A 36

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

... should be selected relative to the entering angle and accessibility require-ments of the tool. The largest possible point angle should be applied to give insert strength and reliability. But this has to be weighed against the variation of cuts needed to be taken. Here, the versatility of the tool, through the degree of tool access, is determined by the size of the point angle (compare a square in-sert to a 35-degree point angle insert.)

A large point angle is strong but needs more machine power and has a higher tendency to vibrate due to having a large cutting edge engaged in cut. The small point angle is weaker and has a smal-ler cutting edge engagement, which can make it more sensitive to the effects of heat. Each insert shape has a set maxi-mum effective cutting edge length which influences the depth of cut possible.

The 80-degree point angle, rhombic-shaped insert is frequently used as it is an effective compromise and suitable for many operations.

Scale 1 indicates that as regards cutting edge strength (S), the larger the point angle to the left, the higher the strength. While as regards versatility and accessibility (A), the inserts to the right are superior.Scale 2 indicates that the vibration tendency (V) rises to the left while power (P) requirement is lower to the right.

W D C

R S C T D

1

2

AS++

PV–+

Insert shape ...

A 37

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

External machining

VWTSRDC

●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●● ● ● ●

●● ●

Insert shape depending on operation

80° 55° – 90° 60° 80° 35° 55°

Internal machining

VWTSRDC

● ● ● ● ●● ●

●● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ●

80° 55° – 90° 60° 80° 35°

●● = Recommended insert shape ● = Alternative insert shape

A 38

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Insert shapes and sizes

CNMG-WF

12

CNMG-WM

12–16

CNMM-WR

12–19

CNGA WG

12

CNGQ WG

12

CNGA AWG CNGA AWH

09–12

DNMX-WF

11–15

DNMX-WM

11–15

TNMX-WF

16

TNMX-WM

16

TNMX-WR

22

WNMG-WF

06–08

WNMG-WM

06–08

WNGA WG

08

WNGA AWG WNGA AWH

06–08

CCMT-WF

06–09

CCMT-WM

09–12

DCMX-WF

07–11

DCMX-WM

11

TCMX-WF

09–16

TCGX-WK

06–11

TCMX-WM

11–16

CNMG

09–25

CNGP

12

CNMM

12 – 25

CNMA

12–19

SNMG

09–25

SNMM

12 – 25

SNMA

09–25

TNMG

11–33

TNMG R/L-K

16

TNMM

16–27

TNMA

16–27

VNMG

16

VNGP

16

WNMA

06–08

KNMX

16

KNUX

16

CCMT

06–12

CCGT

06–12

CCMW

06–09

DCMT

07–11

DCGT

07–11

DCMW

11

DNMG

11–15

DNGP

15

DNMG R/L-K

15

DNMM

15

DNMA

15

RCMX

10–32

RNMG

09–25

WNMG

06–08

WNMM

08

RCMT

05–32

SCMT

09–12

SCMW

09–12

TCMT

06–22

TCGT

06–11

TCMW

11–16

VBMT

11–16

VCEX

11

VBGT

16

VCGT

11

VBMW

16

CPMT

06

DPMT

07–11

TPMT

06–16

VCMT

11

WPMT

02–04

SPMR

09–12

TCGR

06

TPMR

11–22

SPGN/SPUN

09–19

TPGN/TPUN

11–22

Wiper inserts for high feed machining

General turning

General turning ISO inserts

A 39

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

TPGN

11–16

CNGA

09–12

CNMA

12

DNGA

11

DNMA

15

RNGA

09

RNGN

12

SNGA

09–12

SNMA

12

SNGN

12

TNGA

11–16

TNMA

16–22

TNGN

22

WNGA

06–08

DCMW

11

TCMW

09–11

VBMW

16

RPGN

09

RCGX/RPGX

06–25

SPGN

12

WNGA

08

TNGA

16–22

TNGN

11–22

CCMW

06–09

DCMW

11

TCMW

09–16

TCMW

16

VCMW

11–16

SPUN

09–12

TPUN

11–16

TPUN

16

CCGX

06–12

DCGX

07–11

RCGX

06–10

SCGX

09

TCGX

06–16

VCGX

11–22

CNGA

12–19

CNGN

12–16

DNGA

15

CNGQ

12–16

DNGQ

15

DNGN

15

RNGA

12

RNGN

09–25

SNGA

12

SNGQ

12

SNGN

09–19

General turning

Aluminium machining

Ceramics

Cubic boron nitride (CBN)

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD)

A 40

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

... according to shape and cutting edge length, should be related to the type of application involved. The maximum depth of cut required should certainly help to establish the insert size once the shape has been determined. (The depth of cut influences the metal removal rate, number of cuts necessary, chipbreaking and the power requirement.) Establish the effective cutting edge length (la) along with the shape of the insert, the entering angle (κr) of the tool holder and the depth of cut. The minimum neces-sary effective cutting edge length can be determined from the table relating the depth of cut (ap) to the entering angle (κr). For extra reliability in more demand-ing operations, a larger, thicker insert should be considered for a higher degree of reliability.

