Teaching and Learning Matters Newsletter (December 2014)

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A Publication from The Centre for Innovation and Excellence in Learning TEACHING & LEARNING MATTERS DECEMBER 2014 Teaching to Connect with International Students An “Intercultural Competence” Framework The “intercultural competence” model (Deardor, 2009) is a way of thinking more systemaƟcally and consciously about how we interact with and respond to our internaƟonal students. In- tercultural competence begins with respecƟng cultural dier- ence through such pracƟces as acƟvely and openly demon- straƟng our curiosity about others’ background, their place of origin, and their culture. Many instructors do this eecƟvely by structuring Ɵme at the beginning of a course to get to know stu- dents. This does not mean singling out the internaƟonal stu- dents, but rather making it a point to get to know all students and develop a sense of their prior experience. A subtle, indirect but sure way of gaining insights into your students is to survey their background knowledge of the course content itself, with a few short, fun “challenge” quesƟons about select- ed course topics on the rst day of class. How students respond will give you a good sense of how their previous educaƟon—wherever it took place—has prepared them for your course. Another way to learn about students is to ask them to pair up, interview each other (using a set of quesƟons you have designed to guide the inquiry), and then ask them to present each other to the class. This approach not only ensures that your interna- Ɵonal students quickly make friends and become members of your classroom community, but it also helps those who may lack condence in their language abiliƟes or their public speaking. It’s easier for shy students to speak publicly when the subject of their presentaƟon is not themselves. The technique also has the added value of promoƟng careful listening—and increased inter- cultural competence—in all your students. Learning more about your students’ background and past expe- rience inevitably increases your own self-awareness, which is another phase in the intercultural competence process model. Instructors in this phase will have reected on their own cultural assumpƟons, and will have reached an understanding of how their own culture can be the basis of bias. Doing so makes one more eecƟve in observing, interpreƟng and suspending judg- ment on what students say and do in class. To take a very simple and obvious example, we might observe a student who avoids parƟcipaƟon in whole-class discussion, and wonder if she is somehow incapable. Through in- creased awareness of the stu- dent’s background, and conscious suspension of judgment, we might go on to learn that the student is simply responding to his/her cul- ture’s norm not to express person- al opinions openly. Our reacƟon to the student will be more eecƟve when we take into consideraƟon the fact that he or she may be working within a dierent set of cultural expectaƟons. Our goal through intercultural competence is to develop the ability to frame our responses to students. We want to develop the habit in ourselves of observing and responding to interna- Ɵonal students’ acƟons, words and work from a place of knowledge, comprehension and empathy. Through this process we will be able to move beyond the noƟon that our internaƟon- al students start with decits that have to be overcome. (Asmar, 2005; Swartz, 2009). Instead, we can develop what Ryan (2011) would call a “transcultural” approach. In this case we start with the assumpƟon that all of our students bring something to the table, and our job is to structure interacƟons whereby all stu- dents’ assets are acknowledged and leveraged in the learning process. The 1800+ international students currently enrolled at VIU are good reasons to reflect on best practices for the engage- ment of all our students, with a special eye toward those practices that will increase traction for students who are still in the process of adapting to a new culture and learning environment. Whether we are students or instructors, our culture- specific assumptions about teaching and learning directly shape the roles we take in delivering or experiencing formal education. These assumptions, if unexamined, can sometimes interfere with our interests and goals. For teachers work- ing with a population of international students, it may help to keep in mind the process model known as “Intercultural Competence” as a way of developing best practices for engagement of students from various backgrounds. Continued on back

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Newsletter of the Centre for Innovation and Excellence in Learning, Vancouver Island University

Transcript of Teaching and Learning Matters Newsletter (December 2014)

Page 1: Teaching and Learning Matters Newsletter (December 2014)

