Teacher Notes Go through the slide show beforehand in notes view

as well as regular slide-show. The notes help with additional information & discussion. There is a teacher notes Word document.

Red arrow help point out important information for note taking.

You can print a 6-slides-per-page or 3-slides-per-page handout and make your own notes from the slide presentation.

You may want to print the notes pages of the slides. (There is a Word doc of all the notes.)

There is a notes handout for TEKS Biology and a diagram handout for regular and Honors.

This PPT was revised June 6, 2006.

Energy Flow & Cycles

Element Cycles

TAKING NOTES

Hints on taking notes from this PowerPoint:• Listen carefully to the teacher

discussion.• Not everything shown is to be taken

as notes.• Look for the “take notes” symbol.

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

Matter within ecosystems is

recycled. decomposersbacteria and fungi

soilminerals and humus

producersgreen algae

water and salts

consumersanimals

decay

dieeaten

die

All Cycles Are Related

Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur,

Phosphorusin Plants and Organisms

N2

Fossil Fuel Combustion

H2O

CO2

SO2, NO2

Phyto- plankton

Zoo- plankton

Ocean Sediments

Nutrient Recycling

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Nitrates, Sulfates,

Phosphates

Phosphate

Nitrite, Dead Organic Mattrer &

Decomposers

H2O

Urea Runoff

Respiration Decomposition

Transpiration

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESWater, carbon, oxygen,

nitrogen & other elements cycle from the abiotic (“geo” nonliving environment) to biotic (“bio” living organisms) & then back to the environment.

bioticabiotic

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

Water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen & other elements move through a regularly repeated sequence of events.

Define a cycle. H2O C

N O

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

Most element cycles have an atmospheric “bank” where the element is found in large amounts.

atmosphere

“bank”

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

Elements move from the “bank” into organisms.

atmosphere

“bank”

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

Organisms release elements in daily activities or after death.

Give an example of an activity that releases elements.

RIP

atmosphere

“bank”

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

Decomposers (or combustion or erosion) break down organic matter.

What is a result of their actions?

RIP

atmosphere

“bank”

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

Three example cycles:

– Water

– Carbon (carbon-oxygen)

– Nitrogen

H2O C

N O

WATER CYCLE Use the next diagram to help

you define the following:– evaporation– condensation– precipitation– transpiration– runoff– accumulation

Condendation(clouds form)

Condensation

Transpiration

Precipitation

Evaporation

Accumulation

Run-off

water cycle diagram

EVAPORATION - water changing from a liquid into a gas (water vapor)

CONDENSATION - water vapor (gas) changing to a tiny drops of water (liquid) that form clouds or rain

PRECIPITATION - water vapor (gas) changing into a liquid or solid such as rain, hail, sleet or snow

TRANSPIRATION - water loss from plants when water vapor goes out through stomates (little openings) in leaves

RUN-OFF - water moving across the Earth’s surface (stream, river, gully)ACCUMULATION - water

gathering into an area (pond, lake, stream or ocean)

WATER CYCLE

Label your diagram of the water cycle.

WATER CYCLE

Nonliving portions of the water cycle include condensation, evaporation & precipitation.

bioticabiotic

WATER CYCLELiving portions of

the water cycle include plants performing transpiration and water intake by all organisms.

bioticabiotic

WATER CYCLE

Water vapor exits plant leaves during transpiration through tiny openings called stomata.

WATER CYCLE

Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

WATER CYCLE

Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

WATER CYCLE

Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

WATER CYCLE

Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

WATER CYCLE

Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

WATER CYCLEWhy are water cycles said to be

driven by the sun?

HEAT

WATER CYCLEWhy are water cycles said to be

driven by the sun?

WATER CYCLE If water cycles are driven by the

sun’s heat energy, what effect would global warming have on the cycle?

water cycle diagram animated

CARBON CYCLE

Why is the Carbon Cycle often called the Carbon-Oxygen Cycle?

respirationphotosynthesis

O2

CO2

CARBON CYCLE

Like other element cycles, the carbon cycle links nonliving & living parts of the environment.

bioticabiotic

CARBON CYCLEThe exchange of gases during

photosynthesis and respiration is a major example of the living-nonliving cycle of carbon-oxygen.

respirationphotosynthesis

O2

CO2

CARBON CYCLE

How does carbon enter the living part of the cycle?

CO2 + H2O ----> C6H12O6 + O2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

Using the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS, plants use CO2 to make food

CARBON CYCLE

Carbon is returned to the atmosphere environment by:

– cellular respiration

– erosion

– combustion

– decomposition

CARBON CYCLE Use the next diagram to help you

define the relationship of the following terms to the carbon cycle.

– respiration

– photosynthesis

– decomposition

– combustion

– erosion

CARBON CYCLE

limestone

com

bu

stio

n

soil

ero

sio

n

anim

al r

esp

irat

ion

pla

nt

resp

irat

ion

assi

mila

tio

nb

y p

lan

ts

ph

oto

syn

thes

isb

y al

gae

resp

irat

ion

by

alg

aean

d a

qu

atic

anim

als

litter

fossil fuelscoal, gas, petroleum

CO2 in Atmosphere

decomposition oceans, lakes

RESPIRATION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when food (glucose) is broken down during respiration

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Plants use carbon dioxide to make food

DECOMPOSITION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere as organic matter is broken down

COMBUSTION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when organic material is burned

EROSION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when erosion breaks down certain rock

dec

om

po

siti

on

“BANKS” – CO2 in atmosphere and trapped underground in fossil fuels

carbon cycle animated

Write a descriptive summary of the events shown.

