Teaching Third-Grade TEXT FEATURES Using · PDF fileTeaching Third-Grade TEXT FEATURES Using...

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Copyright © 2011 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Lerner DigitalTM and Lerner eSourceTM are trademarks of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com From Exploring Dangers in Space: Asteroids, Space Junk, and More. © by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.

Features that help students understand how an informational text is organized:

FEATURE PURPOSETitle page Confirms title, author’s name, and publisher

Contents page Identifies the topics to be presented and their order

Chapter name, heading, or subheading Helps students identify main topics on a quick pass through the text

Page number Helps students with sequence of ideas and aids in using the index

Glossary Defines new and important words

Further Reading and Websites Helps students expand their knowledge of the topic by listing other informational texts in print or on the Internet

Index Lists the main ideas in the text, with page numbers to help students find them

Visual aids that help students understand informational texts:

VISUAL AID PURPOSEPhoto, drawing, or illustration Shows how something in the text looked or might have looked

Diagram Gives a more detailed view of a complex topic

Features that point out important or additional information:

FEATURE PURPOSECopyright page Tells students how current the information in a book is

Bold print Tells students a word is new and important; sometimes a glossary term

Italic print Tells students the word is supposed to stand out. It may be for emphasis or because it is a book name, a newspaper, a movie

title, a foreign word, or the directional for a photo or an illustration.

Caption Points out what’s in a photo, a drawing, or an illustration and relates it to the informational text; often gives more information

Label Identifies important points of interest in a diagram or photograph that students might otherwise miss

Teaching Third-Grade TEXT FEATURES Using EXPLORING DANGERS IN SPACE: ASTEROIDS, SPACE JUNK, AND MORE

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Copyright © 2012 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Lerner DigitalTM and Lerner eSourceTM are trademarks of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From Exploring Dangers in Space: Asteroids, Space Junk, and More. © by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.

TITLE PAGE: This page tells you what the name, or the title, of the book is. It also tells you who wrote the book and who published it.

Buffy Silverman

What’s Amazing

about Space?

aLerner Publications Company

Minneapolis

Exploring

Dangers in Space

Asteroids, Space Junk, and More

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TITLE

AUTHOR

PUBLISHER

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Copyright © 2012 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.

All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc., except for the inclusion of brief quotations in an acknowledged review.

Lerner Publications CompanyA division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.241 First Avenue NorthMinneapolis, MN 55401 U.S.A.

Website address: www.lernerbooks.com

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Silverman, Buffy. Exploring dangers in space : asteroids, space junk, and more / by Buffy Silverman. p. cm. — (Searchlight Books™—What’s amazing about space?) Includes index. ISBN 978–0–7613–5446–8 (lib. bdg. : alk. paper) 1. Collisions (Astrophysics)—Juvenile literature. 2. Near-Earth objects—Juvenile

literature. 3. Asteroids—Collisions with Earth—Juvenile literature. 4. Comets—Collisions with Earth—Juvenile literature. 5. Space debris—Juvenile literature. 6. Meteoroids—Juvenile literature. I. Title.

QB466.C64S55 2012 551.3’9—dc22 2010046078

Manufactured in the United States of America1 – DP – 7/15/11

Chapter 1

SPACE ROCKS . . . page 4

Chapter 2

ASTEROIDS AND COMETS . . . page 9

Chapter 3

SMALLER SPACE OBJECTS . . . page 15

Chapter 4

CRATERS, CRASHES, AND DINOSAURS . . . page 22

Chapter 5

SPACE WATCH . . . page 30

Glossary 38Learn More about Asteroids, Space Junk, and More 39

Index 40

COPYRIGHT PAGE: This page tells you the year in which the book was published. This may be important for report writing when you need up-to-date information. On this page, you can also find the address of the publisher.