When machining against a shoulder, the depth of cut can experience dramatic in-creases – measures here should include a stronger insert or an additional facing cut to minimize the risk to the insert security.

Also, generally, if the effective cutting edge length is less than the depth of cut, a larger insert should be selected or the depth of cut reduced.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15

90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 105 75 1.5 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.2 6.2 7.3 8.3 9.3 11 16 120 60 1.2 2.3 3.5 4.7 5.8 7 8.2 9.3 11 12 18 135 45 1.4 2.9 4.3 5.7 7.1 8.5 10 12 13 15 22 150 30 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 30 165 15 4 8 12 16 20 24 27 31 35 39 58

κr(ap) mm

(la) mm

la = 0.4 x d la = 2/3 x l

la = 2/3 x l la = 1/2 x l

la = 1/2 x l la = 1/2 x l

la = 1/4 x l la = 1/4 x l

The recommended maximum values in the table are intended to provide machining reliability for continuous roughing cuts. Deeper cuts can be taken for a shorter period (l) is the insert cutting edge length.

R S

C T

D

VW

K

Insert size ...

κr

ap

la

l

A 41

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Operations at light depths of cut (d.o.c.) and low feeds

Medium to light roughing operations. Wide range of d.o.c. and feed rate combinations.

Finishing: f = 0.1 - 0.3 mm/r ap = 0.5 - 2.0 mm

Medium: f = 0.2 - 0.5 mm/r ap = 1.5 - 5.0 mm

Finishing (F) Medium (M)

Selecting the insert size – according to chipbreaking areas

Operations for maximum stock removal and/or severe conditions. High d.o.c. and feed rate combinations.

Roughing: f = 0.5 - 1.5 mm/r ap = 5 - 15 mm

Roughing (R)

FM

R

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

06

09

12

16

19

25

06

11

15

09

12

15

19

25

31

38

11

16

22

27

33

111622

06

08

C

R

S

T

V

W

D

K16

06

08

10

12

15

16

19

20

25

32

Rombic 80°

Insert shape

Insert size

Type of application

Maximum cutting depth ap, mm

Rombic 55°

Round

Square

Triangular

Rombic 35°

Trigon 80°

KNUX/KNMX 55°

General cutting depth recomendations for insert shapes according to chipbreaking for different geometries.

A 42

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Providing an insert with a nose radius af-fects its strength and its ability to gener-ate a surface finish. An excessive nose radius may lead to vibration tendencies and reduce the chipbreaking ability in fin-ishing operations. When the depth of cut is very small, the nose radius acts as a variable entering angle. Inserts are avail-able in different nose radii to provide a suitable option for the application. The radii are generally within the range from 0.2 to 2.4 mm.

For rough turning, select the largest nose radii availble for the insert so as to pro-vide machining security and high metal removal rate through a high feed rate. If vibration tendencies occur, select a small-er nose radius. In roughing operations, it is essential that the maximum feed rec-ommendations for the nose radius in question is not exceeded. A rule of thumb for rough turning says that the feed se-lected should be in the region of half the nose radius value. For example, if an in-sert with a nose radius of 0.8 mm is cho-sen, the feed should be 0.4 mm/rev.

The chart for maximum feed in relation to the nose radius is based on the maxi-mum recommended feed of 2/3 of the nose radius. The higher feed rates apply for inserts having a strong cutting edge with at least a 60 degree point angle, are single sided, are used with a smaller en-tering angle than 90 degrees and are used in materials with good machinabili-ty with moderate cutting speeds.

For finishing operations, the Wiper in-serts should always be a consideration as these provide a solution which does not follow the conventional relationship between feed rate, nose radius and ge-nerated surface finish. These allow the feed to be doubled while maintaing the same surface finish value or improve the surface finish value considerably at the present feed rate, as well as improving the chipbreaking capability.

Guide for maximum feed for various nose radii

For finishing, see Wiper inserts. For roughing, the most useful radii are 1.2 — 1.6 mm.

0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.4

0.25–0.35 0.4–0.7 0.5–1.0 0.7–1.3 1.0–1.8

Nose radius (rε) mm

Max recommendedfeed (fn) mm/r

Insert nose radius

A small conventional nose radius and a larger Wiper nose radius.

