TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON FINISHING PROCESSES

FAA.2012-06 Agenda.doc

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON FINISHING PROCESSES

MEMORANDUM

TO: Technical Committee on Finishing Processes

FROM: R. P. Benedetti / N. Pearce

DATE: May 30, 2012

SUBJECT: Agenda for June 5 6, 2012 Meeting in Ft. Lauderdale FL _________________________________________________________________________________ Enclosed is the Agenda for the June 5 6, 2012 meeting of the Technical Committee on Finishing Processes, to be held at the Embassy Suites 17th Street, Ft. Lauderdale FL. The Agenda and attachments are being transmitted to you electronically and will also be posted to the Technical Committees web page. If you wish to add other topics to the Agenda, they can be discussed under New Business. If you have additional materials to be added to the Agenda, please bring them with you to the meeting. We look forward to seeing you in ft. Lauderdale. rpb/ cc FAA Meeting Folder FAA/NM (2)



AGENDA

Technical Committee on Finishing Processes Embassy Suites 17th Street

Ft. Lauderdale, FL Tuesday, June 5, 2012, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM

Wednesday, June 6, 2012, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM

1. Call to Order. 2. Introduction of Attendees and Update of Committee Roster. [Attachment A1] 3. Approval of Minutes of Last Meetings. [Savannah GA, Sep. 29-30, 2009] [Attachment A2] 4. Report of Committee Chair. [S. Gunsel] 5. Report of Staff Liaison. [R. Benedetti]

Report on Technical Committee Membership. [Attachment A3] - Balance of Interests. - New Members: Andrew Anschell, Liberty Mutual Group (Alt. to Rob Fribergr) James Gustin, Travelers Insurance Guy Jones, Amerex Corp. David Schutt, 3M Company (Alt. to Steve Jensen) Nancy Pearce, NFPA, Staff Liaison - New Applicants. - Reappointment of Current Members. - Rob Friberg - Committee Service Award

New Technical Committee Scope. [Attachment A3] Fall 2014 Document Revision Cycle. [Attachment A4]

6. Marine Spray Finishing in Membrane Enclosures

** This Agenda Item includes tours of two local marinas to observe operations involving spray finishing of marine vessels enclosed in membranes.

The tours will be held after lunch on Tuesday, June 5, 2012.

Photo of Typical Application. [Attachment A5a] Brief Introduction of Operation. [R. Galvez] [Attachment A5b] Dania Cut Hazard & Risk Analysis. [Attachment A5c] Dania Cut Alternative Operating Procedure. [Attachment A5d]


Cahanin Hazard & Risk Report. [Attachment A5e] NOTE: Attachment A of the report is not included, due its size.

Cahanin Alternative Operating Procedure. [Attachment A5f] Public Input Proposal to Add a New Chapter to NFPA 33. [Attachment A5g] [NOTE: Brief presentations will be made by: G. Cahanin, R. Galvez, J. Parks]

7. Correlation Issues Between NFPA 33 and Article 516 of NFPA 70. [Don Ankele]

Proposal 14-144 NFPA 70-2011. [Attachment A6a] Memo from National Electrical Code Technical Correlating Committee [Attachment A6b] Issues Paper from Don Ankele. [Attachment A6c] Initial Draft of proposed Amendments to Article 516 of NFPA 70. [Attachment A6d]

8. Use of HEPA Filters on Spray Booth Exhaust Port As Alternative for Exhaust to Outside.

[John Gokey] [Attachments s A7a, A7b, A7c] 9. Task Group to Address Correlation between NFPA 33 and NFPA 409 Area Classification.

[Attachment s A8a and A8b] 10. Task Group to Address Correlation with European Standards. [Bob Feldkamp]

EN1953 Non-electrostatic Spray Equipment EN50050 Hand Held Electrostatic Spray Equipment EN50176 Automatic Liquid Electrostatic Spray Systems EN50177 Automatic Powder Electrostatic Spray Systems EN12215 Liquid Spray Booths [Attachment A9a] EN12981 Powder Spray Booths [Attachment A9b] EN13355 Combined Spray and Cure Booths [Attachment A9c]

11. Fire Protection Considerations for New Booth Designs [Tom Euson] There have been two new booth designs introduced in the automotive industry that need to be

addressed. They pose different protection challenges from conventional designs. The Technical Committee was initially introduced to these at our Savannah meeting last cycle.

Dry scrubber booth utilizing finely crushed limestone as the filter media with cartridge filters as

the secondary filters. This design should be reviewed for protection considerations, specifically as it relates to booth configuration.

Electrostatic precipitation as a means to remove overspray from the exhaust air. It is understood that grids at 40,000 volts are employed for this at the eliminator / scrubber level. The high voltage poses a concern in an environment with paint overspray and solvent vapors.

12. Exhaust Duct Sprinklers [Tom Euson] Section 9.4.6 of NFPA 33 addresses exhaust duct and stack sprinkler protection. In summary, it

specifies that sprinkler heads be spaced no more than 12 apart and flow a minimum of 30 gpm/head at 15 psi. Concerns:

No differentiation is made between a 12 diameter duct and a 60 diameter duct or a 48 x 48

rectangular duct. The coverages are widely different. No differentiation is made between a vertical duct and a horizontal duct. Should allowing the

flow down the duct from a head(s) near the top be considered? Is 30 gpm from 15 psi realistic for most installations? Should more pressure be allowed?

Should less flow be allowed? 13. Class I, Division 2 - [Tom Euson] During every document revision cycle, the issue of eliminating the 3 Class I, Division 2 bubble

around booth doors is discussed. Each cycle, no action is taken, due to insufficient information as to the actual conditions and LFL levels. General Motors has indicated a willingness to provide testing for the Technical Committees evaluation. Prior to the testing, discussion is necessary to provide


guidance as to the data needed and any other considerations that might apply, e.g., not being able to go directly from a Class I, Division 1 area to unclassified.

14. Recent Correspondence. (NONE) 15. Other Old Business. (NONE) 16. New Business

NFPA 33, D.1.2(4): Merits of Requiring Water-wash Booths for Operations Involving Nitrocellulose Lacquers.

Appoint Chapter Review Task Groups. 17. New Business Items from Advisory Service Inquiries:

RE: 1.1.6 of NFPA 33, still looking for what we mean by repeatedly in the same location and occasional.

Need for definitions: air recirculation filter house and secondary recirculation particulate filter. Also, are the latter HEPA filters?

RE: 3.3.2.3 of NFPA 33, where three (or more) levels of filtration are provided in a recirculating spray booth, are these additional levels of ventilation also considered secondary?

RE: 3.3.16 of NFPA 33, should the definition of Ventilation be revised to read: For the purposes of this standard, movement of air that is provided for the prevention of fire and explosion and is sufficient to prevent accumulation of vaporair mixtures in concentrations over 25 percent of the lower flammable limit or the accumulation of dust-air mixtures in concentrations over 50 percent of the minimum explosible concentration.

In Chapter 6 of both NFPA 33 and NFPA 34, do the area classification line drawings need to be redrawn to better distinguish between the actual outline of the piece of equipment (booth, dip tank, etc.) and the boundaries of the classified area?

In Chapter 7 of both NFPA 33 and NFPA 34, would the Technical Committee consider a requirement for an interlock between the equipment and the make-up air system?

RE: 7.4 of NFPA 33, should the term fire barrier wall be added? RE: Section 8.2, should process area be defined within context of spray area? In 9.4.6(3) of NFPA 33, need to correct to add: all sprinklers likely to open in anyone fire

incident without depleting the available water for use in hose streams, which appeared in prior editions.

RE: 10.2.1 of NFPA 33, should the amount of residue requiring cleanup and removal be specified?

In Chapter 13 of NFPA 33, should there be distinction between direct-fired and indirect-fired drying?

18. Schedule Next Meetings. 19. Adjournment.

Address List No PhoneFinishing Processes FAA-AAA

Nancy Pearce05/31/2012

FAA-AAASteven J. GunselChairSGTechnologies, LLC944 Southport DriveMedina, OH 44256-3018

SE 1/1/1992FAA-AAA

Thomas G. EusonSecretary3S Incorporated8686 Southwest ParkwayHarrison, IN 45030Alternate: Matthew M. Euson

IM 1/1/1988

FAA-AAAWilliam C. AndersonPrincipalApproved Fire Protection Company, Inc.2513 North Burdick StreetKalamazoo, MI 49007National Association of Fire Equipment Distributors

IM 7/20/2000FAA-AAA

Donald W. AnkelePrincipalUL LLC333 Pfingsten RoadNorthbrook, IL 60062-2096Alternate: Michael A. Slowinske

RT 1/14/2005

FAA-AAAJohn D. BloomgrenPrincipalInfinity Precision, LLC7850 Park DriveChanhassen, MN 55317

M 4/1/1993FAA-AAA

Amy BrownPrincipalFM Global1151 Boston-Providence TurnpikePO Box 9102Norwood, MA 02062-9102Alternate: John A. LeBlanc

I 8/5/2009

FAA-AAALarry B. CoxPrincipalStructurlite Composites Consultants122 Wilshire DriveHebron, OH 43025

SE 11/2/2006FAA-AAA

Dean DohertyPrincipalGeneral Motors North America30300 Mount Road, Mailcode 480-109-161PO Box 9040Warren, MI 48090NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section

U 1/16/2003

FAA-AAARobert J. FeldkampPrincipalNordson Corporation300 Nordson DriveAmherst, OH 44001Alternate: Edward L. Jones

