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Transcript of Technologiesfor LTEadvanced
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All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Technologies for LTE-Advanced
Michael Ohm, Volker Braun, Uwe Doetsch, Cornelis Hoek, Howard Huang, Hans-Peter Mayer,
Le Hang Nguyen, Michael Schmidt, Reinaldo Valenzuela, Sivarama Venkatesan, Andreas Weber, Thorsten Wild
Bell Labs, Radio access domain
Wireless Communication and Information, October 2008
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Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Advanced MIMO schemes
3. Advanced single-site MIMO schemes
4. Advanced multi-site MIMO schemes
5. Conclusion
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1Introduction
3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced
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Where do we start?
Key features of LTE
Air interface
OFDMA in downlink (orthogonal frequency division multiple access)
SC-FDMA in uplink (single-carrier frequency division multiple access, i.e. DFT-spread OFDM)
Scalable bandwidth: 1.25 MHz up to 20 MHz
Frequency-reuse 1 system: Neighboring cells w/ the same carrier frequency
Multiple transmit and receive antennas at the eNodeB (i.e. base station)
Single transmit and multiple receive antennas at UE (i.e. mobile station)
Focus on FDD, but TDD option is also standardized (frequency/time division
multiple access)
Flat hierarchy in radio access network (RAN)
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Where do we start?
Multi-antenna schemes in LTE
Open-loop schemes Closed-loop schemes
SFBC(Transmit Diversity)
PARC PSRC(Precoding)
MU-MIMO
Multiple Tx/Rx antennas
PARC ... Per antenna rate conrol
PSRC ... Per stream rate control
MU ... Multi user
SFBC ... Space-frequency block coding
Multi-Antenna / MIMO schemes are an integral part of 3GPP LTE
LTE MIMO schemes are single-site schemes
(i.e. operation per cell)
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Where do we want to go?
Ambitious performance improvements for LTE-Advanced
LTE-Advanced performance targets:
High peak data rates of 1 Gbit/s in the downlink (DL) and 500 Mbit/s in theuplink (UL)
High peak spectrum efficiencies of 30 bit/s/Hz in the DL and 15 bit/s/Hzin the UL using antenna configurations of up to 8x8 in the DL and 4x4 in the
UL
High average spectrum efficiencies of up to 3.7 bit/s/Hz/cell in the DL(4x4) and 2.0 bit/s/Hz/cell in the UL (2x4)
High cell edge spectrum efficiencies of 0.12 bit/s/Hz in the DL (4x4) and0.07 bit/s/Hz in the UL (2x4)
High spectrum flexibility, e.g. spectrum allocations up to 100 MHz
Backward compatibility to LTE
Performance targets in 3GPP TR 36.913 v8.0.0 Requirements for Further
Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced), June 2008
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Candidate Technologies for Performance Improvements with LTE Advanced
EnablingTechnology
CollaborativeMIMO/
Network
MIMO
LowerBackhauling
Latency
AdditionalStandardizedMeasurements
LargerBandwidths
Beamforming/Spatial
ComponentICIC
Time/Freq.Dynamic
ICIC
DynamicSpectrum
Access
Coordinated multi-point transmission and reception
Candidate Technology for LTE Advanced
AcceleratedProcedures
(Access,HO)
SONManagement
Mobility enhancements
Support of wider bandwidth > 20 MHz
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2Advanced MIMO schemes
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Generalized spatial multiplexing
Cell edge user rateSingle-stream
Peak user rateSU-MIMO SMUX
Cell spectral efficiencyMU-MIMO, 1 stream/user
Generalized multi-streamK streams for N users
With M base station antennas, it is
possible to transmit up to M spatial
streams.
Generalized spatial multiplexing
distributes M streams optimally on a
frame-by-frame basis.
- Performance will be better thanSU-MIMO or MU-MIMO alone
because it each is a special case.
- Adapts transmission strategy for
each mobile individually based on
the number of antennas.
