Technologies for Social Inclusion and Public Policy in Latin America

Technologies for Social Inclusion and Public Policy in Latin America

Instituto de Estudios sobre la Ciencia y la TecnologíaUniversidad Nacional de Quilmes - ARG

Hernán Thomas – Director

Mariano Fressoli

Alberto Lalouf

Santiago Garrido

Guillermo Santos

Paula Juarez

Facundo Picabea

Sebastian Montaña

Steps Centre Seminar 17th june – 2010

University of Sussex


Green Technologies

Small is beautifull

Appropiate Technologies

Intermediate technologiesAlternative technologies

Social innovations

Social Technologies

It is possible to define Social Technology as a way of developing and implementing technology aimed to generate social and economic dynamics of social inclusion and sustainable development.

Social Technology extends to a wide spectrum of production: food, housing, energy, drinkable water, transport, and communication, etc.

The main actors involved in the development processes of Social Technology in Latin America are: social movements, popular cooperatives, NGOs, public R&D centres, governmental departments and decentralized institutions, government business enterprises (and, to a lesser extent, private enterprises).



• What are the capacities available in the region in order to develop Social

Technology?

• How to conceive plans of social and economical development based on the

production and implementation of Social Technology?

• How to integrate ultimate user-beneficiaries (social movements, NGOs, grassroots

cooperatives, etc.) in the processes of design and implementation of Social

Technology?

• How to integrate highly quality Science and Technology human resources available

in the region to the design and implementation of Social Technology?

• How to manage and evaluate Social Technology programmes?

Objectives:

• To study and develop a theoretical and methodological framework tailored

for research on Social Technology.

Challenge: adapting existing tools and building up new concepts

• To survey and map institutional experiences and capacities of development

of Social Technology in Argentina, Brasil, Uruguay, Chile and Peru

Challenge: heterogeneous actors (governmental, nongovernmental, from R&D public

institutes, from popular cooperatives, international agencies and enterprises)

Lack of interaction between experiences

• To create capacities in governmental and nongovernmental

organizations for the developing of Social Technologies

Challenge: to articulate networks between different actors / to challenge old –stagnated

trajectories

Technologies for Social Inclusion & Public Policies in Latin America


Theoretical Framework

Social-technical analysis: Social Construction of Technology (Pinch & Bijker) and Actor-Network Theory (Latour, Callon, & Law)

Economics of innovation and technological change (Learning concepts)

Building up new concepts: socio-technical alliance / multiple workings of technology

Key Issue: To learn from the experiences in order to propose new policies in science and technology for developing countries

Research focus

Successful experiences / Failed experiences

Small scale / scaling up?

Fluid Technologies / can they support stable and lasting alliances?

Beyond Technologies for the poor / Technological solutions for everyone


Mist water collectors (atrapanieblas) in Chile(Nylon and Iron structures with a storage and distribution system)

Chungungo, finales de la década del ’80Original objetive of the project: to obtain water for foresting and human supply in small communities

The system was “easy to build and operate”, it required low know how and was simple to understand for users with no technological training. Capacity to collect 237 litres per day

Funded by IDRC and developed by researchers from Universidad Católica de Chile and Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF)

Did it work?• With a strong institutional and financial support, between the

late `80s and 1996, 92 water collectors were installed.

• In 2001, only 12 were still working, but they were used as secondary source complementing other water supply systems

• When the original project support was discontinued, the mist collectors were abandoned

Problems: Implementation and management

Design

Theoretical conception

South AmericaArgentina

Bolivia

Brazil

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

French Guiana

Guyana

Paraguay

Peru

Suriname

Uruguay

Venezuela

Technologies for Social Inclusion and Public Policies in Latin America

Sectors: energy, food, health & housing

Selected Countries:

Argentina

Brasil

Uruguay

Chile

Peru


Bolivia

Brazil

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

French Guiana

Guyana

Paraguay

Peru

Suriname

Uruguay

Venezuela


Sectors: Energy, Food, Health & Housing

First Phase: year 2010

Argentina & Brazil

Exploratory Survey

Case studies

IEC-UNQInstitute for S&T Studies

National University of Quilmes

GAPI – DPCT UNICAMPInnovation policies analisys

Group / S&T Policy Department


Bolivia

Brazil

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

French Guiana

Guyana

Paraguay

Peru

Suriname

Uruguay

Venezuela

Technologies for Social Inclusion and Public Policy


Second Phase: 2011 / 2012

Uruguay, Chile & Peru

Exploratory Survey

Case studies

Argentina


Sectors: Energy, Food, Healthcare & Housing

Extended Research Network

IEC-UNQInstitute for S&T Studies

National University of Quilmes

IPAF-INTAInstitute for Small-scale

Family Farming

INTANational Institute for

Agricultural Technology

PROHUERTA-INTAProgramme for Vegrtable

Gardens Development

INTINational Institute

for Industrial Technology

Water&Youth Movement(NGO)

