Techno Parks

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SUBMITTED TO:

PROF. RENU KHANDELWAL

2007-

08

SUBMITTED BY:

SHAILESH GORI

ROLL NO 78

T.Y.BCOM

A PROJECT REPORTON

TECHNO PARKS


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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE 2007

DECLARATION

I Mr. SHAILESH GORI of Royal College of TYBCOMHereby Declare That I Have Completed This Project OnTechno Parks In The Academic Year 2007-08 . ThisInformation Submitted Is True & Original To The Best Of My Knowledge.

Signature of student

CERTIFICATE

I Prof. RENU KHANDELWAL , Hereby Certify That Mr.SHAILESH GORI OF Royal College of TYBCOM HasCompleted The Project On Techno Parks In TheAcademic Year 2007-08. This Information Submitted IsTrue & Original To The Best Of My Knowledge.

Signature of the principal Signature of the

Of the College / Institution Project Co-ordinator

T Y . B C O M Page 34


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO EXPRESS OUR GRATITUDE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE P RINCIPAL P ROF .A.E. LAKDAWALA

FOR PROVIDING ME A MEDIUM TO PERFORM OUR ACTIVITIES

I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK P RO F . RENU KHANDELWAL ROYAL COLLEGE

B.COM DEPARTMENT H .O .D , M IRA R OAD , FOR PROVIDING ME WITH

VALUABLE IDEAS AND MOTIVATING ME FOR THE PROJECT WORK .

By Shailesh



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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/SYNOPSIS

Technology Parks & Incubators Australia Limited, is the peak industrygroup representing technology parks and incubators in Australia. The bodywas established to promote technology transfer, innovation andentrepreneurial growth in Australia, specifically through technology parksand incubators.

The Parks and Incubator members fulfil the criterion of promoting researchand development activity by Park and Incubator tenants by forming allianceswith research institutes such as universities and CSIRO.

Membership is open to eligible technology parks; incubators; thoseassociated with parks or incubators, including tenants, universities and other research institutes; park/incubator developers; venture capital organisations;government agencies; consultants; and other interested people.

ObjectivesTechnology Parks & Incubators Australia Ltd aims to:

Facilitate and promote the role of technology parks and incubators infostering technology transfer, innovation and enterprise growth inAustralia.

Identify and achieve world best practice in technology park andincubator management to add value to tenant companies, park andincubator stakeholders and their customers.

Promote Australia as an international centre for research anddevelopment by technology based organisations.

Act as the public face of technology parks and incubators inAustralia.



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Technology Parks and Incubators Australia Limited holds an annualconference to address the current issues relating to technology parks andincubators. These conference proceedings are a compilation of the papers

presented at the 2001 annual conference. The conference was held inCanberra, ACT at Old Parliament House on the 27th of March 2001. Onehundred and one delegates attended the one day conference which was titled"What Technology Parks Achieve for Universities". There were sixteenconference speakers that addressed the main topics of the conferencenamely:

What technology parks achieve for universities; What technology incubators achieve for universities; and Perspectives on the BITS technology incubator programme



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INDEX

SR. NO TOPICS PAGE NO:

1. INTRODUCTION 1-6

2. COMPANY PROFILE 7-8

3. COMPUTER PRODUCTS 9-11

4. NEW POLICY PARADIGM FOR THE IT HARDWARE

INDUSTRY

12-17

5. COMPARISION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES

18-19

6. READING MATERIAL 20-22

7. IBM TO EXPAND OPERATIONSIN KARNATAKA

23-26

8. GUJARAT SOFTWARETECHNOLOGY PARK

GANDHINAGAR

27-31

9. CONCLUSION 32

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 33



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INTRODUCTION

When most people think about computer technology, they think hardware.Due to its importance, we thought it would be nice to offer a framework for understanding some key hardware concepts.

Hardware vs. software

A good rule of thumb is, if you can delete it, its software, if not, it'shardware. Hardware is the term given to all the physical components thatmake up technology. Computers, disks, ink cartridges, and practicallyanything else that you can see and touch (and break) are classified ashardware. The Internet programs, fundraising applications, and operatingsystems that work on the hardware are collectively referred to as software.Software can be removed (as many of us know too well) with the click of a

button, while hardware requires a little more physical effort to get rid of (alittle water or dust can make it malfunction just fine, though).

