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Transcript of Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved....
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Chapter 3
Designing and Designing and Planning Technology-Planning Technology-Enhanced InstructionEnhanced Instruction
Teaching and Learning Teaching and Learning with Technologywith Technology
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Teachers need to determine what needs to occur in the classroom and during lessons
Set of focused questions provides a framework and systematic process to create effective instruction
Planning ensures best possible approach to learning
Instructional Planning
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Effective instruction is planned by skillful and creative educators
Systems Approach - carefully planned, step-by-step process to design, create, evaluate, and revise
The Design-Plan-Act! (D-P-A) three-step system addresses all needed planning steps
Instructional Planning System
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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The D-P-A System
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Instructional Planning
The Design PhaseTeacher looks comprehensively and
strategically at the targeted curriculumAn instructional design template helps
ensure that no step is missed The Dynamic Instructional Design (DID) model
assists you in creating your instructional design
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The PLAN PhaseEssential components of the daily lesson plans:Ready the learnersTarget specific daily objectivesSystematically prepare the lesson
Prepare the classroomDetail the steps of the pedagogical cycleIdentify technologies and materialsCheck for success
Lesson Planning
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Action Planning
The ACT PhaseReview your lesson planThe Instructional Action Plan (IAP) is your
lesson plan to-do listYour IAP details everything to be done as a
series of stepsThen you are ready to implement
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The DID ModelGagné’s DID, comprehensive model of instructional
designFocuses on dynamic design supporting continuous
adjustment and changeDID model built around continuous internal/external
feedback loopContinuous improvement is core of high-quality
instructionFormative feedback occurs during every step of the
learning processSummative feedback is returned at end of the
learning process
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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The DID Model
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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The DID Model
Step 1 - Know the LearnerWhat are the learners’:Physical and cognitive developmental
stage(s)?Cultural and language differences?Incoming skills and current knowledge base?Individual characteristics (learning and
cognitive styles, intelligences, etc.)?Group similarities and differences?How will the above affect the design?
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The DID Model
Step 2 – State Your ObjectivesUse Performance Objectives State what the learner will do after the
instructional event Focus objectives on skills and
competencies of studentsObjectives should be clear, reasonable, and
measurable
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Performance Objectives contain four components: Stem Target performance Assessment method Criterion for successExample:The student will be able to identify the subject and verb in a sentence written on the board with 95% accuracy.
The DID Model
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Consider Bloom’s taxonomy when articulating objectives
Bloom’s Levels of Cognition Knowledge – recall of facts Comprehension – interpreting facts Application – applying information to new
situations Analysis – recognizing components within data Synthesis – creating new ideas for the data
provided Evaluation – making thoughtful value judgments
The DID Model
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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The DID Model
Objectiveaction verbs based on Bloom’sTaxonomy
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Step 3 - Establish the LearningEnvironment Adjust the physical space to support learners Provide a positive nurturing environment Keep learners active and engaged Prepare well-organized and articulated lesson plans
The DID Model
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What is the Learning Environment?
Includes all conditions affecting learners, physical and nonphysical Physical space Classroom climate Attitude of teacherDunn and Dunn’s research Different aspects of physical space affect different learning styles Simple changes can often enhance the learning environment
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Step 4 - Identify Teaching and Learning Strategies Teaching strategies = methods you use to help your students obtain objectives Learning strategies = techniques and activities you require for your students to master content Combined, they are referred to as pedagogy or the pedagogical cycle
The DID Model
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Utilize the steps of the pedagogical cycle to help determine your teaching strategies
The DID Model
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The pedagogical cycle steps: Provide preorganizers to focus attention Use motivators to help learners focus and engage Bridge to prior knowledge Share objectives and expectations Introduce new knowledge using selected methods and media Reinforce knowledge acquisition with demonstrations,
modeling, and feedback Provide practice experiences Include culminating verbal, visual, and auditory reviews
The DID Model
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Methods vs. Media
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Step 5 - Identify and Select Support Technologies Select tools to support teaching and learning strategies Once strategies have been mapped out, tools to build experience should be evident Identify the technology tools you need Select from those available to you Be competent in their use
The DID Model
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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The DID Model
Available Support Technologies
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Step 6 – Summative Evaluation and Revision Plan Formative feedback continues throughout all steps of the DID model Summative feedback is evaluation at the end of the design Final evaluation and revision ensure continuous improvement of design
The DID Model
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Lesson Planning
The PLAN PhaseThe DID model provides the instructional big
picture and a blueprint for the teaching-learning process
Once design is completed, you can PLAN your daily lessons
Lesson plans provide day-to-day snapshots of what will happen
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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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The ACT PhaseThe Instructional Action Plan includes:1. Identify learner preparation activities2. Ready the classroom3. List teaching and learning activities4. Create your personal prompts5. Identify support technologies6. List feedback tools7. Detail follow-up activities
Action Planning
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Planning for Technology in Teaching and Learning
Remember that technology…Is a tool that may support your design and
plansEnhanced teaching and learning must be well
thought outShould help you do something new or do it
better Has many options; choose wisely
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