Technical Specifications of Roads_part1

8/12/2019 Technical Specifications of Roads_part1

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Table of Contents

1 ................................................................................................ 1-1SUMMARY OF WORK

2 ................................................................................ 2-1DEMOLITION AND REMOVAL

2.1 ................................................................................................................... 2-1General

2.2 ......................................................................................................... 2-1Requirements

2.3 .............................................................................................................. 2-3Submittals

2.4 ............................................................................................................... 2-4Inspection

2.5 ............................................................................................................. 2-4Preparation

2.6 ............................................................................................................. 2-5Demolition

2.7 ......................................................................................... 2-7Disposition of materials

2.8 ................................................................................................. 2-7Cleanup and repair

3 ........................................... 3-1GENERAL EARTHWORK AND SITE PREPARATION3.1 ................................................................................................................... 3-1General

3.2 ......................................................................................................... 3-1Requirements

3.3 .............................................................................................................. 3-3Submittals

3.4 ....................................................................................................... 3-4Quality control

3.5 .............................................................................. 3-6Delivery, storage and handling

3.6 .................................................................................................... 3-7Site investigation

3.7 ................................................................................................................. 3-9Products

3.7.1 .............................................................................................. 3-9Existing ground

3.7.2 .................................................................................................... 3-9Fill material

3.7.3 ............................................................................................................ 3-10Water

3.8 ............................................................................................................. 3-10Execution

3.8.1 ..................................................................................................... 3-10Protection

3.8.2 ........................................................................................................ 3-10Clearing

3.8.3 ......................................................................... 3-12Existing ground preparation

3.8.4 ............................................................................. 3-13Placement of fill material

4 ........................................................................................ 4-1ROADS AND FOOTPATHS

4.1 ............................................................................................................. 4-1Definitions

4.2 ............................................................................................ 4-2General Requirements

4.3 .............................................................................................................. 4-3Submittals

4.3.1 .......................................................................................................... 4-3Samples4.3.2 .......................................................................................... 4-3Method Statement

4.3.3 ............................................................................................... 4-4Shop Drawings

4.3.4 ......................................................................................................... 4-5Mock-up

4.4 ...................................................................................................... 4-6Quality Control

4.5 ............................................................................. 4-8Delivery, Storage and Handling

4.6 ................................................................................................................. 4-9Products

4.6.1 ........................................................................................................ 4-9Subgrade

4.6.2 ......................................................................................................... 4-9Rock fill

4.6.3 ............................................................................... 4-10Pre-cast Concrete Curbs

4.6.4 ................................................................................... 4-12In-situ concrete curbs

4.6.5 ........................................................................... 4-13Interlocking paving blocks

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4.6.6 ....................................................................................... 4-14Granular Sub Base

4.6.7 ................................................................................... 4-16Aggregate Road Base

4.6.8 .................................................................... 4-18Materials for Asphalt Concrete

4.6.9 .......................................................................................... 4-21Asphalt Concrete

4.6.10 ................................................................................... 4-29Prime and Tack coats

4.6.11 ............................................................................... 4-29Road marking materials4.6.12 ................................................................................................. 4-30Traffic signs

4.7 ............................................................................................................. 4-35Execution

4.7.1 ........................................................................................... 4-35Placement of fill

4.7.2 ................................................................................... 4-38Subgrade preparation

4.7.3 .................................................................................................. 4-39Compaction

4.7.4 ........................................................... 4-41Installation of precast concrete curbs

4.7.5 ......................................................................... 4-43In-situ concrete curb laying

4.7.6 ........................................................................................ 4-43Granular sub-base

4.7.7 .................................................................................... 4-44Aggregate road-base

4.7.8 ............................................................. 4-47Placement of asphalt paving course

4.7.9 ........................................................ 4-67Application of road marking materials

4.7.10 .......................................................................................... 4-68Erection of signs

4.7.11 ...................................................................................................... 4-69Footpaths

4.7.12 ......................................................... 4-69Installation of concrete paving blocks

4.7.13 ................................................. 4-71Lifting and relaying concrete block paving


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1 SUMMARY OF WORKThe project includes the upgrades of existing road network as a part of the upgrading of

existing sanitary and storm sewers in a city. The contractor shall supply all supervision,

labors, materials, temporary works, plant, machinery, equipment, parts, tools, supplies,

transportation, testing and handling over the infrastructure works and facilities in perfect

working condition.

