Technical Solutions for NEMO PROJECT R. Papaleo Villa OLMO, 15-19 October 2001.

Technical Solutions for NEMO PROJECTTechnical Solutions for NEMO PROJECT

R. PapaleoR. Papaleo

Villa OLMO, 15-19 October 2001Villa OLMO, 15-19 October 2001

The detection of high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin is one of the major challenges for coming years in astroparticle physics.

It is widely accepted that only a underwater cherenkov detector of 1 km3 scale could identify the astrophysical sources of these neutrinos.

The NEMO Collaborations has carried out in the past three years an R&D project aimed at:

1. Selection and characterization of an deep sea site for the deployment of the km3 detector in the Mediterranean Sea.

2. A feasibility study for the km3 detector in cooperation with leading companies in submarine and engineering and operations.

We have evaluated several solution for:

• Layout of the telescope• Mechanical structure• Data transmission system• Power distribution• Deployment of the telescope

INFN: Bari, Bologna, Cagliari, Catania,

Genova, LNF, LNS, Messina, RomaCNR: Istituto di Oceanografia Fisica di La

Spezia Istituto di Biologia del Mare di Venezia Istituto Talassografico di Messina

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale

Marina Militare Italiana

Fondazione “Ugo Bordoni”

Università: Bari, Bologna, Cagliari, Catania,

Genova, Messina,Roma “La Sapienza”

NEMO Collaboration List

R. PapaleoR. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001 Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

Sites studied by the NEMO collaboration:35 50’ N, 16 10’ E (3350m) Mar Jonio (Capo Passero) 39 05’ N, 13 20’ E (3400m) Mar Tirreno (Ustica))39 05’ N, 14 20’ E (3400m) Mar Tirreno (Alicudi)40 40’ N, 12 45’ E (3500m) Mar Tirreno (Ponza)


100 Km

Three sites explored

KM2 36°10’ N 16°19’E, depth 3350m

KM3 36°30’ N 15°50’E, depth 3345m

KM4 36°19’N, 16°04’E, depth 3341m

KM3

KM2

KM4

The Capo Passero regionThe Capo Passero region


The preliminary results show that Capo Passero site has all the required characteristics for the installation of a km3 detector:

• it is close to the coast (~ 80 km)

• depth it is ~ 3300 m

• the measured currents intensities are low and regular (<10 cm/s)

• the light transmission length is ~60 m

• the biological activity and the sedimentation rate are low

• it is close to existing infrastructure (LNS-INFN)

Summary of NEMOSummary of NEMOdeep sea explorationdeep sea exploration


NEMO PROJECTNEMO PROJECT

SHORESHORE STATIONSTATION

ELECTRO OPTICAL CABLEELECTRO OPTICAL CABLE


6464 STRINGS and/or TOWERSSTRINGS and/or TOWERS

88 ROWSROWS

88 COLUMNSCOLUMNS

200m200m Distance between ROWSDistance between ROWS

200m200m Distance between COLUMNSDistance between COLUMNS

88 JUNCTION BOXESJUNCTION BOXES

88 BRANCHING UNITSBRANCHING UNITS

100 km100 km ELECTRO OPTICAL CABLE ELECTRO OPTICAL CABLE

FROM SHOREFROM SHORE

40964096 OPTICAL MODULESOPTICAL MODULES

LayoutLayout

Upper ViewUpper View


Electro Optical CableElectro Optical Cable

NexansNexans is a leading company in the field of telecom underwater cables.