Types of hardware

The types of hardware are endless, but here is a brief classification systemthat is commonly used:

Computers

The personal computer (PC) is the central unit in library-based computing.Macs and IBM-compatible PCs are the big contenders, but they are all madeup of the same basic component.



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Peripherals

Printers, monitors, modems, scanners, and external drives are considered peripherals to the computer. Peripherals need the computer, but they areoften an essential element to our computing experience. Take a second toimagine trying to work your computer without the monitor.

Network hardware

Network hardware includes all the wires, cables, hubs, routers, and switchesthat let computers talk to one another. This is the hardware that is usuallyhandled by the systems administrator, not the users (and most would prefer to keep it that way).

Upgrading hardware

When getting down to specifics, upgrading hardware can mean different

things to different organizations, but the fundamental concept is the same.Upgrading hardware means updating it to suit current needs. Most officesupgrade their computers and printers by purchasing new ones every fewyears. However, sometimes a new computer is not necessary. Often, addingmore memory, or an additional audio or video card, is all that's needed to

boost speed or functionality. See the article upgrading Your Computer Components for more information.

Hardware support Nearly everyone who has used a computer has had a problem with it at some point. Getting support can sometimes mean additional training or readingsome tips from fellow users. Other times it can mean hiring or engaging avolunteer systems administrator.

http://www.techsoup.org/articlepage.cfm?ArticleId=142&topicid=1http://www.techsoup.org/articlepage.cfm?ArticleId=142&topicid=1http://www.techsoup.org/articlepage.cfm?ArticleId=142&topicid=1http://www.techsoup.org/articlepage.cfm?ArticleId=142&topicid=1


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Hardware maintenance

Most people think that maintaining hardware means fixing it when it breaks.But there are ways to prevent problems from occurring. Systemsadministration and maintenance can help keep the printer from jamming, thenetwork from crashing, and your computer from crawling.

Buying hardware

New hardware is often the largest expense in a library's technology budget.Before you buy, it is important to assess your hardware needs. Seethe Hardware Needs Worksheet to begin thinking about what your organization needs before you spend the money buying the wrong computer equipment or buying something you don't really need.

http://www.webjunction.org/do/DisplayContent?id=1266http://www.webjunction.org/do/DisplayContent?id=1266


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Techno Parts GmbH

COMPANY PROFILE:

Company Name: Techno Parts GmbH

Country/Territory: Germany

Address: Alte Bottroper Str.81, Essen, Germany.

Products/Services We Offer: Hydraulic-Pneumatic Seals, O-Rings,Fabric Seals, Injection Moulding Parts,

Business Type: Distributor/Wholesaler

Industry Focus: Gaskets & Seals , Mould ,

Geographic Markets: Worldwide

No. of Employees: 11 - 50 People

Certificates: DIN ISO 9001

Year Established: 1985

http://www.alibaba.com/company/10380499.htmlhttp://www.alibaba.com/company/10380499.html


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Desk Top PC Hard Disk Notebook Keyboards CDRW

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Techno Phobia have been building and supplying PC's to Australian businesses and home users since 1994.Our computer systems are designed to be as reliable as possible. We use only quality parts and accessories, notcheap parts that fall over at the first hurdle. Contact us today to talk aboutcustom designing a computer system to suit your needs or upgrading your existing system.

Servers & Workstations

Our Servers & Workstations are designed to withstand the rigors that ademanding business can place upon a network.

Laptops and Handhelds

We supply a large range of Laptops and Handheld Devices from major manufacturers such as Compaq and Toshiba.



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Point Of Sale (POS)

From a basic Electronic Cash Register to a fully integrated POS system.Talk to us about developing a system to suit your business.