The contractor should note that there might be other contractors working in the same vicinity

during the contract period. The contractor must consider this and coordinate his work to

minimize any disruptions to others working in the area. Access to the work sites shall be

maintained by the contractor at all times and he shall take all necessary steps to ensure thesafety of persons on the sites. All construction operations and site-established facilities shall

be confined to within the site boundaries as shown on the drawings, unless otherwise

approved by the engineer and the relevant authorities. Following such approvals, all such

areas shall also be designated and treated as included within the site. The contractor shall be

responsible for safeguarding all structures, plant or property near the site and shall provide all

shoring, or supports as may be necessary to preserve their stability.

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3. Use of explosives shall not be permitted.4.

Comply with all applicable safety precautions.

5. Conform to applicable codes for demolition work, safety ofstructures, dust and noise control.

6. Notify affected utility companies, pipeline owners and relevantauthorities before starting work and comply with their

requirements.

7. Obtain required permits from the governing authorities and pay forall associated licenses, permits and inspections required by these

authorities.

8. Conform to applicable procedures when discovering hazardous orcontaminated materials.

9. Occupancy and use of facilities Client may continue to use process piping, equipment, and treatment

facilities near and adjacent to the areas designated for selective

demolition.

Conduct selective demolition work in a manner that will not interferewith normal plant operations. This may require temporary facilities to

be constructed as necessary, at no cost to the Client, to comply with

this provision.

Provide at least 72 hours advance notice to the Engineer and Client forthose activities, which affect normal plant operations. No demolition

can be started without prior approval of Engineer and Client.

10.Conditions of facilities requiring demolition All facilities shall be handed over to the Contractor in an as is

condition.

Any preliminary work necessary to permit the main works to start shallbe at the Contractors expense. This may include, but not be limited to,

removal of tanks, pipelines or other structures containing raw or

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Conditions existing at the beginning of the project will be maintainedby the Client so far as practical; however, the Client makes noguarantee that conditions will be the same when demolition is

performed.

All facilities will continue to be used for their intended purpose untilturned over to the Contractor for rehabilitation.

2.3 SubmittalsThe Contractor is to prepare a method statement, which shall detail all aspects of the

proposed demolition and associated work. The method statement shall be approved by the

Engineer before any demolition work commences. The method statement shall incorporate at

least the following items:

1. Detailed description of the methods and equipment to be used for eachoperation as well as proposed sequence of demolition operations.

2. Safety precautions required to ensure the safety of the workers,members of the public, and users of adjacent facilities or properties.

3. The controlled demolition, removal and disposal of hazardousmaterials.

4. The removal, protection and transportation of salvable materials.5. Coordination of the demolition work with other work in progress, and

with any existing facility operations.

6. Shut down schedule of equipment and disconnection sequence of theutilities involved.

7. Accurate record of disconnected services and utilities8. Videotape of existing conditions prior to demolition.

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2.4 InspectionThe Contractor shall inspect each area prior to performing any demolition work and record

on videotape existing conditions as well as the condition of surrounding areas, clearly

marking the location, date, time taken and the items which are to be demolished. Theoriginal film and a copy of it must be submitted to the Engineer prior to starting any

demolition works. The Contractor shall ascertain that the property to be demolished lies

within the project area as shown on the drawings and is the lawful property of the Client.

2.5 Preparation1.

Provide interior and exterior shoring, bracing and support as necessaryto prevent movement, settlement or collapse of both, facilities to be

demolished and adjacent facilities, which are designated to remain.

Stop all demolition work and notify the engineer immediately, if the

stability of the facilities, which are to remain, appears to be in danger.

If required, extra support shall be provided by the Contractor as

deemed necessary by the Engineer.

2.

Temporary barricades and other forms of protection shall be providedto safeguard personnel and the facilities, which are to remain.

3. Ensure free and safe access for Clients personnel to move to and fromoccupied portions of the facility.

4. Prevent the migration of dust and dirt to occupied areas byconstructing temporary partitions.

5. Remaining facilities must be protected in the interval betweencompletion of demolition and the beginning of the new construction.

6. Cover and protect equipment, fixtures, surface finishes and floorsremaining in the demolition area to prevent soiling or damage.