Main characteristics of the EOC:

•Length 100 km•Power load 80 kW•Optical fibers 48

They have evaluated different solutions (mechanical and electrical aspects, complete cable designs, cable cost,manufacture time, ..):

•AC voltage•DC voltage – monopolar system (sea return)•DC voltage – bipolar system (cable return)

In order to make a qualified decision of what power system to implement for the NEMO project, It is necessary to perform an evaluation of the complete power system, including cable, transformers, AC/DC converters, rectifiers, the required voltage stability, etc …

AC voltage

DC voltage – bipolar system

Electrical wire

Optical fibers


String

Jumper JB - String

Jumper JB - JB

Jumper JB - BU

Branching unit

Length of the connection cables JB - stringLength of the connection cables JB - string

•100 m100 m•300 m300 m•500 m500 m•700 m700 m

NEMO structure NEMO structure ConnectionsConnections

Branching unit Junction Box

View of a telescope rowView of a telescope row


Ocean Design Ocean Design is a leading company in the manufacture of underwater wet matable connectors, JB – JB jumper and JB – BU jumpers.

Wet-mateable hybrid Wet-mateable hybrid [optical / electrical][optical / electrical]

Mate up to 8 optical fibers and/or electrical circuits underwater. Available in ROV, manual and stab-plate versions with single and/or multi-mode optical fiber. In a single connector, multiple channels allow for higher fiber count, maintenance flexibility and expansion.

Specification Specification

•100 mate cycles without refurbishment100 mate cycles without refurbishment•< 0.5 dB attenuation/optical contact< 0.5 dB attenuation/optical contact•10 amps at 1,000 volts electrical circuit10 amps at 1,000 volts electrical circuit•10,000 psi operation, 10,000 psi operation, •80 lbs mating force for ROV format80 lbs mating force for ROV format

Underwater Connectors and JumpersUnderwater Connectors and Jumpers


750

m

150

m

HeightHeight 750 m750 m

Planes number Planes number 1616

Distance between the string Distance between the string base and the first planebase and the first plane

150 m150 m

Distance between planesDistance between planes 40 m40 m

Optical module for planeOptical module for plane 44

Total number of optical Total number of optical modules in a stringmodules in a string

6464

MaterialMaterial TiTi

STRING a la ANTARESSTRING a la ANTARES

String baseOptical Module FrameR. PapaleoR. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001 Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

Total height Total height 750 m750 m

Number of planesNumber of planes 1616

Distance between the BSS and the first planeDistance between the BSS and the first plane 150 m150 m

Plane lengthPlane length 20 m20 m

Distance between planesDistance between planes 40 m40 m

Optical modules in each planeOptical modules in each plane 44

Optical modules in each towerOptical modules in each tower 6464

MaterialMaterial Ti or compositeTi or composite

Optical ModuleOptical Module

Electronic moduleElectronic module

Electro optical cableElectro optical cable

BeamBeam

750

m

TOWER a la NEMOTOWER a la NEMO


G. TinaG. TinaR. CocimanoR. CocimanoR. PapaleoR. Papaleo

It has been evaluated, in collaboration with the University of Catania – Research Group of Electric System, different solutions for the power distribution:

1. Single cable JB-tower base, single cable tower base- tower plane (1JB-1TP);

2. Single cable JB-tower base, single cable tower base- tower plane with transformer at the tower base (1JB-TR-1TP) ;

3. Single cable JB-tower base, 16 cables tower base – tower plane (1JB-16TP);

4. Single cable JB-tower base, 16 cables tower base – tower plane (1JB-16TP), with transformer (1JB-TR-16TP).

Gruppo di Ricerca di Sistemi Elettrici per l’Energia Università degli Studi di Catania

POWER DISTRIBUTIONPOWER DISTRIBUTION

CASO 1JB-1PT

LOAD 1

LOAD2

JBLOAD

0LOAD

16

=

=

=

=

Base of the Base of the towertower

Tower planeTower plane

Junction boxJunction box

1JB-TR-1PT

JBLOAD

1LOAD

2LOAD

0LOAD

16

=

=

=

=

TransformerTransformer

ROV ROV ConnectorConnector



CASO 1JB-16PT1JB-TR-16PT

JB

LOAD

16

=

LOAD

2

LOAD

1

=

=

LOAD

0

=JB

LOAD

16

=

LOAD

2

LOAD

1

=

=

LOAD

0

=



sensors

Centralina

PMT PMT

PMT PMT

=


Power load on a tower plane


ALCATEL ALCATEL proposed a data transmission system according to NEMO specifications.