M 7/24/1997FAA-AAA

Rob J. FribergPrincipalLiberty Mutual Property5911 Decker StreetSchofield, WI 54476Property Casualty Insurers Association of AmericaAlternate: Andrew Anschell

I 4/5/2001

FAA-AAAPaul B. GentryPrincipalZurich Services CorporationRisk Engineering1047 Waldron RoadLa Vergne, TN 37086Alternate: James W. Taylor

I 10/4/2001FAA-AAA

John GokeyPrincipalTyco Fire Suppression & Building ProductsOne Stanton StreetMarinette, WI 54143Alternate: Jeffrey A. Breighner

M 7/1/1993

1

bbenedettiText Box ATTACHMENT No. A1



FAA-AAAJames S. GustinPrincipalTravelers Insurance CompanyPO Box 473500Charlotte, NC 28247-3500

I 3/1/2011FAA-AAA

Brian K. HaynackPrincipalSherwin-Williams Company101 Prospect Ave. NW, Midland Bldg. 400Cleveland, OH 44115American Industrial Hygiene Association

M 7/26/2007

FAA-AAASteven D. JensenPrincipal3M Company915 Adams Street, SEHutchinson, MN 55350-9431Alternate: David J. Schutt

U 4/1/1995FAA-AAA

Guy L. Jones, Jr.PrincipalAmerex Corporation7595 Gadsden HighwayPO Box 81Trussville, AL 35173-0081Fire Equipment Manufacturers' AssociationAlternate: William Vegso

M 03/05/2012

FAA-AAAMartin J. KoreckyPrincipalAkzo Nobel Powder Coatings150 Columbia StreetReading, PA 19601

M 3/15/2007FAA-AAA

John C. LarsonPrincipalThe DuPont Company, Inc.Experimental Station E308/205PO Box 80308Wilmington, DE 19880-0308Alternate: John R. Moore

M 7/17/1998

FAA-AAADennis P. MasonPrincipalAEGIS Insurance ServicesLoss Control Division4797 Jackson StreetTrenton, MI 48183

I 7/17/1998FAA-AAA

John McKnightPrincipalNational Marine Manufacturers Association444 North Capitol Street NW, Suite 645Washington, DC 20001Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.

U 4/1/1996

FAA-AAALowell MilesPrincipalMiles Fiberglass & Composites8855 SE Otty RoadPortland, OR 97266American Composites Manufacturers Association

U 1/1/1986FAA-AAA

G. Randall NancePrincipalAutomated Fire Systems, Inc.PO Box 23545Charlotte, NC 28227

IM 1/1/1990

FAA-AAAGeoffrey A. RaifsniderPrincipalGlobal Finishing Solutions12731 Norway RoadOsseo, WI 54758

M 8/5/2009FAA-AAA

Douglas A. RivordPrincipalGraco, Inc.PO Box 1441Minneapolis, MN 55440Alternate: Angela Redlund Spieker

M 1/18/2001

FAA-AAADon ScarbroughPrincipal550 Randall RoadElyria, OH 44035

SE 1/1/1972

2



FAA-AAARonald A. SchulzPrincipalXL Global Asset Protection Services200 East Big Beaver RoadTroy, MI 48083Alternate: Mark A. Bowman

I 7/16/2003FAA-AAA

Barry ThomasPrincipalBECCA Inc.2010 Cobb International Blvd.Kennesaw, GA 30152

M 1/1/1996

FAA-AAAAndrew AnschellAlternateLiberty Mutual Insurance1548 NE 170th StreetShoreline, WA 98155-6019Property Casualty Insurers Association of AmericaPrincipal: Rob J. Friberg

I 8/9/2011FAA-AAA

Mark A. BowmanAlternateXL Global Asset Protection Services13467 Chevington DrivePickerington, OH 43147Principal: Ronald A. Schulz

I 10/28/2008

FAA-AAAJeffrey A. BreighnerAlternateTyco/SimplexGrinnell9585 Snowden River ParkwayColumbia, MD 21046Principal: John Gokey

M 8/5/2009FAA-AAA

Matthew M. EusonAlternate3S Incorporated8686 Southwest ParkwayHarrison, IN 45030Principal: Thomas G. Euson

IM 10/28/2008

FAA-AAAEdward L. JonesAlternateNordson Corporation300 Nordson Drive, M/S 44Amherst, OH 44001Principal: Robert J. Feldkamp

M 7/26/2007FAA-AAA

John A. LeBlancAlternateFM Global1151 Boston-Providence TurnpikePO Box 9102Norwood, MA 02062-9102Principal: Amy Brown

I 8/5/2009

FAA-AAAJohn R. MooreAlternateE. I. DuPont CompanyExperimental Station E308/205PO Box 80308Wilmington, DE 19880-0308Principal: John C. Larson

M 10/4/2007FAA-AAA

David J. SchuttAlternate3M Company3M Center, Building 224-6W-28St. Paul, MN 55144-1000Principal: Steven D. Jensen

U 8/9/2011

FAA-AAAMichael A. SlowinskeAlternateUL LLC333 Pfingsten RoadNorthbrook, IL 60062-2096Principal: Donald W. Ankele

RT 7/22/1999FAA-AAA

Angela Redlund SpiekerAlternateGraco, Inc.88 11th Avenue NEMinneapolis, MN 55413Principal: Douglas A. Rivord

M 8/5/2009

3



FAA-AAAJames W. TaylorAlternateZurich Services Corporation545 Saddle LaneCookeville, TN 38501Principal: Paul B. Gentry

I 3/4/2009FAA-AAA

William VegsoAlternateBuckeye Fire Equipment Company110 Kings RoadKings Mountain, NC 28086Fire Equipment Manufacturers' AssociationPrincipal: Guy L. Jones, Jr.

M 3/15/2007

FAA-AAAMatthew I. ChibbaroNonvoting MemberUS Department of LaborOccupational Safety & Health Administration200 Constitution Ave. NW, Room N3609Washington, DC 20210Alternate: William R. Hamilton

E 4/15/2004FAA-AAA

William R. HamiltonAlt. to Nonvoting MemberUS Department of LaborOccupational Safety & Health Administration200 Constitution Ave. NW, Room N3609Washington, DC 20210Principal: Matthew I. Chibbaro

E 3/4/2009

FAA-AAANancy PearceStaff LiaisonNational Fire Protection Association1 Batterymarch ParkQuincy, MA 02169-7471

1/11/2012

4

FAA.2009-09 Minutes.doc


MINUTES of MEETING

Technical Committee on Finishing Processes Hilton Savannah DeSoto Hotel

Savannah GA September 29 & 30, 2009

I. ATTENDANCE W. C. Anderson, Approved Fire Protection Company, Inc. (Rep. National Association of Fire Equipment Distributors) J. D. Bloomgren, Infinity Precision, LLC L. B. Cox, American Composites Manufacturers Association (via web conference) D. Doherty, General Motors North America (via web conference)

(Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section) M. M. Euson, 3S Incorporated

T. G. Euson, 3S Incorporated, SECRETARY R. J. Feldkamp, Nordson Corporation S. J. Gunsel, SGTechnologies, LLC, CHAIR

D. P. Jenkins, Paragon Risk Engineering J. S. Jurasic, Jurasic Equipment Inc. J. C. Larson, DuPont Performance Coatings D. P. Mason, AEGIS Insurance Services G. Murin, Travelers Insurance Co. G. R. Nance, Automated Fire Systems, Inc.

A. L. Pirro, Intertek Testing Services G. A. Raifsnider, Global Finishing Solutions D. A. Rivord, Graco Incorporated

D. R. Scarbrough, Elyria, OH R. A. Schulz, XL Global Asset Protection Services J. W. Taylor, Zurich Services Corporation

B. Thomas, BECCA Incorporated W. Vegso, Buckeye Fire Equipment Company

(Rep. Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association) R. Benedetti, NFPA, STAFF LIAISON GUESTS: F. Barstow, Victaulic A. Halbmeyer, Eisenmann R. Hennessy, Eisenmann



II. MINUTES 1. The meeting was called to order at 8:05 AM on September 29, 2009 by Technical Committee Chair

Steve Gunsel. 2. Attendees introduced themselves. The Technical Committee roster was corrected as needed.

Action Item: The Staff Liaison was directed to circulate an up-to-date roster. 3. The Minutes of the prior meeting (February 3 & 4, 2009, in St. Pete Beach FL) were unanimously

approved as submitted. 4. Technical Committee Chair Steve gunsel presented a brief review of the status of the current

document revision cycle. He also suggested as future items to pursue: better correlation between NFPA 33 and NFPA 410 for aircraft spray finishing hangars; addition of stack lining operations to coverage under NFPA 33.

5. The Staff Liaison reported on the following topics:

Technical Committee Membership. - The Technical Committee is in balance with respect to interest groups. - New Technical Committee members have been appointed: Amy Brown & John LeBlanc, FM Global Jeff Breighner, Tyco/Simplex Grinnell (alternate to John Gokey) William Hamilton, OSHA (alternate to Matt Chibbaro) Geoff Raifsnider, Global Finishing Systems Angela Spieker, Graco (alternate to Doug Rivord) James Taylor, Zurich Services, (alternate to Paul Gentry) - New applicants to the Technical Committee: Messrs. Buck and Pierin, Durr Systems

Proposed New Technical Committee Scope. The Staff Liaison reported that the ballot on the proposed amendment to the Technical Committee scope statement (addition of printing processes) has been completed and the recommendation to effect the scope change has been submitted to the NFPA Standards Council for their approval.

The Staff Liaison reviewed the key dates for the Annual 2010 Document Revision Cycle, through which the proposed amendments to both NFPA 33 and NFPA 34 will be processed.