Spare Parts and Accessories

We carry a large range of spare parts and accessories for PC's and laptops.We pride ourselves on being able to source anything. The following is a listof just some of the products we supply;

o Motherboardso CPU'so Memory Stickso Hard Drives / Zip Driveso CD/CDRW/DVD/DVDR Driveso Monitorso Keyboards & Miceo Video Cardso Printerso Scannerso Digital Cameras Floppy Diskso Caseso Cableso Printer Consumableso Blank CDR'so Network Cardso Firewallso Routers & Switcheso plus much more

.

Software

We can supply just about any software package you desire from major suppliers such as MICROSOFT, ADOBE, SYMANTEC, M.Y.O.B.,AUTODESK, COMPUTER ASSOCIATES plus many more. We can alsosupply specialist software upon request.



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Training

We can provide beginner and expert training in various software packages.We are specialists in M.Y.O.B. and can train your staff to fully utilize themany features available to make more efficient use of the program.

We also conduct training the MICROSOFT range of software suitesincluding WINDOWS & OFFICE.

Financing

Purchasing your hardware and software through a hire purchase or purchaselease arrangement can be the ideal way to stay up to date with technology.Rental payments allow you to spread the cost of the equipment over a periodof 24, 48 or 36 months, and all payments on business equipment are taxdeductible!

Finance for purchases can be arranged through a number of providers,including Flexirent and Melbourne Finance Broking

http://www.flexirent.com.au/http://www.melbournefinance.com.au/http://www.flexirent.com.au/http://www.melbournefinance.com.au/


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NEW POLICY PARADIGM FOR THE IT

HARDWARE INDUSTRY:The Hardware Industry and the Software Industry are two sides of the samegold coin representing India emerging as a Global IT superpower. TheGovernment of India approved the 108 recommendations covering ITSoftware and associated services. The second integral part of this exercise isthe matching policy framework for the IT Hardware and associated services.The success of one, whether it is the export of software of $ 50 billion by theyear 2008 and IT penetration drive for realizing IT for all by 2008, dependson the concomitant success of the other which calls for the creation of the

policy ambiance for the IT hardware industry.

The past and the existing policy framework which brought about a highuncertainty discouraging investments in a frequently changing duty regime,with duty on inputs often more than that on finished goods, withcumbersome and counter-productive import/export procedures whichimpeded the velocity of business, predictably led to the decline in valueaddition of the hardware industry and eventually to the closing down of many of the units.

In contrast, the software industry flourished with continuously increasing buoyancy attributable, in part, to the factor advantage of high qualitysoftware human resources and partly due to a series of incentives given and

procedural simplifications made special to this industry. Being humanresource intensive, the software industry was able to convert this advantageinto increasing exports.

Techno-economists pose the obvious question: Given the same degree of incentives and simplification of procedures bestowed on the software

industry, is there a feasible policy regime which can give similar buoyancyto the Indian IT Hardware Industry inspite of the capital intensiveness of theindustry as a whole, without conflicting with the growth of the Software andIT Services industry?

The answer to this question requires careful reconciliation betweennumerous conflicting factors, some of which are outlined here.



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In a controlled economy, different import duties were levied on variouscomponents and subsystems going into the manufacture of the end-equipment like Personal Computers depending upon whether the componentis made in the country or not. For those made in the country, a suitablehigher barrier on import is placed. Added to this, is the financial resourcemobilization for which Government is utilizing the import duty as aninstrument. Most countries which have succeeded in setting up the hardwareindustry on a large scale with high value addition have done so withouttaking recourse to this route. In India, taking this route in the past was onereason for the progressive decimation of the hardware industry. Higher dutyon Personal computers, for example, would mean that the cost of PersonalComputers in India will be higher. This in turn, will severely impede the

large scale penetration of PC-based applications in the social and economicspheres of the country.

The opportunity cost associated with not having these IT applications in place to the desired levels, is several times the revenue mobilized by thelevying of such duties. The adverse price elasticity has resulted in far moreadverse demand elasticity. Without having enough population of IT productsin the country, the economy of scale got reduced. Producing IT hardware atunviable economy of scale has resulted in increased cost of production.Thus, the entire industry languished as a small time industry. The flourishingsoftware and IT services industry, which saw this trend as a counter-

productive economics, increased the pressure for taking the import route.Thus, they perceived the hardware industry as a stumbling block to their growth and consequently became a direct or indirect agent for de-emphasizing the value addition in the hardware industry. The hardwareindustry, under such pressure, took recourse to a continuously decreasingadded value in their manufacture.

