Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigation
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Department of Geography – CartoGIS cluster Ghent University [email protected] Ann Vanclooster - Philippe De Maeyer October 12, 2011 Geomatics 2011 - Montréal Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigation
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In the context of a growing dependence on positioning and navigational tools, a shift has taken place from solely outdoor applications to the indoor environment. Although location based services and indoor positioning techniques may have gotten increasing attention from a research and commercial point of view, ubiquitous indoor navigation systems are not yet available on the market. Currently, navigational applications are implemented either in micro indoor built environments (mostly within a specific context) or at a larger urban or regional scale outdoors. This strict separation of indoor and outdoor space not only exists in the used data and models, but also in the analytical tools and techniques. With people moving seamlessly from indoor to outdoor space, systems that integrate navigation in both will be the next challenge in navigational research. In our research, we contribute to this integration of indoor and outdoor space by studying its impact on present navigational applications. A review of various case studies in multiple route planners reveals several active problems regarding the use of the indoor-outdoor connection in pedestrian route calculations. The most stringent limitation of current route planners in this realm is the availability of accurate data of indoor infrastructures. This data should consist of network information, additional semantic enrichments and all entrance points. It appears that it is not feasible to gather and maintain accurate indoor data of all buildings in the coming years due to the enormous amount of data collection and maintenance. However, such a complete data gathering is not always necessary, since even small data enhancements, such as adding entrance and exit points of major infrastructure projects, can have a huge influence on pedestrian route calculations. A second major challenge in indoor navigation and route planning, appears to be the geocoding of the users input to a geographical location or spatial unit. With current geocoding methodologies only applied to outdoor applications, additional problems are induced for the indoor variant. For example the semi-uniformity in house numbers outdoors is completely non-existing indoors. Also, the necessary reference dataset in the address matching process is still not ubiquitously available due to a lack of indoor data. Above problems show that the immediate indoor-outdoor connection for navigation applications still has a long way to go. This research gives an overview of the requirements and current problems in navigational applications and as such fits in with the ongoing awareness of indoor and outdoor navigation.
Transcript of Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigation
Department of Geography – CartoGIS clusterGhent University
Ann Vanclooster - Philippe De Maeyer
October 12, 2011Geomatics 2011 - Montréal
Tearing down the walls:closing the gap between outdoor
and indoor navigation
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Outline
• Applications for navigation• Research goal and assumptions• Route planner review:– Availability of indoor data– Indoor address matching
• Product-to-market implications• Conclusion
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
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Applications for navigation
• Variety of outdoor navigation systems• Efforts for indoor navigation– technological issues– indoor (3D) models
• Focus on pedestrian navigation– specific requirements: context, environment, mode of
locomotion, scale level– seamless movement between indoor and outdoor space
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Need to extend outdoor navigation systems to the indoor world!
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Research goal and assumptions
Goal:state of the art in integration of indoor infrastructures
for navigation based on what route planners do
Resources and assumptions:• ‘common’ outdoor route planners• indoor infrastructures• pedestrian navigation
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Route planner integration with 2 focuses:– How do they handle indoor data?– How are indoor addresses linked to spatial data?
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1. Use of indoor data
Bing Google Maps Mappy
Via Michelin RouteNet OpenRouteService
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Indoor infrastructure part of the shortest path
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1. Use of indoor data
Naver Google Maps
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Indoor infrastructure part of the shortest path
Differences in• data availability• level of detail of indoor data
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1. Use of indoor data
Bing Google Maps Mappy
Via Michelin RouteNet OpenRouteService
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Availability of entrance information
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1. Use of indoor data
Naver Google Maps
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Multimodal example
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1. Use of indoor data
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Points learned
• Mostly no incorporation of indoor infrastructures Lack of available indoor data
– Data gathering– Geographical area of the query– Commercial value
• Available indoor data: differences in LoD• Underground structures• 3D indoor data
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2. Indoor address matching
Mappy Via Michelin
It is not possible to calculate the route because the route planner maps the departure and arrival locations on the same location.
RouteNet
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
On the same network edge
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2. Indoor address matching
Bing Google Maps Mappy
Via Michelin OpenRouteService
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Influence on exit choice
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2. Indoor address matching
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Points learned
Both indoor and outdoor problem• Outdoor: suboptimal routing– link address to single exit/entrance point– not accounted for destination of query
• Indoor: network information available– lineair interpolation on network
partly correct if on different edges– projection on outdoor network– unable to calculate
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Product-to-market implications
Is it feasible to integrate indoor with outdoor navigation?
3 focus points:1) Data acquisition, standards and accuracy2) Indoor geocoding challenges3) Feasibility of integration
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
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Product-to-market implications
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Data acquisition, standards and accuracy
• Current data sources:local and global providers commercially linked
• Raw data acquisition:– no aerial images, mobile mapping– many existing internal data from various sources and
applications– diversity in quality, coverage, structure, ...– no standard for indoor data (under development)
• Network transformation:no mathematically sound framework
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Product-to-market implications
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Indoor geocoding challenges
= assigning geographical coordinates to certain input source (e.g. postal addresses)
•input source•reference
data set (e.g. Tiger)
•processing algorithm (e.g. linear interpolation)
•required output
Requirements
•non-existing uniformity in indoor addressing different processing methodology
•no appropriate and reliable reference data set
Problems
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Conclusion
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
Feasibility of integration
• No complete data gathering feasible– small data enhancements– focus on large, stable infrastructures– 3D aspect– public participation– existing indoor information
• Improved geocoding methodologies• Full navigation system: positioning techniques
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Thank you foryour attention
Oct 12, 2011 Tearing down the walls: closing the gap between outdoor and indoor navigationAnn Vanclooster - [email protected]