The effect of feed rate on surface finish.

A 43

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

T-MAX P Wiper insertsDNMXAre optimised for toolholders with 93° entering angle. Can also be applied in toolholders that have entering angle in the range of 92°–94°.

TNMXWorks with toolholders that have entering angle in the range of 91°–93°.The DNMX/TNMX Wiper insert has a corner configuration that de-viates from a conventional DNMG/TNMG insert, which means that on some operations it has an effect on workpiece dimensions.

There is no Wiper-effect when making chamfers with Wiper C- and W-style inserts.Negative basic shaped P-style inserts with a 100-degree corner have been provided with Wiper-effect.Thanks to increased feed rate the chipbreaking is normally im-proved with Wiper inserts.

The ceramic and CBN Wiper inserts have had their cutting ed-ges prepared for their particular application ranges: the cera-mic inserts have edge preparations type T01020 and T02520, and CBN inserts have T01020.

Nominal nose radius

Nominal nose radius after tool offset

Wiper nose

CoroTurn 107 Wiper insertsDCMXAre optimised for toolholders with 93° entering angle. Can also be applied in toolholders that have entering angle in the range of 92°–94°.

TCMXWorks with toolholders that have entering angle in the range of 91°–93°.The DCMX/TCMX Wiper insert has a corner config-uration that deviates from a conventional DCMT/TCMT insert, which means that on some opera-tions it has an effect on workpiece dimensions.

Deviation from nominal nose radius

x z m1 m21)

T-MAX P

DNMX 11 04 04-WF – 0.06 – 0.01 0.05 0

11 04 08-WF – 0.04 – 0.01 0.02 0.06

15 04 08-WF – 0.04 – 0.01 0.02 0.06

15 06 08-WF – 0.04 – 0.01 0.02 0.06

DNMX 11 04 08-WM – 0.17 – 0.03 – 0.14 0.03

11 04 12-WM – 0.05 – 0.02 0.03 0.09

15 04 08-WM – 0.17 – 0.03 – 0.14 0.03

15 04 12-WM – 0.05 – 0.02 0.03 0.09

15 04 16-WM – 0.02 – 0.05 0.03 0.09

15 06 08-WM – 0.17 – 0.03 – 0.14 0.03

15 06 12-WM – 0.04 – 0.02 0.05 0.09

15 06 16-WM – 0.04 – 0.02 0.05 0.09

TNMX 16 04 04-WF – 0.06 0 0.05 0

16 04 08-WF – 0.05 – 0.01 0.01 0.06

TNMX 16 04 08-WM – 0.14 – 0.02 – 0.10 0.03

16 04 12-WM – 0.03 – 0.01 0.05 0.08

TNMX 22 04 12-WR – 0.25 – 0.03 – 0.22 0.01

22 04 12-WR – 0.29 – 0.04 – 0.25 0.02

x z m1 m21)

CoroTurn 107

1) Deviation after x and z set to zero (= 0 difference).

DCMX 07 02 04-WF – 0.06 – 0.01 – 0.05 0

07 02 08-WF – 0.03 – 0.01 – 0.06 0.06

11 T3 04-WF – 0.06 – 0.01 0.05 – 0.01

11 T3 08-WF – 0.05 – 0.01 0.01 0.06

DCMX 11 T3 04-WM – 0.10 – 0.02 0.08 – 0.01

11 T3 08-WM – 0.06 – 0.01 0 0.06

TCMX 09 02 04-WF – 0.1 0 0.1 0.02

11 03 04-WF – 0.1 – 0.01 – 0.1 0.01

11 03 08-WF – 0.05 0 0 0.05

16 T3 08-WF – 0.06 0 0 0.06

TCMX 11 03 08-WM – 0.06 0 0 0.06

16 T3 08-WM – 0.06 0 0 0.06

❶

Z

X •

Nominal nose radius

Wiper nose•

❸❷

❶

z

❸

x

❷

m1

m2

Wiper inserts

● modified nose radiusThe modified nose radius is within the tolerances for C- and W-style inserts as specified by ISO standards and therefore do not give rise to any programming complications. The corner has been given a new carefully developed shape rather than just one straightforward radius. This has a profound effect on the surface generated in that the ridges, normally left behind as the insert moves on, are ”wiped” off by the extended cutting edge.

1) Deviation after x and z set to zero (= 0 difference).