A Publication from The Centre for Innovation and Excellence in Learning

TEACHING & LEARNING MATTERS DECEMBER 2014

Teaching to Connect with International Students

An “Intercultural Competence” Framework 

The “intercultural competence” model (Deardorff, 2009) is a way of thinking more systema cally and consciously about how we interact with and respond to our interna onal students. In-tercultural competence begins with respec ng cultural differ-ence through such prac ces as ac vely and openly demon-stra ng our curiosity about others’ background, their place of origin, and their culture. Many instructors do this effec vely by structuring  me at the beginning of a course to get to know stu-dents. This does not mean singling out the interna onal stu-dents, but rather making it a point to get to know all students and develop a sense of their prior experience.   A subtle, indirect but sure way of gaining insights into your students is to survey their background knowledge of the course content itself, with a few short, fun “challenge” ques ons about select-ed course topics on the first day of class. How students respond will give you a good sense of how their previous educa on—wherever it took place—has prepared them for your course.   Another way to learn about students is to ask them to pair up, interview each other (using a set of ques ons you have designed to guide the inquiry), and then ask them to present each other to the class. This approach not only ensures that your interna-onal students quickly make friends and become members of 

your classroom community, but it also helps those who may lack confidence in their language abili es or their public speaking. It’s easier for shy students to speak publicly when the subject of their presenta on is not themselves. The technique also has the added value of promo ng careful listening—and increased inter-cultural competence—in all your students. 

Learning more about your students’ background and past expe-rience inevitably increases your own self-awareness, which is another phase in the intercultural competence process model. Instructors in this phase will have reflected on their own cultural assump ons, and will have reached an understanding of how their own culture can be the basis of bias.  Doing so makes one more effec ve in observing, interpre ng and suspending judg-ment on what students say and do in class. To take a very simple and obvious example, we might observe a student who avoids par cipa on in whole-class discussion, and wonder if she is 

somehow incapable. Through in-creased awareness of the stu-dent’s background, and conscious suspension of judgment, we might go on to learn that the student is simply responding to his/her cul-ture’s norm not to express person-al opinions openly. Our reac on to the student will be more effec ve when we take into considera on the fact that he or she may be working within a different set of cultural expecta ons.  

Our goal through intercultural competence is to develop the ability to frame our responses to students. We want to develop the habit in ourselves of observing and responding to interna-onal students’ ac ons, words and work from a place of 

knowledge, comprehension and empathy. Through this process we will be able to move beyond the no on that our interna on-al students start with deficits that have to be overcome. (Asmar, 2005; Swartz, 2009). Instead, we can develop what Ryan (2011) would call a “transcultural” approach. In this case we start with the assump on that all of our students bring something to the table, and our job is to structure interac ons whereby all stu-dents’ assets are acknowledged and leveraged in the learning process. 

The 1800+ international students currently enrolled at VIU are good reasons to reflect on best practices for the engage-ment of all our students, with a special eye toward those practices that will increase traction for students who are still in the process of adapting to a new culture and learning environment. Whether we are students or instructors, our culture-specific assumptions about teaching and learning directly shape the roles we take in delivering or experiencing formal education. These assumptions, if unexamined, can sometimes interfere with our interests and goals. For teachers work-ing with a population of international students, it may help to keep in mind the process model known as “Intercultural Competence” as a way of developing best practices for engagement of students from various backgrounds.

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Page 2: Teaching and Learning Matters Newsletter (December 2014)

specula ve ques on together. 

Create regular “team tasks” or discussions where groups of 4 or 5 students are asked to make a collec ve decision re-quiring the use of specific course content. Make it a ques-on of “choices among op ons” rather than a ques on of 

open-ended response or inven on, so all of the students can par cipate equally, no ma er their language level. 

On day one of the course, ask students to develop collec-vely their own set of classroom policies for a safe and re-

spec ul learning environment.  Making their own rules im-mediately gives students a sense of community, collec ve ownership and responsibility for one another.  

Strategy 3. Level the playing field for all students, by making classroom presenta ons, lectures, etc. more easily accessible outside of class.  

Students should be able to review and study as their habits, customs and schedules allow. For this pur-pose, consider the following mecha-nisms for distribu on of course con-tent. 