The IT hardware industry increasingly got transformed into direct or indirect

dealers of foreign brands. When this happened, the software industry andthose wanting to promote more and more IT services and applications, beganasking a logical question: "why should imports be so channelized onlythrough those who were labeled as hardware manufacturers and why notopen out imports through non-manufacturing dealers and get the systemsmaintained either by themselves or through third party maintenance serviceunits?"



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Based on the recommendations of the National Task Force on InformationTechnology and Software Development, the Government of India approvedthe policy for advancing the zero import duty targets on all IT finished goodsfrom 1-1-2005 to 1-1-2002 and several key parts to January 1, 1999 in linewith the originally proposed WTO-ITA-I schedule. With less than 30months to this target applicable especially to only the IT sector, theGovernment's revenue earning through import duties need not be a major concern. The protection of the surviving units of the hardware industry can

be given as a reason for not advancing the target date even further. With thedrive for PC and other IT product penetration ever-increasing and with the

past and existing policy paradigm, it is unlikely that many of these survivinghardware units which have achieved higher value addition can survive to see

the year 2002. Marginal retuning of the policies would have no salientimpact. If the present surviving units are required to survive and grow infuture and if the entire hardware industry has to be put on a high growth

path, without adversely affecting the growth of the software industry as wellas IT services and applications, then a major paradigm shift of the policyregime is essential for the following reasons:

1. Uncertainty discourages an investment - uncertainty has to be minimized by avoiding change of duty regime every year with zero duty as the ultimategoal.

2. Duty on inputs should not be more than that on finished goods, as thenegative potential gradient will impede further investments.

3. All factors leading to the grey market, which creates unfair competition,have to be de-emphasized.

4. In an import intensive industry like the hardware industry, with fastchanging prices and obsolescence, all procedures for imports, exports,licensing and inspection should be simplified to help increase the velocity of

business.

5. The economical scales internationally achieved should also be nationallyachieved in the shortest possible time. Until large enough volumes of

production can be put in place, the market should combine a large enoughexport drive with the internal market.



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6. Competitive climate for investment and production in comparison withthat present in the competing countries should be put in place includingcustoms, foreign exchange regulations, labor laws, banking facilities andsupport infrastructure.

Making IT hardware manufacture viable in the Indian context, is a major challenge of reconciling highly conflicting parameters cutting acrosssoftware, IT services and applications, hardware import, hardwaremanufacture, subsystem and parts import, subsystems and partsmanufacture, component import and component manufacture. One exerciseis to work out the reconciliation which calls for a minimum sacrifice - be itthe loss of Government revenue, attenuated growth of one industry or the

other, survival of the more disadvantaged units, slowing down of the ITapplication drive, etc.

From the vantage of the indirect taxation of the IT hardware manufacturingindustry, the scenario is:

The majority of the bill of materials of the IT hardware industry aresourced locally involving such items like Plastic, Steel, magnetic devices,

passive devices, etc.

Units manufacturing in the DTA buy these items by paying excise duty aswell as multiple levels of Sales and Sales Tax and Entry Tax.

Most of the excise duty gets recovered by offsetting through MODVAT process.

Cascading effect of sales tax poses considerable disadvantage.

The level of import duty compensates the disadvantages created by thefiscal system of the country for the local manufacturers. This is especially so

for the import duty differential between finished products and the key partsimported.



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The problem gets more complicated with the stringent requirements of infrastructure like the following:

Quality, quantity and regularity of power.

Quick transportation of goods from the factory to the ports.

Efficient facilities at Ports for loading/unloading of containers at any timeof the day to facilitate timely export shipments.

The special requirement of fast courier services for import or export of small consignments of goods.

Production infrastructure in industrial parks to have captive power plantsand get competitive fiscal and tax benefits with respect to competingcountries.

