Technical Trends Ricardo Side Event EWEA 2011

8/2/2019 Technical Trends Ricardo Side Event EWEA 2011

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2Ricardo plc 2011RD.11/xxxxx.1

Contents

Key challenge cost of energy targets (onshore & offshore)

Current & planned drivetrain architectures

Other emerging drivetrain technologies

Cost/time/risk vs benefit trade-off

Drivetrain technology roadmap

Conclusions


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Current Cost of Energy is typically 0.15/kWh offshore and

0.07/kWh onshore, with ambitious improvement targets

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000

Energy generated MWh per MW

AnnualCost000sper

MW

16

14

12

10

8

6

90%

95%

Availability

ENECO + Ricardo

EWEA

Source

38%300/MWh3.700m/MWOffshore

26%145/MWh1.225m/MWOnshore

Capacity factorO&M CostInstalled Cost7.5% CoC

30-50% improvementfrom today required?

20% improvement?

Impact of movingdeeper & further?


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The challenge to reduce cost of energy is the key driver fordrivetrain improvements

Annual Cost

= (installed cost/design life) xLCF + annual O&M

Annual energy production

= Turbine availability x

power curve x wind profile

Drivetrain Technology coulddeliver up to half of the requiredCoE reductions

Influence of Drivetrain Technology

CoE factor

MedMedPower curve

V HighMed HighTurbine availability

V HighHighO&M costs

HighHighDesign life

Med HighHighInstalled cost

OffshoreOnshore

Key non-drivetrain influencers of CoE need to be targeted for the rest:

Scale effects (larger turbines) Rotor cost & generation potential (swept area, areodynamics)

Overall weight & cost reductions

Foundations, tower & installation methods (esp offshore)

Non-drivetrain areas of unreliability (eg pitch & yaw system) O&M strategy


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A wide range of drivetrain architectures are currently used or underdevelopment

