Technology Frontiers: Text, Sentiment, and Sense
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Transcript of Technology Frontiers: Text, Sentiment, and Sense
Technology Frontiers: Text, Sentiment, and Sense
Seth Grimes@sethgrimes
A Sensemaking Story
New York Times,September 30, 2012
New York Times,September 8, 1957
Valium: A Chain of Connections
Natural Language Processing
By H.P. Luhn, inIBM Journal,April, 1958
http://altaplana.com/ibm-luhn58-LiteratureAbstracts.pdf
Modelling Text
“Statistical information derived from word frequency and distribution is used by the machine to compute a relative measure of significance, first for individual words and then for sentences. Sentences scoring highest in significance are extracted and printed out to become the auto-abstract.”
-- H.P. Luhn, The Automatic Creation of Literature Abstracts, IBM Journal, 1958.
Luhn’s analysis of Messengers of the Nervous System, a Scientific American article http://wordle.net,
applied to the NY Times article
New York Times,September 8, 1957
Luhn’s Example
Close Reading
Can Software Make the Connection?
Mark Lombardi, George W. Bush, Harken Energy and Jackson Stephens, c. 1979-90, Detail
Insight from Connections
… via graphs, clusters, categories, and counts.
… by mining the full set of available data.
http://techpresident.com/news/21618/politico-facebook-sentiment-analysis-bogus
Online & Social Change Everything
(Accessible) Data Everywhere
Lexical, syntactic, and semantic analysis discern features including relationships in source materials.
Features = entities, measure-value pairs, concepts, topics, events, sentiment, and more.
Text analytics may draw on:
• Lexicons & taxonomies.• Statistics.• Patterns.• Linguistics.• Machine learning.
Text Analytics
How?
From POS to Relationships
Understand parts of speech (POS), e.g. – <subject> <verb> <object> –to discern facts and relationships.
Semantic networks such as WordNet are a disambiguation asset.
Clustered Clarity
Carrot2.(open source)
Platforms and ecosystems.
APIs and services.
Text and content analytics --Discerns and extracts features including
relationships from source materials.
Features = entities, key-value pairs, concepts, topics, events, sentiment, etc.
Provide (for) BI on content-sourced data.
Data integration, record linkage, data fusion.
The Back End
Content, Composites, Connections
Content, Composites, Connections, 2
Social Sources
Sentiment Analysis
“Sentiment analysis is the task of identifying positive and negative opinions, emotions, and evaluations.”
-- Wilson, Wiebe & Hoffman, 2005, “Recognizing Contextual Polarity in Phrase-Level Sentiment Analysis”
“Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is the computational study of opinions, sentiments and emotions expressed in text… An opinion on a feature f is a positive or negative view, attitude, emotion or appraisal on f from an opinion holder.”
-- Bing Liu, 2010, “Sentiment Analysis and Subjectivity,” in Handbook of Natural Language Processing
Detection, Classification
Beyond Polarity
Intent Analysis
http://www.aiaioo.com/whitepapers/intention_analysis_use_cases.pdf
http://sentibet.com/
Complications
Sentiment may be of interest at multiple levels.Corpus / data space, i.e., across multiple sources.Document.Statement / sentence.Entity / topic / concept.
Human language is noisy and chaotic!Jargon, slang, irony, ambiguity, anaphora, polysemy,
synonymy, etc.Context is key. Discourse analysis comes into play.
Must distinguish the sentiment holder from the object:“Geithner said the recession may worsen.”
Audio including speech.Images.Video.
http://www.geekosystem.com/facebook-face-recognition/
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167639312000118
http://flylib.com/books/en/2.495.1.54/1/
Beyond Text
Sensemaking
“It is convenient to divide the entire information access process into two main components: information retrieval through searching and browsing, and analysis and synthesis of results. This broader process is often referred to in the literature as sensemaking. Sensemaking refers to an iterative process of formulating a conceptual representation from of a large volume of information. Search plays only one part in this process.”
-- Marti Hearst, 2009 http://searchuserinterfaces.com/
Apply new tech to old needs, e.g., automated coding.
Select from and use all available data.
Marry social to profiles and surveys.
Factor in behaviors.
Interpret according to context and needs.
Understand intent to create situational predictive models.
Explore; experiment.
Suggestions
Racing On
Technology Frontiers: Text, Sentiment, and Sense
Seth Grimes@sethgrimes