Value added telecommunication services

In short, the paradigm shift in the long term strategy to boost hardware production and export will be required to satisfy the following objectives:

Ensure sustainable survival

Enlarge viable local manufacturing base

Dynamically increase productivity and modernization

Attract fresh investments from within the country and abroad

Generate skilled employment opportunities

Operate at internationally viable economy of scale

Minimize the Grey market and the misuse of the import policies for dualuse items



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Bring about a maximally 'win-win- .......' situation among the various sub-sectors of the IT industry

Integral attainment of the above objectives in India is infeasible, exceptthrough the creation of a delicately balanced policy oasis which essentiallyrequires a high degree of political will to implement, a high level of nationalability to take justifiable risks and a change of mind-set for accepting such

bold and pragmatic paradigm shift. It is self-evident that the super power status for India cannot be realized without such essential qualifications.

In what follows in this BR-2 report, the concept of 'Soft bonding' is presented in Section-II followed by the outline of the 'Soft Bonded IT Unit'

in Section-III, Fiscal & Financial Procedures in Section-IV, ProceduralSimplifications in Section-V, the Information Infrastructure in Section -VI,Export Incentives in Section-VII, other banking issues in Section-VIII,Company Law Issues in Section-IX, Conglomerated High Tech Habitats inSection-X and D&D of New IT Products, Processes & Services in Section-XI.



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Comparison with Other Countries

I want to convince you that Indonesia can still take a whack at the ITindustry. Nasayers will say that Indonesia is too poor to play the IT game.

Other reasons for not to take this opportunity are political instability, thewide spread of software piracy, and lack of English capability. While it istrue that those reasons could seriously hamper progress, they do not stopother countries in taking the opportunity. Lets see how they are doing.

IndiaIndia is usually used as an example of a country successful in software

business. What do you think when you hear the world Bangalore? Most people associate Bangalore with software development. When we thingsoftware development, we think that the whole country must be rich or welldeveloped, like America. It is not quite right. While Bangalore might be welldeveloped for software industry, the whole India is not necessarily ready.[Similaryly, we do not have to wait until the whole Indonesia is IT-ready.We could focus on selected parts of Indonesia, such as Bandung.]Financial-wise, India is not a rich country. But she is dominant in thesoftware industry. Many people believe that IT is only a game for richcountries. That is not true, as India has shown. Thus, Indonesia can also take

part in this game.India started to be known as a software producer since 1995. It is not long

ago. And yet, Indias software export has multiplied and become US$ 4 billions in 2002. It is estimated that they can get US$ 50 billions in 2008.That is for only software. If you still remember, our plan is to reach US$ 30export in 2010. And that is for everything. It should be noted that the Indianexport figures are for software exports, i.e. not for local consumption. Thisshows us that focusing on creating software for export is a viable approach.Political situation in India is as complicated as in other countries. In myopinion, it is more complicated than Indonesia. Many people think thatwithout political stability it is difficult to create business. India has shown usthat it is still possible to create business even when political situation is stillunclear. Another example of hot situation is Israel. They are in the middle of war, and yet business is thriving.That all tells us that Indonesia can participate in the IT field. Although itshould be noted that people in India, at least those who deal with the ITindustry, speak English fluently. So, English is not a problem for them. Wehave to improve our English.



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China

China is another extreme example. China is also a poor country like India.Just like India, techno parks are being created in China. However unlikeIndia, most software & hardware developments are targeted to local(domestic) market. It is understandable since their domestic market is huge.Once they have satisfied their domestic market they will go to globalmarket. Watch out.Software piracy is high, but yet Microsoft opened a research center inBeijing. How could that be? Many people blame piracy as the main sourcefor slow growth in software business. But, as China indicates, softwaredevelopment progresses rapidly. Dont get me wrong. I do not say thatsoftware piracy is a good thing. My point is that we cannot blame software

piracy alone for the slow growth in software industry in Indonesia.English is still a barrier. But software businesses are being developed. Thislesson also says that even we do not know English, we can still survive. Thisis somewhat misleading. China is targeting their software for local market.Thus, English is not a main concern. If we target our software for export,like India, then we should improve our English.