PROCODAS-MINCyTCouncil for Social Demands Programme

Ministry for S&T

Fac. de Cs. Agrarias-UNMdPFaculty of Agricultural Sciences

National University of Mar del Plata

CEVE-CONICETExperimental Centre for Affordable Housing

National Council for S&T Research

RTS (Brazil)Social Technology Network

Social Movements

R&D InstitutionsR&D Institutions

Government Office


Sectors: Energy, Food, Healthcare & Housing

Research network meeting

30th April 2010University of Quilmes

Ongoing research

Some preliminary results



Argentina

Food and water

Institutions and NGOs that develop Social Technologies in Argentina

Aprox. 50 organizations developing and implementing Social Technologies

(including: NGOS, Universities and social cooperatives)

What kind of technologies?– Aprox. 20 kinds of organic production systems (family vegetable gardens,

retrieving and improvement of indigenous techniques, etc.),

– Small development of low cost agricultural machinery (simple threshers, sugar milling machinery, etc.).

– Incipient development of water collection and purification systems

– Only 5 experiences have been identified involving intensive knowledge developments of food production (bio-technologies, canned food, etc.)

Based on distribution of seeds and learning materials for sowingReach almost 3 million people in Argentina (mainly poor people)Attempts to build up cooperatives for commercialization

Some problems: Low quality of seedsDifficulties to scale up the experienceLack of interaction with other agricultural sectors

Programme PRO HUERTA (1990-2010)National programme for vegetable garden by INTA (National Institute of Technological

Agriculture) – ARG.

Alternative energies in Argentina

INENCO (Salta)LAVH-INCIHUSA (Mendoza)GRUPO CLIOPE-UTN (Mendoza)FUNDACIÓN ECOANDINA (Jujuy)GENOC - INTEC (Santa Fe)GER – UNNE (Corrientes)GES – UNRC (Córdoba)GITEA – UTN (Chaco)IDEAHAB – UNLP (Buenos Aires)IEDS – CNEA (Buenos Aires)LEA – UNR (Rosario)LES – UNSL (San Luis)TEKNYCAMPO (Santa Fe)INIBIOMA – UNCOMA (Río Negro)

ESCUELA AGROTÉCNICA Ramón Santamarina-Necochea)

EATA (Tres Arroyos)

BIOCOOP (Hurlingham)

MUNICIPALIDAD DE MALVINAS ARGENTINAS

BIOCOLÓN (Entre Ríos)

INTIINVAP (Río Negro)GIACOBONE (Río Cuarto)TEKNYCAMPO (Santa Fe)

FUNDACIÓN PROTEGER

INTI

INTA

SECRETARÍA DE AMBIENTE PCIA. DE CORRIENTES

FUNDACIÓN UOCRA (Chubut)

Biodiesel (recycled cooking oil)

Biogas (waste digester)

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Solar technologies in Mendoza (western Argentina)National Technological University - Mendoza

Solar kitchens designed and adapted to local conditions

There is some participation of users in the design and management of installed kitchens

Problems of scaling up

37 public funded laboratories produce generic drugs

Aimed to satisfy basic health problems in poor populations

Industrial Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Santa Fe province (LIF)

2008 -2010

10,5 millions doses of cefalexin 500 mg (antibiotic) for public distribution 10 millions doses of amoxicilin for public distributionProblems: they do not produce endogenous innovationsR&D capabilities is lacking or dormant

Healthcare: Public production of drugs

This design has received several awards

Evaluations based on technical characteristics: mechanical resistance, UV absorption, fire resistance, weight, porosity, etc.

Problems: Low applications in housing

Lacks of socio-economical studies

There is no environmental study

Recycled Bricks from PET (polietilen-tereftalato), (http://www.ceve.org.ar/ttplasticos)

Housing Technologies

http://www.ceve.org.ar/ttplasticos

Based on a self-construction technology named UMA.

The main point of Villa Paranacito Experience was to develop a new model of Management for self-construction with participation of local actors. It attempts to integrate in the same project production of materials and self-construction

20 houses built up in Villa Paranacito, Entre Ríos (Argentina).

Problems: Small Scale

There is no link with wider urban planning issues

Villa Paranacito Experiencehttp://www.ceve.org.ar/sistemauma.html

Actual challenges:

Building visibility and forging links between social actors

Co-organization of the 2nd Fair of Social and Sustainable Technologies (October 2010)

Along with Water & Youth Movement and PROCODAS - MINCYT

Building up a blog on Social Technologies:

http://www.tecnologiassociales.blogspot.com/

To interact and collaborate with other researchers in Latin America and rest of the world

http://www.tecnologiassociales.blogspot.com/

Many Thanks!!!

Mariano Fressoli

[email protected]

IEC – UNQ

Technologies for Social Inclusion and Public Policy in Latin America

Education

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