COPYRIGHT YEAR

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Contents

Chapter 1

SPACE ROCKS . . . page 4

Chapter 2

ASTEROIDS AND COMETS . . . page 9

Chapter 3

SMALLER SPACE OBJECTS . . . page 15

Chapter 4

CRATERS, CRASHES, AND DINOSAURS . . . page 22

Chapter 5

SPACE WATCH . . . page 30

Glossary 38Learn More about Asteroids, Space Junk, and More 39

Index 40

CONTENTS PAGE: This lists the chapters in your book by chapter title and the pages on which they begin. The contents might also list features, such as the index, that are at the end of the book.

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Copyright © 2012 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Lerner DigitalTM and Lerner eSourceTM are trademarks of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From Exploring Dangers in Space: Asteroids, Space Junk, and More. © by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image © Science Faction/SuperStock.

Chapter 2

Many small space rocks orbit the Sun. Asteroids and comets

are much bigger. Some of their orbits bring them close to Earth.

ASTEROIDS AND COMETS

The asteroid in this drawing orbits near Earth. What is the name for another kind

of large space rock?

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TEXT OR MAIN TEXT: These are the words and sentences that explain the main ideas. Main text looks different from chapter titles or captions.

CAPTION: These words tell you what is in the photo or picture on the page. A caption is usually close to the picture it goes with. Sometimes a caption will tell you if the picture is a photo or a drawing. A caption may also give you additional information that is not in the main text.

CHAPTER TITLE: This tells you what topic will be discussed in the chapter. Chapter titles often give you the main ideas of the book.

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PHOTOS: The photos or pictures in a book show what the words, or the text, describe. Looking at photos can help you understand the meaning of the text.

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Copyright © 2012 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Lerner DigitalTM and Lerner eSourceTM are trademarks of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From Exploring Dangers in Space: Asteroids, Space Junk, and More. © by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image © Ron Miller.

Asteroids Asteroids are large, rocky objects that orbit the Sun. Astronomers think asteroids are the leftover material from when planets formed.

This is an artist’s idea of what the Sun looks like from the surface

of an asteroid.

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HEADINGS AND SUBHEADINGS: These separate the main text into smaller chunks of information. A heading tells you what the section below it is about.

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PAGE NUMBERS: Page numbers are on the lower part of most pages in a book. They tell you how far along you are in the book. They also help you find information from the index.

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Copyright © 2012 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Lerner DigitalTM and Lerner eSourceTM are trademarks of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From Exploring Dangers in Space: Asteroids, Space Junk, and More. © by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image © Laura Westlund/Independent Picture Service.

Most asteroids travel in the asteroid belt. This area is between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Millions of asteroids are in the asteroid belt.

SunMercury

Earth

Venus

Mars

Jupiter

Asteroid Belt

ASTEROID BELT

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LABELS: These are words in a diagram or photo that point out important parts of the diagram or photo.

DIAGRAM: A diagram is a type of drawing. Short labels point out important parts of the drawing.

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Glossaryasteroid: a large, rocky object that orbits the Sun

asteroid belt: an area in space where most asteroids travel. The asteroid belt is between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

astronomer: a scientist who studies outer space

atmosphere: the layer of gases surrounding a planet

comet: a chunk of ice. Dust and rocks are packed into the ice. Comets travel in long, oval orbits around the Sun.

gravity: a force that pulls objects together

impact crater: a mark left on a planet when an asteroid or a comet crashes into it

meteor: a meteoroid that has entered Earth’s atmosphere

meteorite: a meteor that has reached Earth’s surface

meteoroid: a small space rock that orbits the Sun

near-Earth asteroid (NEA): an asteroid that orbits close to Earth

orbit: the path an object takes as it travels around another object

satellite: a spacecraft used to send signals back and forth between Earth and space

spacecraft: a vehicle that carries people and supplies to outer space

space junk: satellites and other spacecraft that have stopped working

telescope: an instrument that makes faraway objects appear bigger and closer

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GLOSSARY: This is a list of important new words that you have learned by reading the book. Each glossary word is in bold print. After the bold word is a phrase that tells the meaning of the word.