MalaysiaMalaysia is pictured to be the next IT hub in our region. They have manyinitiatives to make their dreams come true. Their Government is committedto IT. However, I feel that they have not achieved their target. Despite theexposure in many media, Cyberjaya is not as alive as it could be. It is still adead city. Many companies are still located in Kuala Lumpur. Our lessonfrom this is that Government commitment is not enough.

EpilogueIt takes many years to make Silicon Valley as it is right now. Starting fromDean Termans initiative at Stanford University in the 60s to Applecomputer explosion in 1975, it takes 15 years. I sure think that it probablytakes many years to make Bandung High Tech Valley a reality. Be patient,work hard and focus. See you in the future.



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Reading Material

1. Haryoto Kunto, " Nasib Bangunan Bersejarah di Kota Bandung ,"

Granesia Bandung, 2000.2. Jennifer Hillner, Venture Capitals: Skunk works, start-ups, and hungry

VCs are making these 46 hubs the hot spots of the global high technetwork, Wired Magazine , 8.07, July 2000.

3. Brad Wieners and Jennifer Hillner, Silicon Envy, Wired Magazine ,6.09, September 1998.

4. Martina Fromhold-Eisebith, and Guenter Eisebith, The IndonesianTechnology Region of Bandung: High potential, low profile, IDPR , 24(1), 2002.



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IBM to expand operations in Karnataka

Fakir Chand in Bangalore | May 05, 2003 15:10 ISTIBM Inc, the $81-billion world's largest IT firm, will be expanding itsoperations in Karnataka, including a Linux development centre at Hubli andramping up its existing facilities in Bangalore, where the headquarters of itsIndian subsidiary is located.

IBM's expansion plans in the state emerged out of a meeting between IBMchairman Samuel J Palmisano and Karnataka Chief Minister S M Krishnaand senior government officials in Bangalore on Monday.

Though Palmisano declined to interact with the waiting newspersons,Krishna told the media after the 30-minute meeting that IBM India haddecided to expand its Bangalore facility in the areas of softwaredevelopment, global services and research and development.

"The state government has told the IBM to look at Hubli in North Karnatakato set up a Linux development centre as the Software Technology Park of India has established a techno park for start-ups and new IT companies,"Krishna stated.

Palmisano, who is on a three-day visit to India for the first time as IBMCEO, has assured the chief minister to respond positively on the subsidiary'sexpansion plans in the state.

"As part of our global IT policy, we have told the IBM chairman to enlargeits activities in Karnataka. We have put forth our views to strengthen IBMIndia's presence in the state and take advantage of our pro-IT initiatives asBangalore offers the best of facilities, including high-skilled talent pool,"Krishna disclosed.

Palmisano also mentioned to Krishna that IBM global was looking atBangalore on priority to expand their operations, but did not reveal anyinvestment figures.

http://www.rediff.com/money/2003/may/03ibm.htmhttp://www.rediff.com/money/2003/may/03ibm.htm


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"The discussions were at an exploratory stage. The details will be workedout with the state IT department. Though he did not disclose the investment

plans, we understand that it would be huge as IBM is keen to take itsoperations in Bangalore and Karnataka to a global scale," Krishna affirmed.

Asked whether IBM had shown interest in setting shop in the hardware park the state government was planning to set up, the chief minister said thoughno specific mention was made, IBM expressed a holistic interest, whichincludes hardware, software, services and R&D.

Meanwhile, IBM director for external communications in Asia Fred PMcNesse told rediff.com that Palmisano would be interacting with a number

of its customers and partners during his current visit."As a company's policy, we do not make public Palmisano's schedule as wedo not want our rival competitors to know whom all he is meeting and whereall he is going in Bangalore, Delhi and Mumbai," McNesse asserted.

Describing the significance of Palmisano's first visit to the sub-continent,McNesse said IBM India was increasingly becoming important to the BigBlue's global operations as a development centre with software and researchlabs, call centre and services.