Source: Ricardo Analysis; Aerodyn IQPC 2010 Paper; BHO 2011 DWOW Paper

HT Supercon

DC

Synchronous

Induction

DFIG

PM

Generator

Type

Hydraulic

Magneticgears

Split path,variable ratio

Direct drive

Mid speedgeared

High speedgeared

PowerTransmission

4 pointsupport

3 point

support

2 bearings

BearingSystems

Fullyintegrated

Partialintegration

Separateunits

DrivetrainIntegration

Full

Full + HVIGBT

Partial

None

FrequencyConversion


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HT Supercon

DC

Synchronous

Induction

DFIG

PM

Generator

Type

HT Supercon

DC

Synchronous

Induction

DFIG

PM

Generator

Type

Hydraulic

Magneticgears

Split path,

variable ratio

Direct drive

Mid speedgeared

High speedgeared

PowerTransmission

Hydraulic

Magneticgears

Split path,

variable ratio

Direct drive

Mid speedgeared

High speedgeared

PowerTransmission

4 pointsupport

3 pointsupport

2 bearings

BearingSystems

4 pointsupport

3 pointsupport

2 bearings

BearingSystems

Fullyintegrated

Partialintegration

Separateunits


Fullyintegrated

Partialintegration

Separateunits


Full

Full + HVIGBT

Partial

None

FrequencyConversion

Full

Full + HVIGBT

Partial

None

FrequencyConversion



DeWind 2MW with Voith WinDrive


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HT Supercon

DC

Synchronous

Induction

DFIG

PM

Generator

Type

HT Supercon

DC

Synchronous

Induction

DFIG

PM

Generator

Type

Hydraulic

Magneticgears

Split path,

variable ratio

Direct drive

Mid speedgeared

High speedgeared

PowerTransmission

Hydraulic

Magneticgears

Split path,

variable ratio

Direct drive

Mid speedgeared

High speedgeared

PowerTransmission

4 pointsupport

3 pointsupport

2 bearings

BearingSystems

4 pointsupport

3 pointsupport

2 bearings

BearingSystems

Fullyintegrated

Partialintegration

Separateunits


Fullyintegrated

Partialintegration

Separateunits


Full

Full + HVIGBT

Partial

None

FrequencyConversion

Full

Full + HVIGBT

Partial

None

FrequencyConversion



Areva Multibrid 5M


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HT Supercon

DC

Synchronous

Induction

DFIG

PM

Generator

Type

HT Supercon

DC

Synchronous

Induction

DFIG

PM

Generator

Type

Hydraulic

Magneticgears

Split path,

variable ratio

Direct drive

Mid speedgeared

High speedgeared

PowerTransmission

Hydraulic

Magneticgears

Split path,

variable ratio

Direct drive

Mid speedgeared

High speedgeared

PowerTransmission

4 pointsupport

3 pointsupport

2 bearings

BearingSystems

4 pointsupport

3 pointsupport

2 bearings

BearingSystems

Fullyintegrated

Partialintegration

Separateunits


Fullyintegrated

Partialintegration

Separateunits


Full

Full + HVIGBT

Partial

None

FrequencyConversion

Full

Full + HVIGBT

Partial

None

FrequencyConversion



Vestas V112


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HT Supercon

DC

Synchronous

Induction

DFIG

PM

Generator

Type

HT Supercon

DC

Synchronous

Induction

DFIG

PM

Generator

Type

Hydraulic

Magneticgears

Split path,

variable ratio

Direct drive

Mid speedgeared

High speedgeared

PowerTransmission

Hydraulic

Magneticgears

Split path,

variable ratio

Direct drive

Mid speedgeared

High speedgeared

PowerTransmission

4 pointsupport

3 pointsupport

2 bearings

BearingSystems

4 pointsupport

3 pointsupport

2 bearings

BearingSystems

Fullyintegrated

Partialintegration

Separateunits


Fullyintegrated

Partialintegration

Separateunits


Full

Full + HVIGBT

Partial

None

FrequencyConversion

Full

Full + HVIGBT

Partial

None

FrequencyConversion



Enercon E-126


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11/15


Other detailed drivetrain technologies are being pursued aselection includes - 2

Control strategy management forO&M

Alternative power production strategies toextend RUL

Enables increased energy productionahead of required maintenance

Detailed gearbox improvements

Flex pins improve load sharing ingearbox, for improved reliability

Alternative bearings avoid challenges ofrolling element bearings & reduce O&Mcost

Intelligent lubrication & viscosity managelubrication to requirements of individualbearings for reduced O&M costs

MultiLifeTM bearings

Improve main bearing life

Drivetrain weight optimisation

Reduced weight and cost


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Cost/time/risk vs benefit trade-off determines a rational developmentstrategy

Increasing CoEBenefit

Source: 8pt Dark Grey (R 167, G 169, B 172)

Increasing Cost, Time,Risk to Develop

Features hereshould alreadybe in use

Features hererequire a technology

breakthrough

to be of interestFea

tures

heres

houldb

eunde

rdevelop

menta

ndintr

oduced

inseq

uence


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Magneticgearbox

Split path

Cost/time/risk vs benefit trade-off

Increasing CoEBenefit

Source: Ricardo Analysis

Fully Hydraulicgearbox

HT supercongenerator

Split path +energy storage

Optimised Design& devt process

Prognostics& advanced CMS

Non-torqueloads decoupling

TorqueLimiting

Control ModsFor O&M

Detailed GboxImprovements

DC Generator

MultiLifeBearing

Increasing Cost, Time,

Risk to Develop


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Current Gearbox Technology

Current Generator Technology

2005 20152010 20252020

Torque limiting features

Wind Turbine Drivetrain Technology Roadmap Extracts

Source: Ricardo Analysis

Full Hydraulic gearbox

Optimised design & development tools

MultiLife Bearing

Technology Roadmap

Super Conducting Generators

Split Path Gearbox

High speed PMG

Non-torque decoupling

DC generator

Detail gearbox improvements tools based, then test validation based

Split Path + energy storage

Control strategies for RUL/O&M

Prognostics & advanced CMS

PowerTransmission

Other

Generator

Magnetic Gearbox


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Conclusions

Improvements in Cost of Energy being demanded are very challenging

Drivetrain architecture & technologies will have to play a big part in achieving

these CoE reductions

Turbine availability and O&M cost are the high impact areas for drivetrain to

reduce CoE

Many developments of technology and architecture are under development

Given the scale of required improvements and demanding timescales, newproduct development approaches & test facilities are needed

To validate simulations

To fast-track development of the technologies To develop and validate reliability

Technical Trends Ricardo Side Event EWEA 2011

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