Main characteristics :

• Standard communication system;• Redundancy system;• High MTBF;• High transmission rate (8 output line @ 20 Gbps)• Low power consume (< 500 W each string and/or tower)

DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEMDATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

One module for each plane of the string.This Optical Module (S-1.1) will be used as Electrical/Optical converter within the customer equipment in both sides, under sea and in the landing station.

STM 1STM 1

1660 SM1660 SM

One module for each tower of the detector. Each 1660SM will collect all the data coming from the 16 STM 1 of the string. The module will be closed inside a small Junction Box at the base of the string.


64

48

32

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1

16

16

1

2

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

64

16xSTM-1

64

xS

TM

-16

Sp

are

64

xS

TM

-16

Main

48

32

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

157

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

1 1660SM – string and/or tower

1686WM – junction box

TRANSMISSIOM SYSTEMTRANSMISSIOM SYSTEM

Underwater detector stationUnderwater detector station

Note:Note:

• Redundancy system;Redundancy system;• Auto configuration of the Auto configuration of the

system in case of system in case of malfunctions;malfunctions;

• The Sea station is the specular The Sea station is the specular of the Landing station.of the Landing station.

The 1686WM equipments are used to concentrate 16xSTM-16 channel to one lambda (DWDM technology).4x1686WM are necessary to carry the main traffic and other four to carry the protection.


Main

Spare

1660SM

1660SM

1686WM

1686WM100 Km.

STM-1

STM-1

SHORE

Ring Structure

NEMO


General SchemeGeneral Scheme


Landing Station

From Sea

8x1686WM (they are the equivalent of the 8 junction Boxes)

64x1660SM (they are the equivalent of the 64 strings and/or towers of the

telescope)

1024xSTM-1

NMS


LANDING stationLANDING station

(they are the equivalent of the 1024 planes of the telescope)


Catania

TEST SITE LABTEST SITE LAB at Port of Catania at Port of Catania

LNS

Port

Test site Laboratory


LABORATORYLABORATORY

UNDERWATERUNDERWATERSTATIONSTATION

TEST SITE LABTEST SITE LAB at Port of Catania at Port of Catania


Long term tests for:underwater connections, electronics, mechanical structures, optical and acoustic detectors.

Multidisciplinary laboratory

GEOSTAR – POSEIDON on line underwater seismic station

LABORATORY at the PORTLABORATORY at the PORT of of CATANIACATANIA


Cable EntranceCable Entrance


LABORATORY at the PORTLABORATORY at the PORT of of CATANIACATANIA

Cable features:Cable features:

• 10 Optics Fiber standard ITU- T G-652

• 6 Electrical Conductors 4 mm2

TEST SITE CABLE LAYOUTTEST SITE CABLE LAYOUT

2.330 m of Double Armed Cable

20.595 m of Single Armed Cable

JB BUJB

JB

Drop cable 2 - 5.220 mDrop cable 2 - 5.220 m

Drop cable 1 - 5.000 mDrop cable 1 - 5.000 m


BRANCHING UNIT BRANCHING UNIT


CABLE IN THE VESSEL ON THE SHIPCABLE IN THE VESSEL ON THE SHIP


Cable on the ship Deployment of a joint

Fiber optic connectionsElectric connectionsR. PapaleoR. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001 Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

Deployment of the branching unit LNS Cable

GEOSTAR Cable


Deployment of the joint of the main cable Buoys on the cable

Shielded cable


Technical Solutions for NEMO PROJECT R. Papaleo Villa OLMO, 15-19 October 2001.

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Transcript of Technical Solutions for NEMO PROJECT R. Papaleo Villa OLMO, 15-19 October 2001.