6. Report of NFPA 34 Printing Operations Task Group. Tom Euson reported that the printing industry

has apparently no concerns with the Report on Proposals (ROP) on NFPA 34, as they did not propose any comments.

7. Reports of Other Task Groups.

Task Group on Minimum Explosive Concentration (MEC) Data [D. Scarbrough] Don Scarbrough reported at the last meeting that he had found some MEC data, but it was not representative of the types of powders used for powder coating. In particular, the mean particle sizes and particle size distributions of the test powders were both larger than what is now common in the industry (mean particle size of 50, as compared with the 10 common to industry). All other existing data is at least 40 years old and in need of updating.

Task Group on OSHA 1910.107 [J. McKnight & L. Miles] The letter circulated earlier to the Technical Committee serves as the Task Group report.

Task Group on European Standards [R. Feldkamp] Bob Feldkamp provided a summary of recent activities.

8. The Technical Committee reviewed and acted on all comments received on the Report on Proposals

(ROP) to amend NFPA 34 and developed necessary additional comments. Action Item: The Staff Liaison was directed to prepare the letter ballot for the NFPA 34 Report on Comments (ROC).


9. The Technical Committee reviewed and acted on all comments received on the Report on Proposals

(ROP) to amend NFPA 33 and developed necessary additional comments. Action Item: The Staff Liaison was directed to prepare the letter ballot for the NFPA 33 Report on Comments (ROP).

10. The Technical Committee discussed expanding the scope of NFPA 33 to address on-site FGRP

fabrication operations, but took no action. 11. The Technical Committee heard a presentation by R. Hennessy, Eisenmann Corporation on a novel

filtration system that uses static electricity to remove overspray and particulates from the exhaust air stream from a spray booth.

12. The Technical Committee reviewed recent correspondence. Most required no action by the Technical

Committee. All others were deferred to the next document revision cycle. Action Item: The Staff Liaison was directed to add the appropriate items to the next meeting agenda.

13. There was no Other Old Business requiring the Technical Committees attention. 14. Under New Business:

The Technical Committee heard a presentation by F. Barstow on the capabilities of the Vortex N2/water Mist fire suppression system.

15. The Technical Committee tentatively scheduled its next meeting for September 21 and 22, 2010,

preferably at the FM Global test center in Glocester RI. 15. The meeting adjourned at 12:00 PM on September 30, 2009.

FAA Scope Statement & Member Balance.doc - 5/29/2012


SCOPE STATEMENT

This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on safeguarding against the fire and explosion hazards associated with spray application processes, dipping processes, coating processes, and other similar processes, including glass fiber/resin fabrication processes and printing processes, except for certain dipping processes that are within the scope of the Committee on Ovens and Furnaces. Responsible for NFPA 33, Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, and NFPA 34, Standard for Dipping and Coating Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids.

COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP BALANCE

Members: 27 M: 10 (37%)* U: 4 (15%)** Voting Alternates: 0 I/M: 3 (11%)*** L/C: 0 Alternates: 12 R/T: 1 (4%) E: 0 Non-Voting: 2 I: 6 (22%) SE: 3 (11%) Emeritus 1 Task Group: 0 Hold List: 5 Balance: Overbalanced) *(air & airless spray equipment: 1 ancillary equipment: 1 booths & enclosures: 1

dip/flow coating systems: 1 electrostatic spray equipment: 1 fire suppression equipment: 2 liquid coatings: 2 powder coatings: 1)

**(dip & flow coating systems: 1 FGRP systems: 2 spray coating systems: 1) ***(fire suppression systems: 3 spray application systems: 0)


ProcessStage ProcessStep

DatesforTCDatesforTCwithCC

PublicInputClosingDate* 1/4/2013 1/4/2013FinaldateforTCFirstDraftMeeting 6/14/2013 3/15/2013PostingofFirstDraftandTCBallot 8/2/2013 4/26/2013FinaldateforReceiptofTCFirstDraftballot 8/23/2013 5/17/2013FinaldateforReceiptofTCFirstDraftballotrecirc 8/30/2013 5/24/2013PostingofFirstDraftforCCMeeting 5/31/2013FinaldateforCCFirstDraftMeeting 7/12/2013PostingofFirstDraftandCCBallot 8/2/2013FinaldateforReceiptofCCFirstDraftballot 8/23/2013FinaldateforReceiptofCCFirstDraftballotrecirc 8/30/2013PostFinalFirstDraftforPublicComment 9/6/2013 9/6/2013

PublicCommentclosingdate 11/15/2013 11/15/2013FinalDatetoPublishNoticeofConsentDocuments(DocumentsThatReceivedNoComments)

11/22/2013 11/22/2013

AppealClosingDateforConsentDocuments(15Days)(DocumentsThatReceivedNoComments)

12/7/2013 12/7/2013

FinaldateforTCSecondDraftMeeting 5/2/2014 1/24/2014PostingofSecondDraftandTCBallot 6/13/2014 3/7/2014FinaldateforReceiptofTCSecondDraftBallot 7/7/2014 3/28/2014FinaldateforreceiptofTCSecondDraftballotrecirc 7/14/2014 4/4/2014PostingofSecondDraftforCCMtg 4/11/2014FinaldateforCCSecondDraftMeeting 5/23/2014PostingofSecondDraftforCCBallot 6/13/2014FinaldateforReceiptofCCSecondDraftballot 7/7/2014FinaldateforReceiptofCCSecondDraftballotrecirc 7/14/2014PostFinalSecondDraftforNITMAMReview 7/18/2014 7/18/2014

NoticeofIntenttoMakeaMotion(NITMAM)ClosingDate 8/22/2014 8/22/2014PostingofCertifiedAmendingMotionsandConsentDocuments 10/17/2014 10/17/2014AppealClosingDateforConsentDocuments(15Days) 11/1/2014 11/1/2014SCIssuanceDateforConsentDocuments(25Days) 11/11/2014 11/11/2014

TechSession AssociationMeetingforDocumentswithCAMs 6/2225/2015 6/2225/2015

AppealClosingDateforDocumentswithCAMs(20Days) 7/15/2015 7/15/2015SCIssuanceDatesforDocumentswithCAMs 8/27/2015 8/27/2015

CommentStage(SecondDraft)

TechSessionPreparation(&Issuance)

AppealsandIssuance

2014FALLREVISIONCYCLE

PublicInputStage

(FirstDraft)

*PublicInputDatesmayvaryaccordingtodocumentsandschedulesforRevisionCyclesmaychange.PleasechecktheNFPAWebsiteforthemostuptodateinformationonPublicInputClosingDatesandschedulesatwww.nfpa.org/document#(i.e.www.nfpa.org/101)andclickontheNextEditiontab


ATTACHMENT A5

bbenedettiText Box ATTACHMENT No. A5a

5/30/2012

1

Painting of Marine vessels in Temporary Enclosures

THE FIRE PROTECTION INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM, INC.

5/14/2012 1

Rick Galvez, PE

Scope of Project

This analysis is focused on the protection of marine vesselsundergoing painting in outside membrane enclosures made out of

flame retardant materials and scaffolding frames, in and out of

twater.

There is no NFPA standard or provision in the Florida FirePrevention Code that specifically addresses the spray application of

flammable or combustible materials in an outdoor temporary

membrane enclosure.

5/14/2012 2

Goal

Provide a level of life safety and fire protection equivalent to that

enjoyed in a paint booth regulated by the requirements of NFPA 33 -

Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible

M t i l 2003 Editi b t ith t th b fit f fi d fi i klMaterials, 2003 Edition, but without the benefits of a fixed fire sprinkler

protection system.

5/14/2012 3

Issue

The issue comes down to providing a level of life safety and fireprotection equivalent, while spraying flammable or combustible paints in

an outside membrane enclosure, to that enjoyed in a paint booth

regulated by the requirements of NFPA 33 Standard for Sprayregulated by the requirements of NFPA 33 - Standard for Spray

Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials, 2003 Edition,

but without the benefits of a fixed fire sprinkler protection system,

because such a system would be impractical on a temporary basis and

also because of the different sizes of boats involved.

Need agreement with fire department.

5/14/2012 4

Enclosures

5/14/2012 5

Ventilation and A/C Equipment

5/14/2012 6

bbenedettiText Box ATTACHMENT No. A5b

5/30/2012

2

NFPA STANDARDS NFPA-312, Standard for Fire Protection of Vessels During Construction, Conversion, Repair, and Lay-Up,

2011 Edition provided the framework for the report. Additional guidance was obtained from the following NFPA standards:

NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2002 edition. NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems,

2002 edition. NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustibles Liquid Code, 2003 edition NFPA 33, Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials, 2003 Edition NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work, 2003 edition. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2005 edition. NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, 2003 edition NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2006 edition NFPA 306, Standard for the Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels, 2009 edition. NFPA 307, Standard for the Construction and Fire Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves,

2006 edition. NFPA 701: Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films, 2010 edition

5/14/2012 7

Operation

Between 140 to 230 long. Exterior painting only. NFPA 101 classifies as Industrial occupancy . Painting on water using floating boom. Membrane enclosure. Scaffolding per OSHA 1926 Subpart L, Scaffolds. Air conditioning and exhaust system with explosion-proof motors

and with exhaust capacity required to maintain safe LEL levels.