7. Remove protective measures when work is completed8. Maintain and protect utilities, which are to remain, against damage

during demolition.

9. Provide bypass connections where necessary to serve occupiedportions of facilities.

10.Do not shut down any utilities without prior approval of Engineer.2-4


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11.Do not interrupt existing utilities serving occupied facilities, unlessauthorized in writing by the Engineer.

2.6 DemolitionA. General

Support or reinforce existing construction that is weakened bydemolition in order not to over load structural elements.

Completely backfill voids and below grade areas resulting fromdemolition work.

Dust spread must be kept to a minimum by sprinkling anyrubbish with water twice daily.

Maintain adequate fire protection, including extinguishers andoperative water-hose lines during demolition of flammable

materials.

B. Traffic Control

Demolition work and debris removal operations are to becarried out in such a manner that shall minimize interference

with roads, streets, walks and/or other adjacent facilities.

Provide alternative routes around closed or obstructed trafficways as directed by the Engineer.

Do not close, block or otherwise obstruct roads or facilitieswithout written permission from the Client.

C. Concrete and Masonry

Demolish concrete and masonry in small sections. Saw cut concrete along straight lines to a depth of not less than

50 mm, unless otherwise indicated on the Drawings.

Make cuts in walls perpendicular to the face and aligned withthe cut in the opposite wall face, and break out the remainder of

the concrete.

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Use removal methods, which will not crack or structurallydisturb the concrete, which will remain.

Distribute demolition equipment throughout structure andpromptly remove debris to avoid overloading supporting walls,slabs, and framing.

Seal all wall and floor openings as directed by the Engineer.

D. Pipes, Utilities and Conduits

All pipelines to be connected shall be cleaned and purged asnecessary to assure a safe environment before any cutting

activities.

The appropriate locations of pipes and conduits are generallyshown on the Drawings. Where the cutting location is not

shown, the pipe or conduit shall be removed back to the first

joint or valve, or to a location approved in advance by the

Engineer. Seal all remaining pipe ends as directed by the

Engineer.

Contractor shall inform the Engineer 72 hours prior to thecutting of any pipes or conduits leading to or from a structure

to be demolished or to be relocated. These operations shall be

coordinated with the relevant Department/Authority to assure

that no interruptions are caused.

All pipes or conduits which are encountered and which are notshown on the Drawings shall be brought to the attention of the

Engineer.

Utility lines not specifically noted for disposition, but whichare encountered in the Work shall be capped, extended,

protected or reworked as necessary for completion of the work

as directed by the Engineer.

E. Record of all disconnected services and utilities

The Contractor shall keep on site, an accurate, up to date recordof all disconnected services and utilities. Upon completion of

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2.7 Disposition of materials1. All materials resulting from the demolition work, except those

specifically identified to be salvaged, shall become the

contractors property.

2. Remove debris, rubbish, dust, fluids and other demolitionmaterials not intended for salvage from the project site bytransporting and legally disposing of the materials off site to a

dumping site, which is approved by all relevant authorities.

The Contractor is responsible to pay all costs associated with

transport and disposal.

3. If any hazardous materials are encountered during demolitionoperations, the contractor must comply with all applicable

regulations, laws and ordinances concerning removal, handling

and protection against exposure or environmental pollution.

4. Burning of removed materials shall not be permitted on theproject site.

2.8 Cleanup and repair1. Remove tools, equipment, demolished materials and protective

devices from the site upon completion of demolition work, and

leave all areas clean to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

2. Restore all remaining structures, surfaces and facilities, whichmay have been damaged during demolition work to their

original condition as required by the Engineer.


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3 GENERAL EARTHWORK AND SITE PREPARATION3.1 GeneralThis Section specifies general requirements for earthworks and site preparation and includes,

but is not limited to, the following:

General Requirements Submittals and samples Quality Control Site Investigation Suitable fill material Clearing Preparation of existing ground Placement of fill materials

3.2 RequirementsEarthwork shall comply with the following requirements, unless otherwise approved by the

Engineer.

1. No trees or shrubs shall be disturbed, unless approved bythe Engineer in writing.

2. Blasting is not permitted.3. All excavation and backfilling shall be performed in dry

conditions.

4. Earthwork shall be constructed to the lines, grades,elevations, slopes, and cross sections indicated on the

Drawings. Allowance shall be made as required for the

thickness of any pavement, blinding concrete, lining and

riprap.