"India is emerging as a huge market for IBM's operations. We value thedomain expertise its talented engineers command. To be in India is a win-win situation for us," McNesse claimed.

Out of a total of 4000 people IBM employees in India, about 2,500 softwareengineers are located in Bangalore, with the rest spread in Hyderabad,Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai.

In calendar year 2002, IBM India posted a revenue of Rs 1800 crore (Rs 18

billion).



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While Palmisano's itinerary in India continues to be closely guarded,officials said the chairman would be holding a series of meetings with thetop management of the subsidiary later in the day and hold inter-activesessions with heads of project teams in software development, services andresearch labs.

With the Linux emerging as the fastest growing operating system the worldover, IBM has enabled its entire range of hardware, software, middlewareand services to operate on the new platform.

The Big Blue has so far invested $1billion to enable its entire software andhardware run on it for its global operations.

For instance, in India alone as many as 40 Internet Service Providers are

making their operations on IBM Linux platform for mission criticalapplications. Many companies are moving from Unix to Linux.

Keeping in view the findings of the IDC, which have projected a phenomenal growth of Linux as the largest OS by 2004, IBM India is participating with the open source community for developing Linux.

According to IBM India managing director and CEO Abraham Thomas, theIBM Linux development centre in Bangalore, which is among the sevensuch facilities worldwide, supports business partners and independent

software vendors in the South Asian region.

"The development centre brings key IBM enterprise class strengths to Linux,especially in areas such as reliability, availability and serviceability,"Thomas added.

The centre is also developing the OS for a PDA device, the size of a wristwatch to demonstrate the viability of Linux across platforms, be they largeenterprise servers, workstations, desktop, mobile computers or the smallestintelligent devices.



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Industrial Infrastructure Facilities - State Government

STP is a 100% Export Oriented Scheme for the development and Export of IT Software and Services using communication links or physical media andincluding export of professional services. This Scheme is unique in itsnature as it focuses on IT Software & Services and integrates the conceptof 100% Export Oriented Units (EOUs) and Export Processing Zones(EPZs) of the Government of India and the concept of SoftwareTechnology Parks as operating elsewhere in the World.

Services offered by STPI Gandhinagar

SoftLINK is a Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) based Value Added Network Service which provides 24 hour access to theGlobal Commercial IP Networks. This service is available over EthernetLAN at the STP-Complex as well as Radio Links.

STPI-Gandhinagar offers wide range of connectivity options for thecustomers who opt for the SoftLINK service to get the access to the

Internet. Customer can choose any of the connectivity options which suitshis needs. Customer can migrate change to another connectivity option if required.

Following are the additional services provided to the SoftLINK customer by STPI-G.

IP Addresses to Customers (Limited Number) E-Mail World Wide Web (www) DNS service TelNet (Remote Login) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Web Hosting Service Consulting in Building the LANs

SoftPOINT is a Point to Point data link offering speeds ranging from


Gujarat - Software Technology Prk ndhinagar


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64kbps to 2Mbps to attach your network to your own or client's network abroad.

SoftPOINT is a point to point n X 64 kbps digital private line service. Thisservice connects software exporters in India to their clients located abroadhaving full n X 64 kbps digital connectivity. The service is availableround the clock. This is quite useful and economical for large softwareexports operations, specifically those involved in remote login, corporatenetwork access, etc. It is available from the STP complex as well as fromany of the user premises in and around Gandhinagar.

The charges for this service are fixed irrespective of the time and thevolume of data transfer by the user.

With the proven experience STPI Gandhinagar can offer Network Consultancy to :-

1. Network Design2. Network Security3. DNS4. Mail Services5. Proxy Server

Highlights of STP at Gandhinagar

STP - Gandhinagar is established by the Department of Electronics,Government of India in Gandhinagar which is a pollution-free citywith peaceful work culture unique to the state of Gujarat.

The IBS Earthstation is established at STP - Gandhinagar, whichserve as International Gateway, providing 64 Kbps High Speed DataCommunication (HSDC) facility and an Internet access facility for STP member Units. These are critical pre-requisits for SoftwareExporters to undertake meaningful off-shore IT projects.