Once the painting operations are complete the membrane enclosureis dismantled and the flame-retardant film is recycled. The film is

not reused5/14/2012 8

Considerations Enclosure Materials Grounding Water Supply Personnel Not Allowed on

Board During Painting

Storage of Explosives,Flammable Material, andDangerous Cargo

Use of Open-Flame or Spark-Emitting Devices and FireWatch

Separation from OtherOccupancies

Rubbish, Waste Materials, OilSpills, and General Care.

Smoking Power Tools

Watch Welding, Cutting, and Heating

Apparatus Electric Welding Cables Heating Electrical Installations Application of Paints and

Other Flammable Compounds

5/14/2012 9

Scaffolding and Frame

5/14/2012 10

Filtration Bank / Enclosure on water

5/14/2012 11

Exit / Enclosure

5/14/2012 12

THE FIRE PROTECTION INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM, INC. West Region Warde Comeaux 3600 Clayton Rd. Ste. E Concord, CA 94521 Ph: (925) 825.4643 Fax: (925) 691.4367 [email protected]

Central Region Gerald Schultz, P.E. 1202N 75th St. #279 Downers Grove, IL 60516 Ph: (630) 985.3106 Fax: (630) 985.3114 [email protected]

East Region Rick Galvez, P.E. 9702 SW 57th St. Cooper City, FL 33328 Ph: (305) 915-0488 Fax: (866) 520-7838 [email protected]

FIRE PROTECTION - LIFE SAFETY - CODE CONSULTING - PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN

FIRE HAZARD ANALYSIS DANIA CUT SUPER YACHT

REPAIR FACILITY DANIA, FLORIDA

Prepared for:

Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair Facility

Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair

[email protected] 760 NE 7th Avenue

Dania Beach, Florida 33004 (954) 923-9545 tel

July 26, 2011

Prepared by:

___________________________ Rick Galvez, P.E.

Senior Engineer

Reviewed by:

___________________________ Jerry Schultz, P.E. Managing Director

bbenedettiText Box ATTACHMENT No. A5c

Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair - - July 26, 2011 Dania, Florida FPI Project No. 11-4044


i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction ________________________________________________________________1

II. Code Requirements ________________________________________________________1

III. Facility and Operation Description ____________________________________________1

IV. Means of Egress ________________________________________________________4

V. Hazard Analysis _________________________________________________________4

1- Inspection ______________________________________________________________4

2- Rubbish, Waste Materials, Oil Spills, and General Care. ______________________4

3- Smoking _______________________________________________________________4

4- Storage of Explosives, Flammable Material, and Dangerous Cargo ____________5

5- Use of Open-Flame or Spark-Emitting Devices and Fire Watch ________________5

6- Welding, Cutting, and Heating Apparatus ___________________________________6

7- Electric Welding Cables __________________________________________________6

8- Heating ________________________________________________________________6

9- Electrical Installations ____________________________________________________6

10- Application of Paints and Other Flammable Compounds ____________________7

VI. Performance Calculations. Is Atmosphere Below 10 % of LEL ________________8

1- Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) ______________________________________________8

2- Characteristic of Paint Utilized ____________________________________________8

3- Calculation of Vapors Produced by a Gallon of Paint _________________________8

4- Capacity and Arrangement of Ventilation System ____________________________9

5- Volume of Worst Case Enclosure __________________________________________9

6- Calculation of Ventilation Rate ____________________________________________9

7- Calculation of LEL under Worst Possible Conditions _________________________9

VII. Conclusion and Recommendations _________________________________________10



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I. Introduction The Fire Protection International Consortium (FPI) has been retained by the Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair Facility to perform a fire hazard risk analysis of their shipyard located in the City of Dania. This analysis is focused on the protection of yachts undergoing repair and painting. II. Code Requirements This analysis has been prepared in accordance with the 2007 edition of the Florida Fire preven-tion Code. NFPA-312, Standard for Fire Protection of Vessels During Construction, Conversion, Repair, and Lay-Up, 2011 Edition provided the framework for the report. Additional guidance was ob-tained from the following NFPA standards:

1- NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2010 edition. 2- NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire

Protection Systems, 2011 edition. 3- NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustibles Liquid Code, 2008 edition 4- NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work,

2009 edition. 5- NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2011 edition. 6- NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, 2003 edition 7- NFPA 306, Standard for the Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels, 2009 edition. 8- NFPA 307, Standard for the Construction and Fire Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers,

and Wharves, 2011 edition. 9- NFPA 312, Standard for Fire Protection of Vessels During Construction, Conversion,

Repair, and Lay-Up, 2006 edition. III. Facility and Operation Description The Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair Fa-cility services yachts that vary in size from 140 to 230 feet in length. Most of the work in this shipyard consists of painting the exterior with coatings that will withstand harsh environments. The interior of the vessels are not painted. The interior is sealed off during the paint operations. The paints are Ure-thane types that are sprayed on to the vessel. Because of the varying sizes of the boats it is necessary to paint the boats in the space where they dock, on water. Painting takes place up to the water


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line. In order to accomplish this, a spray booth enclosure is assembled around the boat. The enclosure is constructed of metal scaffolding, treated wood planks, and wrapped in flame-retardant polyethylene Dr. Shrink film. The booth enclosure is air-conditioned and equipped with an exhaust system, by the stern of the ship, provided with explosion-proof motors and a total exhaust capaci-ty of 26,400 cfm. Make up air is by means of banks of 2-ft x 2-ft media filters mounted on metal frames at the bow on both sides of the en-closure to insure a laminar flow of air from front to back of the vessel. Once the painting operations are complete the booth is dismantled. Yachts are prepared for a period of up to 4 months, and then painted over a period of between 3 days and a week, depending on the size of the yacht. During the preparation phase, blisters are sanded down to bare metal and primed with a high build base, and old paint is removed. The amounts of high build base to be utilized are small, in the range of up to one pound at the time. The spray operations are done by an outside contractor with profes-sional painters. There are two to four painters working on a boat at any one time. Each painter uses a High Volume, Low Pressure (HVLP) spray gun that is con-nected to a two gallon pot. The pots are air pumped and are ar-ranged with manual shut off valves to stop operations in an emergen-cy. The boat is grounded during the spray operations to prevent static sparks. The flash point of the paint is 102F with a lower ex-plosive limit of 0.81 and an upper explosive limit of 15. The paint is purchased and delivered to the site the day the painting will occur. The maximum amount of paint applied in a 4 hour period is 30 gallons. The paint, thinners and catalyst are stored in a U. L. Listed flammable liquids locker. The locker is located at the entrance to the booth for access.


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The paint and catalyst are mixed in 10 gallon batches and the re-mainder of the material is kept in a listed flammable liquids con-tainer. The paint is time sensi-tive and has a pot life and can only be mixed in small batches that will be used quickly. All ma-terials used are kept in safety cans. All rags and waste are stored in approved containers and are removed daily by the contractor. The vessel is checked with hand-held explosion meters to confirm that the area is safe be-fore work is begun. No opera-tions will be done on the vessel if the readings are within 10 percent of the lower explosive limit. The paint enclosure booth is not protected by a fixed fire suppression sprinkler system. The concern of the fire department is fire suppression for the booth. A spray booth is erected for each project at the time of painting. It would be difficult to install a sprinkler or fire suppression system in the booth. It is extremely likely that a fixed fire suppression system would not operate. It is our opinion that a fixed fire suppression system would not be of benefit in the booth. With the idea that a fixed fire suppression system would be ineffective, it is necessary to ad-dress the human side of fire protection. This side is dependent upon procedures being followed and humans recognizing the hazard involved and being vigilant to reduce the likelihood of a fire. 20-pound dry chemical fire ex-tinguishers are located every 20 ft inside the booth. This allows for the manual extinguishment of a fire. In addition there will be a fire watch provided with a telephone during set up for spraying, spray operations, clean up and vent-ing of the booth. Were a fire to occur, the guard will notify the fire department right away. The painters in the area will be wearing protective equipment and breathing apparatus.


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Every day, personnel will inspect the vessel and use hand held explosion meters to measure readings inside the vessel. It the readings are within 10 percent of the LEL work will not resume on the vessel or within 20 feet of the booth. Following painting of the vessel the contractor removes waste materials from the site. IV. Means of Egress The enclosure has been provided with four exits: two through the back, and one on each side. Each exit has been clearly marked. The allowable distance for a Special Purpose Industrial Occupancy, unsprinklered, is 300 feet. The biggest vessel to be serviced in this marina would be 230 feet long, with a 50 feet beam. Allowable travel distances are not exceeded. V. Hazard Analysis

1- Inspection

General fire safety inspections are made by the fire safety manager representing the shipyard during the entire repair period to note and initiate actions to eliminate fire ha-zards or to implement work procedures to keep these hazards to a minimum. An inspection of a vessel is made by the fire safety manager representing the shipyard to evaluate potential fire hazards as soon as practicable after the vessel enters the re-pair yard and before any work is started.

2- Rubbish, Waste Materials, Oil Spills, and General Care. Work areas are kept clean. All accumulations and particularly combustible rubbish refuse, and waste materials are collected and disposed of daily. Uncrating of equipment or working materials is accomplished before taking the contents aboard ship. Protective coverings (e.g., tarpaulins) used to protect machinery and equipment are ei-ther noncombustible or fire-retardant-approved material.

3- Smoking Smoking is not permitted aboard any vessel. No Smoking signs are prominently post-ed. All shipyard personnel and contractors have been instructed on this requirement.


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4- Storage of Explosives, Flammable Material, and Dangerous Cargo

The shipyard does not allow for the storage of explosive, flammable, or combustible ma-terials, excepting ships fuel and standard ships stores in specifically designated spaces during repair.

