Teaching & Learning
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Transcript of Teaching & Learning
TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
Ms Nisha Mathew
LEARNING
Definition by Crow and Crow“ It is the acquisition of Knowledge habit & attitude in an
individual for the betterment of self & society”.
LEARNING PYRAMID
LEARNING PROCESS
STEPS1. Adjustment between teachers & students2. Establishment of goals3. Motivation of Learners4. Fixation or the stabilization of the behavior.5. Change in students Behavior.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING It is Unitary Individual and social Purposive Creative Modifies the behavior of individual Helps to make choices in life Helps bring changes in life Helps in continuous professional development It tunes with the trends and development in particular
fields.
PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING Progressive change in behavior Motivated by adjustment Universal Never ending growth Continuous process Goal directed or Purposive Active & creative Aroused by individual & Social needs Response of the whole individual to the total situation Transferable Possible on cognitive, affective & Conative side A Process not a Product
FACTORS INFLUENCING LEARNING
Age Intelligence Interest Holistic health Maturation Fatigue Insight Ability or capacity Motivation
Nature of knowledge Meaningfulness of content Practice Learning situation and
environment Clarity of content Task oriented Variety in content and teaching
method Students involvement Teachers enthusiasm
Intrinsic factors Extrinsic factors
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Definition: These are the result sought by the learner at the end of the educational programme, that is what the student will be able to do at the end of a learning period, that they could not before hand.
FUNCTIONS & IMPORTANCE Teacher and learner get clear direction Helps teacher to plan appropriate evaluation method Inform student and teacher about the gap between
expected and actual number of changes occurred Providing direction to teaching and learning evaluation
process in a particular evaluation education system. Focus on particular teaching and learning activity Determine course material, infrastructure, course
content, curricular and extracurricular activity Monitor teaching learning process under predetermined
objective
CHARACTERISTICSEducational objective must be SMART and FOCUSEDS-Specific F-FeasibleM-Measurable O-ObservableA-Attainable C-Centered on studentR-Realistic U-UnequivocalT-Time bound S- Sequentially appropriate E-Ever relevant D-Developmentally appropriate
TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1. According to level of educational objectives General or Institutional objective Intermediate Objective Instructional Objective/Specific Objective/
Behavioral or learning objective2. According to taxonomy of Educational
Objective Cognitive Affective Psychomotor
FORMULATION OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES According to the domains to be assessedCognitive, affective or the Psychomotor
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Active verbs used for writing objectives in cognitive domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
Define Assosciate Add Analyze Categorize Appraise
Count Compute Apply Arrange Combine Assess
Identify Convert Calculate Illustrate Explain Compare
List Distinguish Examine Develop Summarize
Judge
Describe Explain Demonstrate
diagram specify critique
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN
VERBS USED Recieving Respondin
gValuing Oranganis
ingCharacterisation
Accept Agree Adapt Anticipate Administer
Acknowledge
Demonstrate Contribute Collaborate Advance
Observe Communicate
Delay Coordinate Change
Listen Participate Share Design Influence
Receive Respond suggest Simplify Prompt
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN
VERBS USEDPerception Set Guided
ResponseMechanism
Complex Overt Response
Adaptation
Origination
Describe Arrange Assemble Build Assemble Adapt DesignDifferentiate
Display Construct Calibrate Construct Solve Creates
Distinguish
Explain Display Complete
Coordinate Reorganize
Combine
Identify Prepares Fix Measure Demonstrate
Rearrange
Formulate
Isolates Proceed Manipulate
Organize Manipulate
Integrates Modify
Recognize Respond Reproduce
Perform Fix Adjust Originate
FORMULATE ONE OBJECTIVE
LESSON PLAN Definition: Lesson plan is a plan prepared by a teacher to
teach a lesson in an organized manner. It is plan of action and should have understanding on the teacher's part about the students, knowledge and expertise about the topic being taught and ability to use effective methods.
FUNCTIONS OF LESSON PLAN Ensure a definite objective Helps for adequate and appropriate use of resources in
an efficient way Keeps the teacher on track to ensure steady progress
for a definite outcome of teaching Clarifies what, how, where and when to teach Directs teaching –learning process and procedure Review the subject matter Helps for delimitations Well planning increase interest of student Provides guidelines about classroom instructions Sensible framework for teacher Provides confidence, self reliance, ease and freedom to
teacher
IMPORTANCE OF LESSON PLAN Provides guidelines both teacher and
students Helps to achieve definite objectives Makes teaching systematic, economical Provides confidence to face the class Links new knowledge Prepares pivotal questions and illustrations Evaluate lesson proceeds Use a wider variety of teaching materials Plan as per the availability and accessibility
of resource materials
PRE REQUISITES OF LESSON PLAN Knowledge and mastery of subject matter Knowledge of student psychology Knowledge of methods and techniques Knowledge of aims Knowledge about the student’s interests, traits and
abilities Teacher’s competence Selection and organization of subject matter - Learning activities - Teaching activities - Type of illustrative materials - Assignments- Evaluation - References and bibliography
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD LESSON PLAN Clearly written Definite aim and objectives Extension of existing knowledge Simple and comprehensive Flexible Ensures active teaching Division with essence of wholeness Individualized and customized Feasibility and significance Proceed from general to specific Completeness Inclusion of summary, recapitalization, bibliography
and student assignment
STEPS OF LESSON PLANNING Preparation or introduction Presentation Comparison or association Generalizations Application Recapitulation
FORMAT FOR LESSON PLAN I. Cover page : This must include topic of
lesson plan, date of submission, name of supervisor, name and details of presenting teacher
II. First page : this page must include the following basic information :
( Example )Basic lesson plan information :Subject : communication and education
technology
CONTD…Name of topic :assessment of learning needsName of teacher : Ms. Naina Sharma Name of supervisor : Mrs. Sindhu Pilli Date of teaching : 23/04/13Time of teaching : 10am-11am Venue of teaching : lecture theater no.2 Group: B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year students Size of group: 25 Method of teaching : lecture cum discussion Duration : one hour AV Aids : Power point presentationPrevious knowledge : the group has some knowledge
about the topic: Assessment of learning needs
General objective: At the end of the class, students will be able to acquire knowledge about assessment of learning needs
Specific objectives: At the end of teaching , students will be able to
Define various terms related to assessment of learning needs
Explain about historical perspective Enlist types of assessment Enumerate principles of assessment for learning Describe purposes of conducting assessment of
learning needs
III. Main body of lesson plan :
IV. Appendix of lesson plan : This include giving the assignment to students and recommending further reading, writing the bibliography and references
S. No.
Time Contributory objective
Content matter
Teaching – learning activity-----------------------------AV Aids / Evaluation