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BOLD PRINT: Words in bold print have thick, black letters. You might not know what these words mean. They are usually in the glossary.

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Learn More about Asteroids, Space Junk, and MoreBooksFlorian, Douglas. Comets, Stars, the Moon, and Mars: Space Poems and

Paintings. Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 2007. Fun poems and paintings teach about outer space.

Sparrow, Giles. Destination Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors. New York: PowerKids Press, 2010. Take an imaginary journey through space to see asteroids, comets, and meteors.

Vogt, Gregory L. Meteors and Comets. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company, 2010. Learn more about meteors and comets in this lively and informative book.

WebsitesAsk an Astronomer for Kids!

http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_kids/AskKids/index.shtmlAstronomers answer common questions about asteroids, comets, and more.

Keeping an Eye on Space Rocks http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/neo/spaceRocks.htmlDiscover how astronomers watch asteroids and comets on this site from NASA.

StarChildhttp://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level1/solar_system.htmlLearn more about asteroids, comets, meteoroids, and other parts of the solar system.

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LEARN MORE: This is a list of books and websites on the same subject as the book you just read. The list is at the end of your book.

ITALIC: This type is slanted to make a word or a phrase stand out. Italicized words may be names of books, newspapers, movies, ships, or foreign words. They may also tell you which caption goes with which photo.

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Photo AcknowledgmentsThe images in this book are used with the permission of: © Mark Bowler/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 4; © Take 27 Ltd/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 5; © Joyce Photographics/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 6; © Science Faction/SuperStock, pp. 7, 9; © Jonathan Burnett/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 8; © Ron Miller, pp. 10, 31, 34, 37; © Laura Westlund/Independent Picture Service, p. 11; © Detlev van Ravenswaay/Photo Researchers, Inc., pp. 12, 16, 35, 36; © Mike Agliolo/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 13; NASA, NOAO, NSF, T. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), Z. Levay and L. Frattare (Space Telescope Science Institute), p. 14; © Equinox Graphics/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 15; © Stan Honda/AFP/Getty Images, p. 17; © F1 Online/SuperStock, p. 18; © Mehau Kulyk/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 19; U.S. Navy photo, p. 20; © Science and Society/SuperStock, p. 21; © RIA Novosti/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 22; © Francois Gohier/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 23; © David A. Hardy/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 24; © Mary Evans/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 25; © New York Public Library Picture Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 26; © Julian Baum/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 27; Hubble Space Telescope Comet Team, p. 28; © Mount Stromio and Siding Spring Observatories, ANU/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 29; © Richard Bizley/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 30; © Mark Garlick/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 32; © David Parker/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 33. Front cover: © Chris Bell/Taxi/Getty Images.

Main body text set in Adrianna Regular 14/20 Typeface provided by Chank

Indexasteroid belt, 11

asteroids, 9–12, 16, 24–27, 30, 33–37

astronomers, 6, 10, 29, 33–35, 37

atmosphere, 4, 8, 17, 20, 31

comets, 9, 13–14, 16, 27–30, 33, 35, 37

Earth, 4, 6–9, 12, 14, 17, 19–24, 27, 29, 31, 33–35, 37

gravity, 7, 28

impact craters, 22–24

meteorites, 17–18

meteoroids, 15–17

meteors, 17–18, 23

orbit, 5, 9–12, 14, 19–21, 28, 35

shooting star, 4

space junk, 20–21

space rocks, 4–6, 9, 15, 22

Sun, 5, 9–10, 13–15

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INDEX: This is an alphabetical list of words at the end of your book. The index tells some of the book’s main ideas. Each word is followed by page numbers. These numbers tell you where to go in the book to find that main idea.

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Teaching Third-Grade TEXT FEATURES Using · PDF fileTeaching Third-Grade TEXT FEATURES Using...

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