Vessels carrying explosives or other dangerous cargo such as flammable gases, ha-zardous chemicals, and flammable liquids, excepting ships fuel and standard ships stores in specifically designated spaces, are not permitted to enter the shipyard until such materials have been removed.

5- Use of Open-Flame or Spark-Emitting Devices and Fire Watch The yard fire safety manager is responsible for ensuring that any hot work or other fire- or spark-producing operations are carried out with safety. A fire watch will be posted by the yard fire safety manager if during hot work the follow-ing can occur: (1) Slag, weld splatter, or sparks can cause a fire. (2) Fire-resistant guards or curtains are not used to prevent ignition of combustible materials on or near decks, bulkheads, partitions, or overheads. (3) Combustible material closer than 35 ft (10.7 m) to the hot work in either the horizontal or vertical direction cannot be removed, protected with flameproof covers, or otherwise shielded with metal or fire-resistant guards or curtains, so that the material is not ignited by the hot work. (4) On or near insulation, combustible coatings or sandwich type construction on either side cannot be shielded, cut back or removed, or the space inerted. (5) Combustible materials adjacent to the opposite sides of bulkheads, decks, over heads, metal partitions, or of sandwich-type construction can be ignited by conduction or radiation. (6) The hot work is close enough to cause ignition through heat radiation or conduction on the following:

(a) Insulated pipes, bulkheads, decks, partitions, or overheads (b) Combustible materials and/or coatings

(7) The hot work is close enough to unprotected combustible pipe or cable runs to cause ignition. (8) A person recognized by the authority having jurisdiction such as a Marine Chemist, a Coast Guardauthorized person, or a shipyard competent person requires that a fire watch be posted. Persons acting as the fire watch shall meet the following criteria: (1) Not be assigned other duties (2) Have a clear view of and immediate access to all areas included in the fire watch (3) Are able to communicate with workers exposed to hot work, if necessary. (4) Remain in the hot work area for at least 30 minutes after completion of the hot work, unless the fire safety manager surveys the exposed area and makes a determination that there is no further fire hazard (5) Are trained to detect fires that occur in areas exposed to the hot work (6) Attempt to extinguish any incipient-stage fires in the hot work area that are within the capability of available equipment and within the fire watchs training qualifications (7) Alert employees of any fire beyond the incipient stage


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(8) If unable to extinguish fire in the areas exposed to the hot work, activate the alarm to start the evacuation procedure in accordance with the fire prevention plan

6- Welding, Cutting, and Heating Apparatus

Welding, cutting, and heating apparatus shall be stored so as to prevent tampering by unauthorized persons. Oxygen, acetylene, and other flammable gas lines shall be disconnected at the source of supply at the end of each working shift, and the discharge end of the hose shall be re-moved from below decks or enclosed spaces. During meal periods or other extended non-work periods, lines are disconnected at the source of supply. Only oxygen, acetylene, and other flammable gas hoses in good repair are used. Where gases are supplied from portable cylinders, the portable cylinders are not placed below the main deck, in confined spaces, or under overhanging decks. Portable outlet headers from piped systems comply with the provisions of NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention during Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work.

7- Electric Welding Cables Electric welding cables shall be inspected frequently, and cables with damaged insula-tion are replaced. Cables are triced-up off steel decks, bulkheads, or wherever possible to reduce the pos-sibility of short-circuiting or grounding. Where cables run in areas of personnel traffic, protection is provided to prevent crushing of the cables. When not in use, electrodes are removed from holders and the holders placed so that they do not cause arcing or electrical short circuits.

8- Heating Heating for the personal comfort of employees or for curing of paint shall be done by means of hot air blowers ducted to the space. Use of wood kindling fuel shall not be permitted. Salamanders are not allowed.

9- Electrical Installations

Lighting: The vessels permanent lighting system shall be used when conditions permit. Electric current to the vessels lighting system shall be cut off when no work is being done, unless lights are required for inspection and safety purposes, in which case the vessels lighting system shall remain active.


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Temporary, portable electric lights are used in accordance with NFPA 70, National Elec-trical Code. Temporary Electrical Installations: Temporary electrical wiring and equipment are pro-tected from physical damage and are frequently inspected. Defects in wiring, fixtures, or equipment of a type likely to create hazardous conditions are promptly remedied. Circuits serving portable equipment are grounded and provided with overcurrent protec-tion and are disconnected when not in use. When temporary wiring and equipment is needed in hazardous locations, such wiring and equipment conforms to the provisions of Articles 500 through 503 of NFPA 70, Na-tional Electrical Code. Installation and Maintenance: Temporary electrical wiring is installed and maintained in a safe manner and is provided with overcurrent protection. Temporary wiring and lamps shall not be placed in direct contact with combustible mate-rials. Makeshift hangers, such as nails, which could damage wiring insulations, shall not be used. Where temporary wiring cables are run in areas of personnel, they are triced-up to pre-vent physical damage. Protective guards have been installed on all lights

10- Application of Paints and Other Flammable Compounds

No welding, burning, or other open-flame or spark producing ma-chines or operations, such as chipping, grinding, and so forth, are permitted in close proximity to the appli-cation of flammable paints or other flamm-able compounds. Ventilation shall be provided to maintain the atmosphere at no more than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit or below the lower limit of toxicity for that particular material, as determined by a certi-fied Marine Chemist.


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VI. Performance Calculations. Is Atmosphere Below 10 % of LEL

1- Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). At a concentration in air below the LEL there is not enough fuel to continue an ex-plosion. Concentrations lower than the LEL are "too lean" to explode but may still defla-grate. Methane gas has a LEL of 4.4% (at 138 degrees C) by volume, meaning 4.4% of the total volume of the air consists of methane. At 20 degrees C the LEL is 5.1 % by vo-lume. If the atmosphere has less than 5.1% methane, an explosion cannot occur even if a source of ignition is present. When methane (CH4) concentration reaches 5.1% an ex-plosion can occur if there is an ignition source. LEL concentrations vary greatly between combustible gases.

Below the explosive or flammable range the mixture is too lean to burn and above the upper explosive or flammable limit the mixture is too rich to burn. The limits are com-monly called the "Lower Explosive or Flammable Limit" (LEL/LFL) and the "Upper Explo-sive or Flammable Limit" (UEL/UFL).

2- Characteristic of Paint Utilized

The paints utilized at the Dania Cut Shipyard (see MSDS in appendix) have an LEL of 0.81 % in air and a flash point of 102 0F. The most plentiful solvent component in the paint, by weight, is propanoate at 25-50 % by weight. The paint also contains other sol-vents such as benzene (0.1 1 % by weight), ether acetate (10-25 % by weight), diiso-butylketone (1.0 to 10 % by weight

3- Calculation of Vapors Produced by a Gallon of Paint In accordance with NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, 2003 edition, the cu-bic feet of vapor produced by liquid containing solvents can be calculated by the follow-ing method: 9.2.6.2.3* Method for Calculating Solvent Safety Ventilation Rate. Determine the cubic feet of vapor per gallon of solvent using the following: (1) One gallon of water weighs 8.328 lb at 70F. . (2) Dry air at 70F and 29.9 in. Hg weighs 0.075 lb/ft3. (3) SpGr = specific gravity of solvent (water = 1.0). (4) VD = vapor density of solvent vapor (air = 1.0). (5) LELT = lower explosive limit expressed in percent by volume

The most abundant solvent in the paint is propanoate, at 25-50 % by weight. The worst possible condition would exist when 100 % of the paint is composed totally of propa-noate with the following characteristics: SpGr = 0.78 VD = 3.52


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(8.328/0.075) (0.78/3.52) = 24.61 ft3 of vapors for every gallon of paint

4- Capacity and Arrangement of Ventilation System

The booth enclosure is equipped with an exhaust system, by the stern of the ship, pro-vided with explosion-proof motors and a total exhaust capacity of 26,400 cfm. Make up air is by means of banks of 2-ft x 2-ft media filters mounted on metal frames at the bow, on both sides of the enclosure, to insure a laminar flow of air from front to back of the vessel.

5- Volume of Worst Case Enclosure

The Dania Cut Repair Facility handles yachts up to a length of 230 feet, or 250 enclosed (10-ft front, 10-ft back). With an enclosure beam of 50 feet and a height of 50 feet, the resulting enclosure volume would be equal to V = 250 x 50 x 50 = 625,000 ft3. 80 % of this volume is occupied by the yacht, so the volume to ventilate is 625,000 x 0.20 = 125,000 ft3.

6- Calculation of Ventilation Rate

Mechanical ventilation = 26,400 cfm Volume to ventilate = 125,000 ft3

125,000 ft3 / 26,400 ft3 / min = 4.73 min A/C or 12.68 A/C per hour.

7- Calculation of LEL under Worst Possible Conditions

According to shipyard records, up to 30 gallons of paint will be dispensed in a 4 hour pe-riod. That works out to 240 minutes / 30 gallons, or 8 minutes per gallon. In accordance with the calculations in point 3 above, 24.61 ft3 of vapors will be produced for every gallon of paint dispensed. Then, in one minute, 24.61 ft3 / 8 minutes = 3.08 ft3 of vapor will be released. The total volume is 125,000 ft3, or 100 % of the volume, and 3.08 ft3 of vapor would have a concentration of: 3.08 x 100 / 125,000 = 0.0024 % Since the ventilation rate is 26,400 cfm then 3.08 x 100 / 26,400 = 0.01 %. Conclusion: since the LEL required to sustain ignition is 0.81 %, the mixture is too lean and no combustion can occur.