WHITE DOTS - carbon dioxide released from combustion (forest fire, burning fossil fuels) or respiration (soil and plant & animal

BLUE DOTS - water, note how they collide with the white dots to represent photosynthesis

GREEN DOTS - carbon trapped in glucose from photosynthesis - note how green dots move through organisms then flash red to represent respiration

RED DOTS - represents respiration or combustion - note the red flash of green dots into white dots at soil respiration and animal & plant respiration - and the red flash into white at forest fire & burning of fossil fuels

NITROGEN CYCLE

79% of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas but it is in a form most living things cannot use.

N2free

nitrogen

NITROGEN CYCLE

If we can’t take in free nitrogen, how do we acquire it so we can use it in our bodies?

Why do we need nitrogen in our bodies?

NITROGEN CYCLEHow do we acquire usable

nitrogen?Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert

nitrogen into nitrates.Plants absorb nitrates.Animals eat plants.

N2

in airnitrogen-fixing

bacteria

NITRATES

NITROGEN CYCLEHow does the nitrogen return to

the atmosphere?Denitrifying bacteria convert

the nitrates back into nitrogen.

N2

in airnitrogen-fixing

bacteria

NITRATES

denitrifyingbacteria

NITROGEN CYCLE

Why do we need nitrogen?

Nitrogen

protein

?

NITROGEN CYCLE

Can plants & animals use free nitrogen?

In what form must N2 be to be used by plants?

What organisms can fix the N2 into a usable form?

N2free

nitrogen

nitrates

nitrogen-fixingbacteria

NITROGEN CYCLESimplified

Use the next diagram to help you define the relationship of the following terms to the nitrogen cycle.

– free N2 bank

– nitrogen fixation

– nitrates

– organisms

– organic material

– denitrification

org

anis

ms

NITROGEN CYCLESimplified

Free N2 in Atmosphere

nitrogen-fixingbacteria

NITRATES

denitrifyingbacteria

RIP

Organicmaterial

FREE N2 “BANK” - Pure nitrogen “banked” in the atmosphere which is made up of 79% nitrogen.

NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA - nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrate compoundsNITRATES - the form

of nitrogen that can be used by organisms

ORGANISMS - Plants take in nitrates and use them in their tissues; animals eat the plants and get the nitrates from plant tissues

ORGANIC MATERIAL - Dead organisms, animal waste and organic litter are decomposed by bacteria and other decomposers

DENITRIFICATION - Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates from decomposition back into free nitrogen.

NITROGEN CYCLE

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

nitratesorganicmatter

denitrifyingbacteria

gaseous losses (N2, NOx) lightning

fixes N2 intonitrates

NITROGEN CYCLE

Nitrogen Cycle Animation http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcseb

itesize/biology/ecology/nitrogencyclerev1.shtml (scroll down to view)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/flash/bi01013.swf (same graphic but alone on a page)

Nitrogen Cycle

Find the brown dots entering plants and animals.

In what form is the nitrogen?

What main organisms “fix” the N for use?

(N-fixingbacteria)

Reviewing the Cycles

WATER CYCLE

– evaporation

– condensation

– precipitation

– transpiration

Reviewing the CyclesCARBON CYCLE

– photosynthesis-respiration

– combustion

– erosion

– decomposition

RIP

atmosphere“bank”

Reviewing the CyclesNITROGEN CYCLE

– nitrogen-fixing bacteria

– nitrates

– decomposition

– denitrification

Free N2 in Atmosphere

nitrogen-fixingbacteria

NITRATES

RIPOrganicmaterial

denitrifyingbacteria

Cycle Interrelationships

Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur,

Phosphorusin Plants and Organisms

N2

Fossil Fuel Combustion

H2O

CO2

SO2, NO2

Phyto- plankton

Zoo- plankton

Ocean Sediments

Nutrient Recycling

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Nitrates, Sulfates,

Phosphates

Phosphate

Nitrite, Dead Organic Mattrer &

Decomposers

H2O

Urea Runoff

Respiration Decomposition

Transpiration

Works Cited

“Transpiration”. No date. Online Image. Department of Energy. June 6, 2006. www.epa.gov/ord/images/leaftransp.jpg

“Stomates”. No date. Online Image. Department of Energy. June 6, 2006. http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/eb/Highlights/CaOscillate/body_caoscillate.html

“Animated Water Cycle”. No date. Online Image. Environmental Protection Agency. June 6, 2006. www.epa.gov/region7/kids/drnk_b.htm

Works Cited

“Animated Carbon Cycle”. No date. Online Image. National Park Service. June 6, 2006. http://www.nps.gov/olym/hand/process/ccycle.htm

“Animated Nitrogen Cycle”. No date. Online Image. National Park Service. June 6, 2006. http://www.nps.gov/olym/hand/process/ncycle.htm