A 44

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Wiper insert geometry effect on workpiece dimensions

1.2.3.

bs = length of wiper radius

Insert type

Chamfer 45°

Undercutting

Type of operation

1. 3.Copying

Dimensions, mm

α rε2 l22 l21 ae bs bf

DNMX 11 04 04-WF 59°30’ 0.30 0.01 0.09 – 0.42 0.18 0.41 11 04 08-WF 0.40 0.06 0.04 – 0.73 0.42 0.56 15 04 08-WF 0.40 0.06 0.04 – 0.73 0.42 0.56 15 06 08-WF 0.40 0.06 0.04 – 0.73 0.42 0.56DNMX 11 04 08-WM 59°30’ 0.40 0 0.21 – 0.82 0.50 0.63 11 04 12-WM 0.40 0.09 0.02 – 0.99 0.59 0.85 15 04 08-WM 0.40 0 0.21 – 0.82 0.50 0.63 15 04 12-WM 0.40 0.10 0.03 – 0.99 0.59 0.85 15 04 16-WM 0.40 0.09 0.05 – 1.30 0.73 1.24 15 06 08-WM 0.40 0 0.21 – 0.82 0.50 0.63 15 06 12-WM 0.40 0.10 0.01 – 0.99 0.59 0.85 15 06 16-WM 0.40 0.06 0.03 – 1.30 0.73 1.24TNMX 16 04 04-WF 57° 0.30 0 – 0.10 0.44 0.18 0.34 16 04 08-WF 0.40 0.06 – 0.07 0.76 0.39 0.56TNMX 16 04 08-WM 57° 0.40 0.01 – 0.24 0.86 0.53 0.68 16 04 12-WM 0.40 0.09 – 0.05 1.03 0.54 0.90TNMX 22 04 12-WR 58° 0.50 0.03 – 0.41 1.29 0.82 1.28 22 04 16-WR 0.8 0.03 – 0.48 1.70 0.99 1.68

27° 22°

Dimensions, mm

T-MAX P

CoroTurn 107DCMX 07 02 04-WF 59°30’ 0.30 0 0.08 – 0.43 0.19 0.42 07 02 08-WF 0.40 0.06 0.04 – 0.73 0.42 0.56 11 T3 04-WF 0.30 0 0.08 – 0.43 0.19 0.43 11 T3 08-WF 0.40 0.06 0.05 – 0.73 0.42 0.56DCMX 11 T3 04-WM 59°30’ 0.40 0 0.12 – 0.25 0.25 0.48 11 T3 08-WM 0.40 0.04 0.09 – 0.74 0.44 0.56TCMX 09 02 04-WF 59° 0.25 0.10 – 0.19 0.48 0.27 0.39 11 03 04-WF 0.25 0.03 – 0.19 0.48 0.26 0.44 11 03 08-WF 0.52 0.04 – 0.08 0.38 0.39 0.75 16 T3 08-WF 0.40 0.06 – 0.10 0.74 0.44 0.56TCMX 11 03 08-WM 59° 0.40 0.06 – 0.10 0.74 0.44 0.56 16 T3 08-WM 0.40 0.06 – 0.10 0.74 0.44 0.56

2.

Effect on workpiece when using DNMX or TNMX inserts and how to compensate to get the right dimension.

Wiper effect

Wiper (DNMX)

Nominal nose radius

A 45

Turning

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

(Valid for left (L) hand inserts.)

Nominal nose radius

Wiper nose

Nominal nose radius

Nominal nose radius after tool offset

Wiper nose

CoroTurn 107 knife edge Wiper insertsTriangular inserts T06 and T09 are optimised for toolholders with 91° entering angle. Can also be applied in toolholders that have entering angle in the range of 90°–92°.

The triangular T11 insert works with toolholders that have en-tering angle in the range of 91°–93°.

The TCGX Wiper insert has a corner configuration that deviates from a conventional TCGT insert, which means that on some operations it has an effect on workpiece dimensions.

❶

❶

Z

X

••

❸❷

❶

z

❷

m1

m2

❸

x

x z m1 m21)

TCGX 06 T1 04 -0.07 0 0.015 0.05

TCGX 09 02 04 -0.08 0 0.01 0.05

TCGX 11 02 04 -0.06 0 0.01 0.06

CoroTurn 107

Effect on workpiece dimensionsEffect on workpiece when using TCGX inserts and how to compensate to get the right dimension.

UndercuttingT06. T09 κ = 91°T11 κ = 92°

bs = length of wiper radius

Insert type

α rε1 rε2 bs bf

TCGX 06 T1 04 59° 0.26 0.23 0.29 0.26

TCGX 09 02 04 59° 0.25 0.23 0.29 0.27

TCGX 11 02 04 58° 0.24 0.23 0.29 0.26

Dimensions, mm

CoroTurn 107

Deviation from nominal nose radius

Edge CAM provides CNC programming support for Wiper nose radius compensation.

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