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VII. Conclusion and Recommendations There are two elements required for combustion in an enclosure: a flammable vapor and a source of ignition. A hazard analysis has proven that sources of combustion are properly con-trolled. In addition, an LEL analysis has shown that the LEL in the enclosure can reach up to 0.0024 % by volume (when the required LEL for combustion is 0.81 %), and that constant venti-lation insures that this number does not rise above dangerous levels. Combustion is unlikely. Having determined that, to maintain that level of life safety the two factors involved, control of sources of ignition, and maintenance of the LEL 10 % below 0.81 % have to be observed all of the time. The shipyard has a fire safety manager who monitors safety conditions and all processes and who makes sure that sources of ignition are kept under control at all times. To maintain the LEL at a level lower than 10 % of the LEL required to sustain ignition, it is hereby proposed to utilize an RIK Instrumentation continuous monitoring assembly which is composed of a central controller, and two LEL detectors, one at the front of the enclosure, and one at the back, by the exhaust fans. The detectors would be attached to audiovisual notification devices (horn, strobe, and beacon). Should the monitoring apparatus indicate an LEL value greater than 10 % of the LEL paint value of 0.81 %, then the audiovisual devices would be activated and the painting would come to a stop.

THE FIRE PROTECTION INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM, INC. West Region Warde Comeaux 3600 Clayton Rd. Ste. E Concord, CA 94521 Ph: (925) 825.4643 Fax: (925) 691.4367 [email protected]

Central Region Gerald Schultz, P.E. 1202N 75th St. #279 Downers Grove, IL 60516 Ph: (630) 985.3106 Fax: (630) 985.3114 [email protected]

East Region Rick Galvez, P.E. 9702 SW 57th St. Cooper City, FL 33328 Ph: (305) 915-0488 Fax: (866) 520-7838 [email protected]


PROPOSED ALTERNATE METHOD OF COMPLIANCE

DANIA CUT SUPER YACHT REPAIR FACILITY DANIA, FLORIDA

Prepared for:

Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair Facility

Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair

[email protected] 760 NE 7th Avenue

Dania Beach, Florida 33004 (954) 923-9545 tel

September 16, 2011

Prepared by:

_________________________ Rick Galvez, P.E.

Senior Engineer

Reviewed by:

___________________________

Jerry Schultz, P.E. Principal

bbenedettiText Box ATTACHMENT No. A5d

Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair - - September 16, 2011 Dania, Florida FPI Project No. 11-4044


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TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction _______________________________________________________________ 1

II. Code Requirements _________________________________________________________ 1

III. Facility and Operation Description _____________________________________________ 1

IV. Means of Egress ________________________________________________________ 4

V. Hazard Analysis ________________________________________________________ 4

1- Inspection _____________________________________________________________ 4

2- Enclosure Materials ______________________________________________________ 4

3- Grounding _____________________________________________________________ 4

4- Water Supply ___________________________________________________________ 4

5- Personnel Not Allowed on Board during Painting _______________________________ 4

6- Separation from Other Occupancies _________________________________________ 5

7- Rubbish, Waste Materials, Oil Spills, and General Care. _________________________ 5

8- Smoking ______________________________________________________________ 5

9- Power Tools ___________________________________________________________ 5

10- Storage of Explosives, Flammable Material, and Dangerous Cargo _______________ 5

11- Use of Open-Flame or Spark-Emitting Devices and Fire Watch __________________ 5

12- Welding, Cutting, and Heating Apparatus ___________________________________ 6

13- Electric Welding Cables _________________________________________________ 7

14- Heating _____________________________________________________________ 7

15- Electrical Installations __________________________________________________ 7

16- Application of Paints and Other Flammable Compounds _______________________ 7

VI. Performance Calculations. Atmosphere Below 10 % of LEL ______________________ 8

1- Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) _______________________________________________ 8

2- Characteristic of Paints Utilized ____________________________________________ 8

3- Calculation of Vapors Produced by a Gallon of Paint ____________________________ 8

4- Capacity and Arrangement of Ventilation System _______________________________ 9

5- Volume of Worst Case Enclosure ___________________________________________ 9

6- Calculation of Ventilation Rate _____________________________________________ 9

7- Calculation of LEL under Worst Possible Conditions ____________________________ 9

VII. Consequence Analysis Exposure Fire _______________________________________ 10

Effect of Fire on adjacent Yachts NRC Point Source Radiation Model ________________ 10

Fire Size _________________________________________________________________ 13

Maximum Heat Flux The Need for Barriers _____________________________________ 13


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VIII. Conclusion The Issue ___________________________________________________ 13

IX. Alternate Proposal Equivalencies NFPA 1, Par. 1.4.6.1 _________________________ 14

Part 1 Procedures Manual __________________________________________________ 14

Part 2 Continuous Monitoring of LEL _________________________________________ 14

Part 3 Continuous Monitoring of Ventilation System ______________________________ 15

Part 4 Automatic Interruption of Air Supply to Spray Guns _________________________ 15

APPENDIX Attachment A Paint MSDS Attachment B Flame-Retardant Polyethylene film MSDS and test data Attachment C LEL Monitoring Forms Attachment D Responsible Person Checklist



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I. Introduction The Fire Protection International Consortium (FPI) has been retained by the Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair Facility to perform a fire hazard risk analysis of their shipyard located in the City of Dania. The intent of this analysis is to analyze the operation, identify areas of concern in the field of life safety and fire protection, and to propose performance solutions for consideration by the AHJ. This analysis is focused on the protection of yachts undergoing painting in outside membrane enclosures made out of flame retardant materials and scaffolding frames, in and out of water. II. Code Requirements This analysis has been prepared in accordance with the 2007 edition of the Florida Fire preven-tion Code (FFPC), specifically the provisions of FFPC NFPA 1, par. 1.4.6.1 Equivalencies. NFPA-312, Standard for Fire Protection of Vessels During Construction, Conversion, Repair, and Lay-Up, 2011 Edition provided the framework for the report. Additional guidance was ob-tained from the following NFPA standards:

1- NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2002 edition. 2- NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire

Protection Systems, 2002 edition. 3- NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustibles Liquid Code, 2003 edition

NFPA 33, Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials, 2003 Edition

4- NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work, 2003 edition.

5- NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2005 edition. 6- NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, 2003 edition 7- NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2006 edition 8- NFPA 306, Standard for the Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels, 2009 edition. 9- NFPA 307, Standard for the Construction and Fire Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers,

and Wharves, 2006 edition. 10- NFPA 312, Standard for Fire Protection of Vessels During Construction, Conversion,

Repair, and Lay-Up, 2006 edition. III. Facility and Operation Description The Dania Cut Super Yacht Repair Facility services yachts that vary in size from 140 up to 230 feet in length. Most of the work in this shipyard consists of painting the exterior with coatings that will withstand harsh environments. The interior of the vessels are not painted. The interior is sealed off during the paint operations utilizing NFPA 701 approved materials. The paints are Urethane types that are sprayed on to the vessel. The occupancy is classified by NFPA 101 as Industrial, and there are no other occupancies present on the property. The whole property is owned by one entity.


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Painting takes place with yachts in the water, or on dry land. Be-cause of the varying sizes of the boats it is sometimes necessary to paint the boats in the space where they dock, on water, and in that case, a floating boom is placed all around the yacht to prevent contamination of the surrounding water by the paint utilized, and painting takes place up to the water line. The fire safety manager insures that all environmental regulations are complied with. A membrane enclosure is as-sembled around the boat, either on the water, or on dry land. The enclosure is constructed of metal scaffolding, treated wood planks, and wrapped in flame-retardant polyethylene film. Membrane assemblies are separated from each other by at least 20 feet. The fire safety manager supervises all scaffolding operations to insure compliance with OSHA 1926 Subpart L, Scaffolds. The enclosure is air-conditioned and equipped with an exhaust system, provided with explosion-proof motors and with a minimal exhaust capacity required to maintain safe LEL levels. Make up air is by means of banks of 2-ft x 2-ft media filters mounted on metal frames at the bow on both sides of the enclosure to insure a laminar flow of air from front to back of the vessel. Once the painting operations are complete the membrane enclosure is dismantled and the flame-retardant film is recycled. The film is not reused. Yachts are prepared for a period of up to 4 months, and then paint is applied over a period of be-tween one and 12 days, depend-ing on the size of the yacht. During the preparation phase, blisters are sanded down to bare metal and primed with a high build base, and old paint is re-moved. The amounts of high build base utilized are small, in the range of up to one pound at the time. The spray operations are carried out by outside professional pain-


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ter contractors. There are two to four painters working on a boat at any one time. Each painter uses a High Volume, Low Pressure (HVLP) spray gun that is connected to a one-gallon pot. The pots are air pumped and are arranged with manual shut off valves to stop operations in an emergency. The boat is grounded to prevent static buildup. The flash point of the paint is 102F with a lower explosive limit of 0.81 and an upper explosive limit of 15. The paint is delivered to the site the day the painting occurs. The maximum amount of paint applied in a 4 hour period is 30 gallons. The paint, thinners and catalyst are stored in a U. L. Listed flammable liquids locker. The locker and mixing station are located at least 20 feet away from the enclosure. The paint and catalyst are mixed in 10 gallon batches and the rest of the ma-terial is kept in a listed flammable liquids container. The paint is time sensitive and has a pot life and can only be mixed in small batches that must be used quickly. All materials used are kept in safety cans. All rags and waste are stored in approved containers and are removed daily by the contractor. The vessel is checked with hand-held explosion meters to confirm that the area is safe before work is begun. No operations will be done on the vessel if the readings are within 10 percent of the lower explosive limit. 20-pound dry chemical fire extinguishers are located every 30 ft inside the enclosure. This al-lows for the manual extinguishment of a fire. Shore hydrants with hose connections are pro-vided for use by the fire department. In addition, a fire watch provided with a radio and/or telephone is present during set up for spraying, spray operations, clean up and venting of the enclosure. The painters wear protective equipment and breathing apparatus. Each paint team is composed of three members: spray man, hose man, and safety per-son (competent man). Every day, personnel will inspect the vessel and properly trained personnel will use hand-held LEL meter to meas-ure readings inside the enclosure. If the readings are within 10 percent of the LEL work will not resume on the vessel or within 20 feet of the enclosure. Following painting of the vessel the con-tractor removes waste materials from the site.


