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Technological Change and Population Growth. Stage 1: Hunting and Gathering.
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Transcript of Technological Change and Population Growth. Stage 1: Hunting and Gathering.
Technological Change and Population Growth
Stage 1: Hunting and Gathering
Stage 1: Hunting and Gathering
▪In the earliest stages of human history people were nomadic hunters and gathers
▪Women and children gathered food which provided a meager but reliable source of nutrition
▪Men went hunting which furnished occasional feasts but not with regularity
▪Feasts of meat allowed people to build up reserves of fat and survive hungry times
Stage 1: Hunting and Gathering
▪People were always at the edge of starvation▪Very lagre area of land was needed to support a small
population▪Therefore the world’s carrying capacity was low and world
population was limited to a few tens of millions▪Before a substantial increase could occur, a new means of
support had to be developed
Stage 2: The Agricultural Revolution
▪The discovery of agriculture remains the most important invention in human history
▪Without it, none of the cultural and technological advances since would have been possible
Stage 2: The Agricultural Revolution
▪Agriculture was first practiced almost 10 000 years ago in what is now Israel, Jordan, southern Turkey and western Iran
▪It later spread to China, India, parts of Africa (notably Egypt) and the Americas
Stage 2: The Agricultural Revolution
▪The most important result of farming was the creation of a food surplus which had some staggering impacts
▪The agricultural revolution had a profound impact on the world’s population
▪Much more food could be produced for each square kilometre of land, increasing the carrying capacity significantly
▪Specific inventions increased productivity, from basic irrigation to Jethro Tull’s invention of the seed drill in 1701
Stage 3: The Industrial Revolution
▪By the 1700's agriculture and the production of manufactured goods in more technologically developed parts of the world (e.g. western Europe) had become quite advanced
▪This was limited by the first “energy crisis”, where the only source of energy was muscle power, either human or domesticated animal
▪The true beginning of the Industrial Revolution was the development of non- muscular sources of power
Stage 3: The Industrial Revolution
▪The earliest sources of non- muscular power were windmills and water wheels - clean, renewable energy providers
Stage 3: The Industrial Revolution
▪Coal power was developed during the latter half of the 18th century and it provided an exponential increase in the available energy
▪A century later oil was found to be even more efficient and began to replace coal in many applications (e.g. locomotives)
Stage 3: The Industrial Revolution
▪These new power sources changed the nature of life
▪One person’s efforts were multiplied many times by the use of external power sources
▪One’s physical strength became less important than one’s skills and intellect
▪The agricultural economy was transformed by these new technologies
Stage 3: The Industrial Revolution
▪In 1837 John Deere introduced the steel plow
▪Without this plow agriculture in Canada and the United States would not have developed as much
Stage 3: The Industrial Revolution
▪Because of this new invention fewer farm workers were needed
▪The amount of food produced was greater than before▪Surplus agricultural workers migrated to cities or sometimes,
new countries
Stage 3: The Industrial Revolution
▪Migration to cities began the great urban boom
Stage 3: The Industrial Revolution▪Immigration to the
colonies (later, independent countries) greatly changed the population in those parts of the world
▪Immigration continues to change the face of Canada today
The Industrial Revolution greatly increased the carrying capacity of the earth