Techniques for Interacting with Off-Screen Content
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Transcript of Techniques for Interacting with Off-Screen Content
Techniques for Interacting with Off-Screen Content
Pourang Irani Carl GutwinUniversity of Manitoba University of Saskatchewan
Grant Partridge Mahtab NezhadaslUniversity of Manitoba University of Manitoba
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Introduction
2D navigation: Time Multiplexing
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Zooming
2D navigation: Space Multiplexing
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Overview+Detail DragMag
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Proxy-based techniques
[Baudisch et al., 2003] [Bezerianos and Balakrishnan, 2005]
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2D navigation: Proxy
Hop (Halo + Proxies)
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Tasks
• Baudisch & Rosenholtz [2003]
– “Position”– “Closest”– “Avoid”
• Spatially Absolute– Existence, Count, Location
• Spatially Relative – Proximity to reference, Proximity b/w objects, Cluster
Evaluation: Conditions
• Navigation Techniques– Zoom - two-level zoom– DragMag – Hop
• Tasks– Absolute– Relative
Zooming
DragMag
Hop
Results: Completion Time
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Existence ObjectCount
Location ProximitybetweenObjects
Proximityfrom
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Cluster
Spatially Absolute Tasks Spatially Relative Tasks
HopDragMagZoom
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Existence ObjectCount
Location ProximitybetweenObjects
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Spatially Absolute Tasks Spatially Relative Tasks
HopDragMagZoom
HopDragMagZoom
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Possible explanations – strategy
• Number of operations about 1/5 with hop
• Zooming requires more “trips” …– not so good for absolute tasks
• … but good for spatial information– useful for relative tasks
• DragMag reduced the number of “trips”– allows users to perform relative tasks with ease– but added complexity of managing windows
Possible explanations – task-based• Relative tasks
– Need orientation and comparisons b/w views– Rely on VSTM
• Absolute tasks– Require information about the objects– Do not require spatial/orientation information
WinHop (hop + windows)
WinHop
WinHop
WinHop
WinHop
WinHop
WinHop (video)
MultiscaleZoom
MultiscaleZoom
MultiscaleZoom (video)
Absolute: Location (winhop)
Relative: Cluster (msz)
Results
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Existence
Multiscale-ZoomWinHopHopDragMagZoom
Spatially Absolute Tasks Spatially Relative Tasks
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ObjectCount
Location ProximitybetweenObjects
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Existence
Multiscale-ZoomWinHopHopDragMagZoom
Multiscale-ZoomWinHopHopDragMagZoom
Spatially Absolute Tasks Spatially Relative Tasks
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ObjectCount
Location ProximitybetweenObjects
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Limitations of Hybrid Techniques
• WinHop– Many operations, significant learning curve
• MultiScale Zoom– Clutter from proxies
Main Findings
• Each task requires a different navigation strategy
• Proxy-based ideal for target-only info tasks
• Time/Space multiplexing ideal for target-target info
• Hybrids improve performance in both types of tasks
• Performance with Multiscale Zoom remained constant
Conclusion
• Beneficial to investigate techniques on multiple tasks
• Ideal technique gives target and context information
• Hybrid techniques are reliably good– Consider multiscale zoom for small displays
• Hybrids performance on other tasks