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IV. Means of Egress The enclosure has been provided with proper exiting. Each exit has been clearly marked. The allowable travel distance for an Industrial Occupancy, unsprinklered, is 300 feet. The biggest vessel to be serviced in this marina would be 230 feet long, with a 50 feet beam. Allowable travel distances are not exceeded. All areas of the enclo-sure have an exit within line of sight. V. Hazard Analysis

1- Inspection

General fire safety inspections are made by the fire safety manager representing the shipyard during the entire repair period to note and initiate actions to eliminate fire ha-zards or to implement work procedures to eliminate these hazards. An inspection of a vessel is made by the fire safety manager representing the shipyard to evaluate potential fire hazards after the vessel enters the repair yard and before any work is started.

2- Enclosure Materials

The yacht to be painted is en-closed by a scaffold frame cov-ered in flame-retardant polye-thylene certified to NFPA 701. The flame-retardant film meets NFPA 701 specifications.

3- Grounding

The boat, as well as the scaf-fold and enclosure, is grounded to prevent the buildup of static electricity.

4- Water Supply Shore hydrants with hose connections are provided for use by the fire department to reach all around a yacht. There are Fire hydrants on the street and the supply is reliable.

5- Personnel Not Allowed on Board during Painting During painting operations, no personnel other than paint or safety personnel are al-lowed on board the vessel.


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6- Separation from Other Occupancies There are no assembly, educational, institutional, or residential occupancies in the shi-pyard. The only occupancy allowed is industrial.

7- Rubbish, Waste Materials, Oil Spills, and General Care. Work areas are kept clean. All accumulations and particularly combustible rubbish refuse, and waste materials are collected and disposed of daily. Fire safety manager in-sures that there is no excessive accumulation of waste materials at any time. Uncrating of equipment or working materials is accomplished before taking the contents aboard ship. Protective coverings (e.g., tarpaulins) used to protect machinery and equipment is either noncombustible or fire-retardant-approved material.

8- Smoking Smoking is not permitted aboard any vessel. No Smoking signs are prominently posted inside and outside the enclosure. All shipyard personnel and contractors have been in-structed on this requirement. No smoking is allowed inside the enclosure at any time, or 20-ft anywhere around the vessel.

9- Power Tools Power tools are air-driven. No electric tools are allowed during painting operations.

10- Storage of Explosives, Flammable Material, and Dangerous Cargo

The shipyard does not allow for the storage of explosive, flammable, or combustible ma-terials, excepting ships fuel and standard ships stores in specifically designated spaces during repair.

Vessels carrying explosives or other dangerous cargo such as flammable gases, ha-zardous chemicals, and flammable liquids, excepting ships fuel and standard ships stores in specifically designated spaces, are not permitted to enter the shipyard until such materials have been removed.

11- Use of Open-Flame or Spark-Emitting Devices and Fire Watch The yard fire safety manager is responsible for ensuring that any hot work or other fire- or spark-producing operations are carried out with safety. No welding, burning, or other open-flame or spark producing machines or operations, such as chipping, grinding, and so forth, are permitted in close proximity to the application of flammable paints or other flammable compounds in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 51B -. Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work, 2003 edition. Fire-resistant guards or curtains are used to prevent ignition of combustible materials on or near decks, bulkheads, partitions, or overheads. A fire watch is posted by the yard fire safety manager during hot work in accordance with hot work procedures in place.


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(1) Slag, weld splatter, or sparks can cause a fire. (2) Combustible material closer than 35 ft (10.7 m) to the hot work in either the horizontal or vertical direction cannot be removed, protected with flameproof covers, or otherwise shielded with metal or fire-resistant guards or curtains, so that the material is not ignited by the hot work. (3) On or near insulation, combustible coatings or sandwich type construction on either side cannot be shielded, cut back or removed, or the space inerted. (4) Combustible materials adjacent to the opposite sides of bulkheads, decks, over heads, metal partitions, or of sandwich-type construction can be ignited by conduction or radiation. (5) The hot work is close enough to cause ignition through heat radiation or conduction on the following:

(a) Insulated pipes, bulkheads, decks, partitions, or overheads (b) Combustible materials and/or coatings

(6) The hot work is close enough to unprotected combustible pipe or cable runs to cause ignition. (7) A person recognized by the authority having jurisdiction such as a Marine Chemist, a Coast Guardauthorized person, or a shipyard competent person requires that a fire watch be posted. Persons acting as the fire watch meet the following criteria and are certified as compe-tent persons in accordance with OSHA 1919.35 and NFPA 51B. (1) Are not assigned other duties (2) Have a clear view of and immediate access to all areas included in the fire watch (3) Are able to communicate with workers exposed to hot work. (4) Remain in the hot work area for at least 30 minutes after completion of the hot work. (5) Are trained to detect fires that occur in areas exposed to the hot work (6) Attempt to extinguish any incipient-stage fires in the hot work area that are within the capability of available equipment and within the fire watchs training qualifications (7) Alert employees of any fire beyond the incipient stage (8) If unable to extinguish fire in the areas exposed to the hot work, activate the alarm to start the evacuation procedure in accordance with the fire prevention plan

12- Welding, Cutting, and Heating Apparatus

Welding, cutting, and heating apparatus are stored so as to prevent tampering by unau-thorized persons. Oxygen, acetylene, and other flammable gas lines are disconnected at the source of supply at the end of each working shift, and the discharge end of the hose is removed from below decks or enclosed spaces. During meal periods or other extended non-work periods, lines are disconnected at the source of supply. Only oxygen, acetylene, and other flammable gas hoses in good repair are used.


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Where gases are supplied from portable cylinders, the portable cylinders are not placed below the main deck, in confined spaces, or under overhanging decks. Portable outlet headers from piped systems comply with the provisions of NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention during Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work.

13- Electric Welding Cables Electric welding cables are inspected frequently, and cables with damaged insulation are replaced. Where cables run in areas of personnel traffic, protection is provided to prevent crushing of the cables. When not in use, electrodes are removed from holders and the holders placed so that they do not cause arcing or electrical short circuits.

14- Heating Heating for the personal comfort of employees or for curing of paint is done only by means of hot air blowers ducted to the space. Blowers feature explosion proof motors.

15- Electrical Installations

All paint operations are carried out only during daylight hours. All power tools utilized during painting operations are air-driven. Temporary electrical lights are not utilized.

16- Application of Paints and Other Flammable Compounds

No welding, burning, or other open-flame or spark producing ma-chines or operations, such as chipping, grinding, and so forth, are permitted in close proximity to the appli-cation of flammable paints or other flamm-able compounds, nor during painting opera-tions. Ventilation is provided at all times to maintain the atmosphere at no more than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit or below the lower limit of toxicity of the paints utilized.


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VI. Performance Calculations. Atmosphere Below 10 % of LEL

1- Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). At a concentration in air below the LEL there is not enough fuel to continue an ex-plosion. Concentrations lower than the LEL are "too lean" to explode but may still defla-grate. Methane gas has a LEL of 4.4% (at 138 degrees C) by volume, meaning 4.4% of the total volume of the air consists of methane. At 20 degrees C the LEL is 5.1 % by vo-lume. If the atmosphere has less than 5.1% methane, an explosion cannot occur even if a source of ignition is present. When methane (CH4) concentration reaches 5.1% an ex-plosion can occur if there is an ignition source. LEL concentrations vary greatly between combustible gases.

Below the explosive or flammable range the mixture is too lean to burn and above the upper explosive or flammable limit the mixture is too rich to burn. The limits are com-monly called the "Lower Explosive or Flammable Limit" (LEL/LFL) and the "Upper Explo-sive or Flammable Limit" (UEL/UFL).

2- Characteristic of Paints Utilized

The paints utilized at the Dania Cut Shipyard (see MSDS in appendix) have an LEL of 0.81 % in air and a flash point of 102 0F. All paints utilized have the same composition and the only thing to change with color is the pigment utilized. MSDS documentation for white, gray, blue, red and green paints is included in the appendix. The most plentiful solvent component in the paints, by weight, is propanoate at 25-50 % by weight. The paint also contains other solvents such as benzene (0.1 1 % by weight), ether acetate (10-25 % by weight), diisobutylketone (1.0 to 10 % by weight, binders and pigments.

