Effective Use of Teaching Aids

1Appropriate use of mediain teachingDr D. Murali Krishna Dr D. Shankar Reddy METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning1Welcome you all IntroductionLearning objectivesDefinitionClassificationAdvantages and disadvantages of each audio visual aid

4METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning43TASKStage OneUsing your AV Aid prepare the topic given to you .Time alloted : 15 mts Stage TwoPresentation 4 mts

Stage Three Comments from facilitators and other groups 2 mts

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Introduction Teaching is an art it requires

1) Expertise at the subject2) Grasp of the language3) Skills to communicate Choosing the appropriate teaching aid

METU Tirupati5Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning56Why use teaching aids?Teaching aids are useful to:reinforce what you are saying,ensure that your point is understood,signal what is important/essential,engage students other senses in the learning process,facilitate different learning styles.METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning615:00Run through as above.750% of what we HEAR and SEEWe Learn and Retain:20% of what we HEAR30% of what we SEE70% what we SAY and WRITE10% of what we READHigher levels of retention can be achieved through active involvement in learning.METU TirupatiEdgar dales Cone of experienceSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning7Diagram has appeared in many manifestations and has been attributed to a number of people.90% of what we Do as we perform a task 8Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this session, you should be able to:Choose the most appropriate visual aid for your purpose and context,Use the black-/white-board effectively,Make the most of the overhead projector, Flip chartProduce a basic presentation with MS PowerPoint,Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of other media.

METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning8Def:- Audio-Visual Aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning. -Burton Audio-Visual Aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic.METU Tirupati9Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning9Types of AV AIDS1.Non projected visual aids: a) Chalkboard b) Display boards, cards and charts 2.Projected visual aids: a)Overhead projector b) LCD projectorc) Direct projector

3.Audio aids: a) Public address system b) Audio tape system 4.Written aids

METU Tirupati10Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning10Types contd.5.Patients and real objects 6.Three-dimensional representations: a) Models b) Simulators 7.Simulation and Role play 8.Audiovisual aids: a) Video tape system b) Tape slide system and cine film c) Video scope d) LCD panel e) Virtual reality (VR) 9.Mass communication media: a) Radio b) Television

METU Tirupati11Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning11Blackboard 1801 James Pillans invented black board in Scotland * METU Tirupati12

*WikipediaJames Pillans, headmaster and geography teacher at the Old High School in Edinburgh, Scotland, is credited with inventing the first modern blackboardHe hung huge slate on class room wallSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning1213WHITE-/BLACKBOARDAdvantagesNo advanced preparation required, except when displaying a complex table/chart/ diagram.

Technology independent .

Can be used by students for problem-solving, etc.

DisadvantagesTime-consuming if you have a lot to write.Handwriting may be difficult to read (legibility, size, glare, etc.).Turn your back on audience.Cleaning the board (chalk dust, permanent marker, etc.)Cant go back to something youve erased.METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning13Ask for other ideas from the floor.14WHITE-/BLACKBOARDTIPSGet to the lecture hall early to make sure that the board has been cleaned.Bring your own chalk/markers and eraser.If you have problems writing level, draw horizontal lines in advance using a pencil and metre stick.Draw complex diagrams, charts, etc. in advanceCleaning METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning14Text and drawings large enough 6-8 mm . Use capitals if writing is bad . Start from top portion of the board proceed downwards and from left Avoid turning away for long periods while writing on board.METU Tirupati15

Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning15Flip chart

METU Tirupati16Peter KentSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning16AdvantagesNotes, diagrams or flowcharts can be prepared in advance

Pages can be removed from the pad and taped on the walls

Can be preserved for display even after the class

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Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning17DisadvantagesNot effective for large groupThe chart cannot hold large amount of materialWriting on the chart while the session is going on is time consumingHandwriting

METU Tirupati18Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning1819FLIPCHARTWhen to USE:if electricity is unavailable,to enable students to illustrate group reports,to provide a written record of points made by students.

TIPSCheck the room and equipment beforehand.Get your own pad of newsprint.Write out important pages in advance.Dont put too much on a page.Carry a collection of felt-tip pens.

METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning19and check that they havent dried out , use different coloured pens OHPOver head projector Invented in mid 20th centuryUses large Fresnel lens that collimates the light Used to project previously prepared transparencies Magnification is about 5 times

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Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning2021OVERHEAD PROJECTORAdvantagesAllows you to prepare all your slides in advance.Best suited for complex diagrams, charts and Can build up information point-by-point through the use of overlays.Dont have to turn your back on the audience.easily available and inexpensiveCan be prepared easily , quickly and preserved for future.

METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning2115:10Introduce as aboveAsk for additional points from the floor.DisadvantagesA blown bulb or power failure can spoil all your hard work.

Image quality can also be a problem.

Transparency can go out of focus if it is moved on the stage

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Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning22Operation of Projector 2 mt away from screen Good picture is obtained when mirror is 45 to horizontal plane. Before switching off , ensure cool air comes out of exhaust.METU Tirupati23Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning2324OVERHEAD PROJECTORPreparing TransparenciesBy hand, orComputer application (eg. MS PowerPoint, MS Word, HTML documents)Printing - colour or B/WPrinter (laser or inkjet), or PhotocopierMETU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning24METU Tirupati25

Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning2526OVERHEAD PROJECTORAvoid overcrowdingAvoid continuous proseBullet or numbered points preferredThe rule of sixProgressive disclosure KILLSKeep It Legible, Lean and SimpleMETU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning2627OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

Tables are best avoided:METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning2728OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

Use Charts/Graphs instead:METU TirupatiSession 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning28Slide projector

Uses 35 mm slides

METU Tirupati29Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning29Advantages Suitable for large and small group

Easy to carry can be stored and reused

With automatic slide projector and remote control the speaker can manage slide independently

Allows projection of x-ray images, scans, specimens etc.

METU Tirupati30Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning30Disadvantages Need to darken the hall for slide projectionLoss of eye contact with the studentsExcessive numbers will result in loss of communication

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Session 1 - Short Course in Basic Teaching SkillsOffice of the Dean of Teaching and Learning31Good slide Convey only one idea per slideSlide should be simple with adequate marginsSix lines per slideTitle 5 words or less and outlines 7 words or less

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