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Key technologies in Multi-mode Adaptive MIMO
Cellular system
Collaborative/Network
MIMO MU-MIMO
SU-MIMO
MIMO channel
SU-MIMO enhancement
Closed-loop MIMOIterative MIMO receiver
MU-MIMO optimization
MU precoding algorithm
Trade-off design of scheduler between
complexity and performance
Collaborative/NetworkMIMO/Beam Coordination
Implementation of multi-BS
collaboration with channel
information
Multi-dimension adaptationAdaptation strategy
Multi-variable channel measurementLow-rate feedback mechanism
MulticastAnchor
Serving eNB/
per User
Data + Sync Protocol for DL (Extension of eMBMS protocol); Data + Channel Estimates for UL
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Multi-Mode Adaptive MIMO for DL/UL
Use adaptive MIMO to accommodate demand ofhigher data rate and wider coverage in nextgeneration broadband wireless access SU MIMO for peak user data rate improvement
MU MIMO for average data rate enhancement
Collaborative/Network MIMO for cell edge userdata rate boostA
uniformMIMO
platform
AuniformMIMO
platform
SU-MIMO
MU-MIMO
Collaborative/NetworkMIMO
ad
aptive
selection
MAC layer
Cross-layerdesign
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3Advanced single-site MIMO schemes
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New radio systems for LTE advanced
adaptive 4x2 SU-MIMO with dual X-pol transmit arrays
SINR
UE
velocity
low high
low
high
Polarisation beams
+
Closed-loop Tx
diversity
Polarisation beams
+
Spatial
Multiplexing
Polarisation beams+
Alamouti
A
B
C
/2
Exploit combination of:
Beam switching (always used, low dynamic, low feedback periodicity) plus
Open loop TX diversity in case of high velocity and bad channel quality (no feedbackrequired)
Closed loop TX diversity in case of low velocity and bad channel quality (higherfeedback rate)
Closed loop spatial multiplexing in case of low velocity and good channel quality(higher feedback rate)
Main Advantage:
low feedbackbitrate ->
higher used datarate in the UL
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New radio systems for LTE advanced : Downloadable pre-coding code-books (II)
Adaptive 4x2 SU-MIMO System Performance
Comparison of different Antenna Systems and Precoding Matrices,
500m ISD
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
Spectral Efficiency [bit/s/Hz/sector]
CellBorderThroughput[kbit/s]
500 1x1 Single Antenna TX
500 1x2 Single Antenna TX
500 2x2 CL TX Div & PSRC (36.211)
500 4x2 CL TX Div & PSRC (36.211)
500 4x2 Directional CL TX Div & PARC, 4 Beams, 4 Weights
500 4x2 Directional CL TX Div & PARC, 16 Beam, 8 Weights
1x1
1x2
2x2
4x2
optimized codebook
36.211 codebook
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New radio systems for LTE advanced
Adaptive 8x2 MU-MIMO with polarization beams
Polarization beams for MU-MIMO
Combination of beamforming and
diversity transmission Beamforming for MU SDMA based on
closely spaced antenna elements (/2)
Diversity for link enhancement and
spatial multiplexing, based on cross-polarized antenna elements
Requires optimized codebooks for the
antenna weights
Up to 8 antenna elements in 4x2 X-
pol. configuration in compact housing
+45 pol.
-45 pol.
Dual-strea
mPSRC High SINR
Low velocity,
low SINR
Closed-loopTxDiv
Open-lo
opSFBC
8 Tx in
4 x-pol. pairs
High velocity,
low SINR
BS
MS 1
MS 2
MS 3
MIMOchannel
Polarization
beamforming
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4Advanced multi-site MIMO schemes
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
spectral efficiency [bit/s/Hz]
5-percentile
throughput[kbps]
1x2 SIMO
2x2 SU-MIMO (TxDiv + PARC)
4x2 Grid-of-fixed-beams
4x2 SDMA (GoFB)
4x2 SDMA (GoFB) + intra-site Coop
7x3 cells with wrap around, av. 10 users per cell
10 MHz BW
Control and pilot overhead considered
Score based proportional fair scheduling
NGNM case 1 parameter set:500m ISD, 3km/h, 20 dB Penetr. loss
New radio systems for LTE advanced
SDMA using 4x2 Grid-of-fixed beams
+ Intra-Node BBF co-ordination
+ Intra-Node B
BF co-ordination
+ Inter-Node B
Co-ordination
+ Inter-Node B
Co-ordination
SDMA w/o
BF co-ordination
SDMA w/o
BF co-ordination
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Collaborative/Network MIMO overview
Coordinate transmission and
reception of signals among
multiple bases.
Reduces intercellinterference and improves
cell-edge performance and
overall throughput.
Collaborative MIMO: share
user data and long-term
noncoherent channel
information.
Coherent network MIMO:
share user data and short-
term coherent channel
information.
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New radio systems for LTE advanced
Multi-sector multi-user MIMO for UL - Distributed RRH
Simulation results for 1x4 antenna configuration
(QPSK 1/3, near-uncorrelated antennas)
Up to 4.5 dB SNR gainfor frequency-selective channel
Normalized Throughput
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-8,0 -3,0 2,0 7,0
actual avg. SNR [dB]
Throughput(kbps)
AWGN 4Rx
AWGN 2 Rx
PedB3 4 Rx
PedB3 2 Rx
Throughput gainespecially on cell edge
Clear improvement of Uplink throughput for UEs at cell edge
Improved fairness Candidate for LTE advanced
RemoteRadio
Head
Smart NodeB
Central Unit
SM fibre,
1,25 Gb/s
Remote
RadioHead
Block Error Rate(1st transmission, with 95% confidence interval)
0,1%
1,0%
10,0%
100,0%
-8,0 -3,0 2,0 7,0
actual avg. SNR [dB]
BLER
Princple(Berlin set-up)
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5Conclusion
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Conclusion
Ambitious performance targets for LTE-Advanced
Enhanced single-site transmission schemes
Introduction of multi-site transmission scheme
Adaptive selection of schemes in the network for optimal performance
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