5. Levels to be recorded: Benchmarks and baselines are to be agreed with Engineer.

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Before the surface of any part of the Site is disturbed, theContractor shall take and record levels on 10 m grids, unless

otherwise agreed with the Engineer.

Two working days notice is to be given to the Engineer so that therecording of levels can be performed in the presence of the

Engineer.

6. Slopes shall be smooth and uniform upon completion ofthe work.

7. All excavated materials shall be utilized for theconstruction of embankment, shoulders and other such

places as directed by the Engineer, unless the material is

found to be unsuitable. If not immediately re-used, the

excavated material shall be stockpiled in an area

designated by the Engineer. Before excavating any

material, the Contractor shall test to existing material to

determine if it is suitable to the requirements of fill or

subgrade material as specified. Suitable and unsuitable

materials shall be stockpiled separately.

8. The Contractor shall not waste or otherwise dispose ofsuitable excavated materials without written permission of

the Engineer.

9. Any excavated material not required or not suitable for useas filling material shall become the property of the

Contractor and the Contractor shall be entirely responsible

for its removal from the Site and for its appropriate

disposal.

10.If unsuitable materials are encountered in fill areas, suchunsuitable materials shall be removed as instructed by the

Engineer. Cross-sections shall be taken before and after

cutting.

11.Contractor at his own expense shall remove from the Siteall material resulting from excess excavations below that

required for the foundation, lining or bedding and shall

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12.If the bottom of any trench or structure excavation, whileacceptable to the Engineer at the time of his inspection,may subsequently become unacceptable due to exposure to

weather conditions, equipment traffic, flooding or other

conditions encountered during the progress of the works,

the Contractor shall remove such damaged, softened or

loosened material as directed by the Engineer. The cost

of the extra excavation and of the additional foundation

materials required will be the Contractors responsibility if

necessitated by his negligence.

3.3 Submittals1. The contractor shall submit sufficient information to the

Engineer, prior to purchase, in order to verify compliance

with the specifications. Such information shall include at

least the following: manufacturers name, suppliers name,

product description, manufacturers technical data sheet,

storage instructions, and application instructions.

2. Samples shall be supplied for at least the followingproducts or as requested by the Engineer.

Borrow pit material (50 kgs) Excavated material (50 kgs) Water for soil compaction (1.5 l) Geotextile (30cm x 30cm)

3. The Contractor shall provide separate method statementsfor at least the following activities or as requested by the

Engineer.

General excavation, backfill and compaction.3-3


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Dewatering activities

4. The Contractor shall submit drawings for at least crosssections for cut and fill areas.

3.4 Quality control1. Inspection Requests shall be submitted to the Engineer

during the on site installation work prior to proceeding

with at least the following activities. Minimum

notification time shall be 24 hours. Start of excavation Start of backfilling Sampling and testing

2. Testing of all fill materials shall be carried out by asuitably equipped laboratory. The proposed laboratory

shall be submitted to the Engineer for his review and

approval at least 30 days before commencing earthwork.

3. During the course of the work, tests shall be carried outunder the supervision of the Engineer, to :

Identify materials, and determine suitability. Determine compaction characteristics. Determine moisture content, and field

density.

4. Test Methods Maximum dry density of all soils shall be

determined by BS 1377: Part 4: Method

3.5/3.6.

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In situ field density of compacted soils shallbe determined by BS 1377: Part 9 method

2.1 or 2.2 (Sand Replacement Method).

Other tests (C.B.R., Sieve analysis,Atterberg limits, etc.) shall be determined

by relevant BS, AASHTO & ASTM

methods as directed by the Engineer.

5. Testing Density tests shall be made prior to removal

of dewatering systems.

Contractor shall adjust his operations topermit time to make tests and shall excavate

and fill such holes as may be required for

sampling and testing.

A subsequent layer cannot be placed untilthe density of the proceeding layer has been

tested and the area is approved by the

Engineer.

The minimum number of field density teststo be performed shall be one for every 1000

m2 per layer of compacted existing ground

or fill, unless otherwise approved by the

Engineer.

The minimum number of compaction tests todetermine the maximum dry density (MDD)

of the soil shall be at least one for every 30

consecutive field density tests conducted or

as directed by the Engineer due to changes

in the soil.