Post your slides and other lec-ture-related materials on VIULearn (D2L) before class, so students can preview them and par cipate more easily during the class mee ng. 

Before all-class discussions with students, ask them to write down an answer to your ques on, and/or discuss it briefly with a peer. You are now free to call on even the shyest of your students, who can at least read out loud what he/she wrote or report on what his /her peer said. 

A er class, post your slides/handouts/materials from the class mee ng in VIULearn (D2L), so stu-

dents can review on their own, at own pace.  These are just a few small ideas for crea ng classrooms that are welcoming for students of all backgrounds, cultures, and na on-ali es  If you’ve discovered your own strategies that work well, we invite you to share them with us. VIU faculty are also wel-come to peruse the Centre library for resources on this topic, or schedule a conversa on with a Curriculum, Teaching and Learn-ing Specialist to discuss your class. 

Asmar, C. (2005).  Interna onalising students: Reassessing diaspor-ic and local student difference.  Studies in Higher Educa on, 30(3), 291-309. 

Deardorff, D.K. (Ed.). 2009. The SAGE handbook of intercultural competence.  Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publica ons Inc. 

Ryan, J. (2011). Teaching and learning for interna onal students: Towards a transcultural approach. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Prac ce, 17(6), 631-648. 

Swartz, E. (2009).  Diversity: Gatekeeping knowledge and main-taining inequali es.  Review of Educa onal Review, 79(2), 1044-1083. 

What are Best Prac ces for the  Transcultural Classroom?  Strategy 1: Pro‐ac vely check in with your students early and o en.   Your goal here is two-fold. You want to learn about your stu-dents so you can respond to them more effec vely and com-petently; and at the same  me you are sending them a mes-sage that you see them, and they ma er to you (a primary basis of respect). For example, some instructors, knowing that they will have students who, for cultural reasons, are unlikely to take advantage of office hours, have success requiring eve-ry student to par cipate in a “group office hour.” This occurs with the professor and several students at least once during the first part of the semester. The gesture ensures that every student receives direct a en on; and turning the visit into a group ac vity reduces the stress for those interna onal students who might not otherwise dare ap-proach the professor on their own.  More generally, the goal is to create community by means of a two-way flow of informa on with your students. This will give you a sense of how students are experi-encing your course, but will also have the effect of communica ng to students your interest in them—and hence the respect you hold for them. Early in the term, for example, use mecha-nisms such as those indicated in earlier paragraphs to learn more about your students. As the term progresses, try any of these infor-mal, ungraded, data collec on tasks at the end of class, such as: 

The 30‐Second Survey: ask your students to write down (anonymously) one thing that’s going well and one thing they’re struggling with 

The One‐Minute Paper: ask students to summarize a key idea from the course content (might be anonymous or signed, depending on your purpose) 

The Muddiest Point: ask students to write down anony-mously something that they’re finding difficult to com-prehend  

Strategy 2. Take the ini a ve to connect students with other students,  so as to foster community.   Many students may feel isolated in courses for a variety of reasons, some of them cultural. To build a stronger sense of community in class, try any of these approaches: 

Stop in the middle of your presenta on, and ask students to pair up informally and tackle a problem or answer a 

Try this ac vity on the first day of your course... ...to promote inclusiveness for your interna onal students  1. Place students randomly in groups of 5 or 6 (do not let them self-select).

2. Ask students in each group to take turns interviewing each member of the group, one by one, with the goal of conducting an “inventory” of the group’s total “assets.” Assets are the specific skills and special talents (both aca-demic + non-academic) each student brings to the group.

3. After the groups have conducted their inventories, ask each group to create a company that creates and delivers a product or a service, based on the collective inventory of skills and talents possessed by the group members.

4. Ask groups to give a name to their new company, and to develop an idea for a logo and how they would market their product or service.

5. Ask groups to prepare a short 1-2 minute presentation of their “companies” - they explain the concept and describe the role each group member will play in running company.

6. The groups are then asked to present their companies to the whole class.