The Earthstation of STP - Gandhinagar has provision for a Point-to



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Multipoint Radio access with any private STP within a radius of 25Kms around the STP Gandhinagar complex.

The STP is located in the Electronics Estate amidst Gandhinagar,capital of the State of Gujarat. The estate is well planned with all

basic facilities like power, water, roads, communication, parks, etc.available within the estate. Enterpreneurs can take constructed

buildings for their unit to start business quickly. Alternatively, open plots are available to construct suitable buildings.

A State Bank of India (SBI) branch is already operating within theSTP-Gandhinagar complex premises. In addition, SBI's Zonal officein Gandhinagar with facilities for handling foreign exchange is fully

computerized. Skilled manpower - Essential ingredient for Software Venture

available in Gujarat. More than 8600 skilled engineers graduate outof 104 Engineering Colleges and Technical Institutes withinGujarat.

The state houses the prestigeous Management Institute - The IndianInstitute of Management (IIM) in Ahmedabad.

24 Software Companies approved to operate under the jurisdictionalarea of STP Gandhinagar covering Gujarat, Dadara Nagar andHaveli.

Major benefits for companies located in the Software Technology Park (STP)

Single window clearance for all approvals by the Department of Electroics through the Inter-Ministerial Standing Committee(IMSC).

Import certificate is issued by the concerned Director of STP.

All imports are 100% duty-free.

Total exemption of Central Excise Duty.



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Foreign equity upto 100% is permissible. Repatriation of profits anddividends earned by foregn investors is allowed.

The sale in the domestic tariff area (DTA) is permissible upto 25%

of the exports in value terms made by the STP units. Exportobligation = 1.5 x CIF value (Cost Insurance Freight) of thehardware imported including software (for which foreign exchangehas been released by RBI) + 1.5 x Annual wage bill. The obligationon the Hardware part may be fulfilled over a period of 4 years.

No value addition norms.

STP Units are exempted from Corporate Income Tax for a block of 5years in first 8 years of operation.

Built up space with infrastructural facilities are available at STPcomplex. These include a Core Computer facility and High SpeedData Communication facility.



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C O N C L U S I O N

We compare the performance of software-supported shared memory on ageneral-purpose network to hardware-supported shared memory on adedicated interconnect.Up to eight processors, our results are based on theexecution of a set of application programs on a SGI 4D/480 multiprocessor and on TreadMarks, a distributed shared memory system that runs on a ForeATM LAN of DECstation-5000/240s. Since the DECstation and the 4D/480use the same processor, primary cache, and compiler, the shared-memoryimplementation is the principal difference between the systems.

Our results show that TreadMarks performs comparably to the4D/480 for applications with moderate amounts of synchronization, but thedifference in performance grows as the synchronization frequency increases.For applications that require a large amount of memory bandwidth,TreadMarks can perform better than the SGI 4D/480.Beyond eight

processors, our results are based on execution-driven simulation.Specifically, we compare a software implementation on a general-purposenetwork of uniprocessor nodes, a hardware implementation using a

directory-based protocol on a dedicated interconnect, and a combinedimplementation using software to provide shared memory betweenmultiprocessor nodes with hardware implementing shared memory within anode. For the modest size of the problems that we can simulate, thehardware implementation scales well and the software implementationscales poorly.

The combined approach delivers performance close to that of the

hardware implementation for applications with small to moderatesynchronization rates and good locality. Reductions in communicationoverhead improve the performance of the software and the combinedapproach, but synchronization remains a bottleneck



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B I B L I O G R A P H Y

1. Books

Export Management by P.K. Khurana.

Export Institutions by Prof.S.R.Yadav.

Export Assistance and Incentives by Prof. Shridhar Mehta.

Export Marketing by N.G. Kale.

2. Journals & Magazines

Economic and Political Weekly.

Business.

Foreign Affairs.

3. Internet Sites

www. Google.com.

www. IBM.Com

www. Software Technology Park.Com

www. Techno Parks.Com



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Techno Parks

Documents

Transcript of Techno Parks