All other specified tests shall be carried outon every 2500m3 of fill material or as

directed by the Engineer due to changes in

materials.

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The Contractor shall maintain a daily log ofall tests carried out for the Engineers

review.

6. Allowable Tolerances Finished surfaces: + 25 mm from specified

level, unless otherwise approved by the

Engineer.

3.5 Delivery, storage and handlingDelivery, stockpiling, storage and handling shall be according to the method statement or

manufacturers recommendations along with the following provisions:

Transportation, handling and storage shall at alltimes be performed in a manner to avoid product

damage.

Do not store products directly on ground, unlessapproved by the Engineer. Ensure adequate timber

blocking is utilized to provide sufficient support.

If stored outside, cover products as recommendedby the manufacturer.

All excavated or borrow materials shall be stockpiled at least one meter away from the edge of the

trenches.

Stockpiling of the materials shall be in such amanner that segregation shall be kept to a minimum.

The Contractor shall visually inspect all productsupon delivery and report any damage to the

Engineer. Any products damaged during delivery,

storage or installation shall be marked by the

Contractor and set aside. Any damaged products

deemed unsuitable for repair by the Engineer shall

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3.6 Site investigation1. A soil investigation report may be provided

by the Client or Engineer. Such reports are

for information only and without any

warranty as to the correctness of the

information contained therein. Availability

of this report to the Contractor does notrelieve him of his:

a. Obligation to thoroughly investigate for himself the nature of the Site and

the sub-soil conditions therein.

b. Obligations and responsibilities under the terms and conditions of the

Contract.

2. Contractor shall be deemed to have visitedthe Site prior to submitting his Tender and

made all necessary inspections and

investigations and allowed for the following

in his Tender:

a. Means of access and working space.

b. Nature of the ground and sub-soils.

c. Presence of existing foundations or other hidden obstructions.

d. Level of the water table.

e. Extent of rock.

f. Support to neighboring properties and structures.

g. All factors affecting the Work.

3. Any information made available to theContractor, either in these documents or by

any other source, will not relieve the

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4. Contractor shall be deemed to havecontacted the relevant authorities to establish

the existence of any existing, live or

redundant services adjacent to or passing

through the area of work and shall be

deemed to have allowed in his Tender for

their location, diversion, demolition or

removal.

5. Boring logs and related information depictsubsurface conditions only at the specific

locations and at the particular time

designated on the logs.

a. Soil conditions at other locations may differ from conditions occurring at

the boring locations.

b. Passage of time may result in a change of the subsurface conditions or

water levels at the boring locations.

c. Client does not guarantee any statements, opinions, or conclusions

contained in the report.

d. Contractor shall assume all responsibility for:

Deductions and conclusions made by himregarding the nature of the materials to be

excavated;

Maintaining the required excavations; Carrying out the work affected by the subsurface

conditions at the site of the works.

e. Neither the Client nor the Engineer shall be liable for any loss sustained, if

the actual conditions encountered during progress of the work differs from

the borings, samples, tests, and/or reports provided.

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3.7 Products

3.7.1

Existing groundAfter site clearing, the top compacted 200mm of the existing ground shall be comprised of

material having the minimum qualities of suitable fill and shall be compacted to 95% of the

MDD, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.

3.7.2 Fill material1. Suitable fill material shall consist of

excavated or borrow material free fromrubbish, vegetation, perishable matter, tree

and plant stumps and other objectionable

matter.

2. Suitable fill material shall comply with thefollowing requirements, unless otherwise

approved by the Engineer.

For Embankments with maximum height 2m, fill materialsshould comply with "AASHTO" classifications A-1, A-2-4

or A-2-5 materials with min. C.B.R. Soaked value of 10%

at 95% of M.D.D., Materials classified as A-3 may only be

utilized in areas approved by the Engineer. Generally,

materials classified as A-5,A-6, A-7 shall never be used to

construct any Embankment height .

For Embankment higher than 2m, the top 2m shall complywith the previous requirement. The remaining height (lower

part of Embankment) should comply with the same req.

except if A-2-6, A-2-7 or A-4 have been improved and

accepted by the Engineer to comply with the following:

Min.C.B.R. soaked value = 3% at 95% of M.D.D. Max. swelling of C.B.R. test 3%

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Technical Specifications of Roads_part1

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