fast OpenGL 3D renderer with adjustable field-of-view - instantly see results of your actions in 3D. Spin the model or switch instantly see results of your actions in 3D. Spin the model or switch into 'walk mode' for Quake-style control.into 'walk mode' for Quake-style control.

• 24-bit color palette with adjustable diffuse; ambient; emissive; 24-bit color palette with adjustable diffuse; ambient; emissive; shininess and transparencyshininess and transparency

Other Languages for VR(cont’d)Other Languages for VR(cont’d)

2.2. Minimal Reality.Minimal Reality. Set of software tools for the production of virtual reality Set of software tools for the production of virtual reality

systems and other forms of three-dimensional user systems and other forms of three-dimensional user interfacesinterfaces..

Consists of a set of subroutine libraries, device drivers, Consists of a set of subroutine libraries, device drivers, support programs and a language for describing support programs and a language for describing geometry and behaviorgeometry and behavior..

Benefits:Benefits:• Applications developed using MR will run at most MR sites with little Applications developed using MR will run at most MR sites with little

or no modification to the source code.or no modification to the source code.• Complete source code is provided with the MR distribution (Open Complete source code is provided with the MR distribution (Open

source).source).• The MR toolkit was designed to be easy to extend.The MR toolkit was designed to be easy to extend.

Other Languages for VR(cont’d)Other Languages for VR(cont’d)

3.3. TCL/TKTCL/TK Visual Tcl is a high-quality application development Visual Tcl is a high-quality application development

environment for UNIX, Windows, Macintosh, and AS400 environment for UNIX, Windows, Macintosh, and AS400 platformsplatforms..

Features:Features:• Extensible widget and geometry manager support.Extensible widget and geometry manager support.• Create compound widgets and widget libraries.Create compound widgets and widget libraries.• Visual Tcl features new ready-to-use widgets: combo box, Visual Tcl features new ready-to-use widgets: combo box,

multicolumn list box, progress bar.multicolumn list box, progress bar.• Predefined compounds available including scrolled text, scrolled list Predefined compounds available including scrolled text, scrolled list

box, scrolled canvas, horizontal and vertical splitters.box, scrolled canvas, horizontal and vertical splitters.

Other Languages for VR(cont’d)Other Languages for VR(cont’d)

4.4. X3DX3D Next-generation open standard for 3D on the webNext-generation open standard for 3D on the web.. Extensible standard that can easily be supported by Extensible standard that can easily be supported by

content creation tools, proprietary browsers, and other content creation tools, proprietary browsers, and other 3D applications3D applications..

Replaces VRML, but also provides compatibility with Replaces VRML, but also provides compatibility with existing VRML content and browsersexisting VRML content and browsers..

Benefits:Benefits:• There are significant commercial and open-source movements for There are significant commercial and open-source movements for

advancing X3D.advancing X3D.• X3D content is modular and reusable.X3D content is modular and reusable.• X3D supports optional XML encoding for tight integration with other X3D supports optional XML encoding for tight integration with other

Web technologies.Web technologies.

SummarySummaryVRMLVRML JAVA3DJAVA3D MPEG4MPEG4 Open Open

I’ventorI’ventorAC3DAC3D Minimal Minimal

RealityRealityTcl/TkTcl/Tk x3Dx3D

GenreGenre format for format for interactivinteractive 3D on e 3D on webweb

3D 3D graphicsgraphics

APIAPI

StandardStandard i’active i’active videovideo

ToolkitToolkit

& API for& API for

i’active i’active 3D3D

3D object/3D object/

scenescene

modelermodeler

S’ware to S’ware to produceproduce

VR systemVR system

App.App.

DevelopmDevelopmentent

Environ-Environ-mentment

OpenOpen

Standard Standard for 3D onfor 3D on

webweb

L’guageL’guage VRMLVRML JavaJava C++C++ CallableCallable

Using C, Using C, C++, C++, FortranFortran

Tcl/TkTcl/Tk MultipleMultiple

Multi-Multi-platforplatfor

mm

Scene Scene graph-graph-basedbased

AppsApps I’activeI’active

3D virtual3D virtual

worldsworlds

I’active 3D I’active 3D virtualvirtual

WorldsWorlds

I’active I’active web-web-basedbased

videovideo

I’activeI’active

3D 3D graphicsgraphics

app.app.

Creation Creation of 3D of 3D objectsobjects

VR Sys. VR Sys.

& 3D& 3D

user user interfaceinterface

3D 3D

animationanimation

playerplayer