3- Calculation of Vapors Produced by a Gallon of Paint In accordance with NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, 2003 edition, the cu-bic feet of vapor produced by liquid containing solvents can be calculated by the follow-ing method: 9.2.6.2.3* Method for Calculating Solvent Safety Ventilation Rate. Determine the cubic feet of vapor per gallon of solvent using the following: (1) One gallon of water weighs 8.328 lb at 70F. . (2) Dry air at 70F and 29.9 in. Hg weighs 0.075 lb/ft3. (3) SpGr = specific gravity of solvent (water = 1.0). (4) VD = vapor density of solvent vapor (air = 1.0). (5) LELT = lower explosive limit expressed in percent by volume


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The most common solvent in the paint is propanoate, at 25-50 % by weight. The worst possible condition would exist when 100 % of the paint is composed totally of propa-noate with the following characteristics: SpGr = 0.78 VD = 3.52 (8.328/0.075) (0.78/3.52) = 24.61 ft3 of vapors for every gallon of paint

4- Capacity and Arrangement of Ventilation System

The membrane enclosure is equipped with an exhaust system, by the stern of the ship, provided with explosion-proof motors and a total exhaust capacity of 26,400 cfm. Make up air is by means of banks of 2-ft x 2-ft media filters mounted on metal frames at the bow, on both sides of the enclosure, to insure a laminar flow of air from front to back of the vessel.

5- Volume of Worst Case Enclosure

The Dania Cut Repair Facility handles yachts up to a length of 230 feet, or 250 enclosed (10-ft front, 10-ft back). With an enclosure beam of 50 feet and a height of 50 feet, the resulting enclosure volume would be equal to V = 250 x 50 x 50 = 625,000 ft3. 80 % of this volume is occupied by the yacht, so the volume to ventilate is 625,000 x 0.20 = 125,000 ft3.

6- Calculation of Ventilation Rate

Mechanical ventilation = 26,400 cfm Volume to ventilate = 125,000 ft3

125,000 ft3 / 26,400 ft3 / min = 4.73 min A/C or 12.68 A/C per hour.

7- Calculation of LEL under Worst Possible Conditions

According to shipyard records, up to 30 gallons of paint will be dispensed in a 4 hour pe-riod. That works out to 240 minutes / 30 gallons, or 8 minutes per gallon. In accordance with the calculations in point 3 above, 24.61 ft3 of vapors will be produced for every gallon of paint dispensed. Then, in one minute, 24.61 ft3 / 8 minutes = 3.08 ft3 of vapor will be released. The ventilation rate is 26,400 cfm and the fans remove vapors on a constant basis so that the LEL is not reached. The total volume of the enclosure is 125,000 ft3, or 100 % of the volume, and 3.08 ft3 of vapor would have a concentration of: 3.08 x 100 / 125,000 = 0.0024 %. Conclusion: since the LEL required to sustain ignition is 0.81 %, the mixture is too lean and no combustion can occur provided continuous ventilation is maintained.


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VII. Consequence Analysis Exposure Fire What would happen if the ventilation system were to stop operating for a period of at least 15 minutes AND the painters did not notice and continued to paint, AND the alarm and detection systems did not operate, AND somebody lit up a cigarette and this caused a fire. The approach requires the calculation of the weight of propane in the air inside the enclosure after the ventilation system has stopped working for 15 minutes. This scenario requires four failures in series. One cubic foot of propane weighs 0.1162 lbs. According to shipyard records, up to 30 gallons of paint will be dispensed in a 4 hour period. That works out to 240 minutes / 30 gallons, or 8 minutes per gallon. In accordance with the calculations in Section VI, part 3, 24.61 ft3 of vapors will be produced for every gallon of paint dispensed. Then, in one minute, 24.61 ft3 / 8 minutes = 3.08 ft3 of vapor will be released, and in 15 minutes, 15 x 3.08 ft3 = 46.20 ft3 of propane va-pors will be released into the enclosure Before the analysis is conducted, the following question must be answered: is a deflagration possible with 46.203 ft3 of propane vapors in the enclosure. The volume of the enclosure is 125,000 ft2. LEL = 100 x 46.20 / 125,000 = 0.04 % Conclusion: 0.04 % represents roughly 5 % of the LEL required to sustain ignition, 0.81 %. Since the LEL required to sustain ignition is 0.81 %, even after 15 minutes of failure of the venti-lation system, ignition is unlikely. Effect of Fire on adjacent Yachts NRC Point Source Radiation Model The calculation above shows that ignition is unlikely, as the LEL required to sustain ignition is not reached, even after failure of the ventilation system to operate for 15 minutes, and malfunc-tion of the detection, and fire alarm systems. Nevertheless, a consequence analysis will be conducted to establish the effects of a fully involved fire in one yacht on adjacent yachts. A fire will be modeled utilizing the Point Source Radiation Model spreadsheet published by the Nuc-lear Regulatory Commission. The choice of the design-basis fire is one of the most critical steps of this process. It should cor-relate to the most unfavorable, plausible fuel load present in the space where the fire is being modeled. It should take into account the amounts and characteristics of the combustible mate-rials present, as well as their spatial arrangement and continuity. The most unfavorable scenario to account for a fully developed fire in a yacht with exposure to other surrounding vessels would be a fully developed gasoline pool fire with a footprint of 80 ft2. This would simulate a fire with a diameter of 10 feet, which correlates to a beam dimension of 25 feet, or a walkway of 7.5 feet on each side of the yacht. The other factor that is critical in this process is to establish clearly the separation distance be-tween yachts. This distance, as measured in the field, is 20 feet from hull to hull amidships. The model utilizes the distance R from the virtual center of the fire to the target (see figure be-low). For conservative purposes, this distance will be taken as 15 feet.


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It must be stated that the flame retardant polyethylene wrap utilized to create the painting en-closure meets the requirements of NFPA 701 - Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Prop-agation of Textiles and Films and it does not support ignition. Therefore, the enclosure to enclo-sure separation does not define the critical distance for reception of radiant energy. This dis-tance is the separation between hulls, as this simulation seeks to establish if the largest possi-ble fully developed fire in one yacht would cause enough radiant energy to impinge upon the hull of an adjoining vessel to the point where the piloted ignition of cellulosic material would be possible.

SFPE Handbook, 3rd edition, page 3-274

CHAPTER 5. ESTIMATING RADIANT HEAT FLUX FROM FIRE TO A TARGETFUEL AT GROUND LEVEL UNDER WIND-FREE CONDITION POINT SOURCE RADIATION MODELVersion 1805.0The following calculations estimate the radiative heat flux from a pool fire to a target fuel.The purpose of this calculation is to estimate the radiation transmitted from a burning fuel array to a targetfuel positioned some distance from the fire at ground level to determine if secondary ignitions are likely with no wind.Parameters in YELLOW CELLS are Entered by the User.Parameters in GREEN CELLS are Automatically Selected from the DROP DOWN MENU for the Fuel Selected.All subsequent output values are calculated by the spreadsheet and based on values specified in the inputparameters. This spreadsheet is protected and secure to avoid errors due to a wrong entry in a cell(s).The chapter in the NUREG should be read before an analysis is made.

INPUT PARAMETERS

Mass Burning Rate of Fuel (m") 0.055 kg/m2-secEffective Heat of Combustion of Fuel ( Hc,ef f ) FALSE 43700 kJ/kgEmpirical Constant (k ) 2.1 m-1

Heat Release Rate (Q) 17835.44 kWFuel Area or Dike Area (Adike) 80.00 ft2 7.43 m2

Distance between Fire and Target (L) 15.00 ft 4.572 mRadiative Fraction r) 0.30

OPTIONAL CALCULATION FOR GIVEN HEAT RELEASE RATESelect "User Specified Value" from Fuel Type Menu and Enter Your HRR here ? kW

Calculate


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THERMAL PROPERTIES DATA BURNING RATE DATA FOR FUELS

Mass Burning RateEmpirical Constant Select Fuel Type

m" (kg/m2-sec) k m

Methanol 0.017 100 Scroll to desired fuel type then Ethanol 0.015 100 Click on selectionButane 0.078 2.7Benzene 0.085 2.7Hexane 0.074 1.9Heptane 0.101 1.1Xylene 0.09 1.4Acetone 0.041 1.9Dioxane 0.018 5.4Diethy Ether 0.085 0.7Benzine 0.048 3.6Gasoline 0.055 2.1Kerosine 0.039 3.5Diesel 0.045 2.1JP-4 0.051 3.6JP-5 0.054 1.6Transformer Oil, Hydrocarbon 0.039 0.7561 Silicon Transformer Fluid 0.005 28,100 100Fuel Oil, Heavy 0.035 1.7Crude Oil 0.0335 2.8Lube Oil 0.039 0.7Douglas Fir Plywood 0.01082 10,900 100User Specified Value Enter Value Enter ValueReference: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering , 3rd Edition, 2002, Page 3-26.

26,80045,70040,10044,700

Fuel Heat of Combustion

Hc,ef f (kJ/kg)

20,000

34,20044,70043,70043,200

44,60040,80025,80026,200

44,400

42,60046,000

Enter Value

43,50043,00046,000

39,700

Gasoline

ESTIMATING RADIATIVE HEAT FLUX TO A TARGET FUEL

Reference: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering , 3rd Edition, 2002, Page 3-272.

POINT SOURCE RADIATION MODELq" = Q r / 4 R2

Where q" = incident radiative heat flux on the target (kW/m2)Q = pool fire heat release rate (kW)

r = radiative fractionR = distance from center of the pool fire to edge of the target (m)

Pool Fire Diameter CalculationAdike = D2/4D = ?(4Adike/ )Where Adike = surface area of pool fire (m2)

D = pool fire diamter (m) D = 3.08 m Heat Release Rate CalculationQ = m" Hc,ef f (1 - e-k D) AfWhere Q = pool fire heat release rate (kW)

m" = mass burning rate of fuel per unit surface area (kg/m2-sec)Hc = effective heat of combustion of fuel (kJ/kg)

Af = surface area of pool fire (area involved in vaporization) (m2)k = empirical constant (m-1)D

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON FINISHING PROCESSES

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