Teachback Tobacco & Nicotine

Tobacco/NicotineCourtney Kelly

TeachbackDrugs & Society

Tobacco Facts

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United States.

“Cigarette smoking results in more than 480,000 premature deaths in the U.S. each year-about 1 in every 5 U.S. deaths-and an additional 16 million people suffer with a serious illness caused by smoking” (According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Second hand smoke exposure can result in disease and death. “Every year approximately 88 million American nonsmokers are

exposed to second hand smoke and almost 41,000 nonsmokers die from disease pertained to second hand smoke” (According to the National Institute on Daily Drug Abuse).

DrugFacts: Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products

How does Tobacco Affect the Brain?

There is an addictive substance called nicotine that are in cigarettes and other forms of tobacco (cigars, pipe tobacco, snuff, and chewing tobacco).

Nicotine is absorbed into the bloodstream when tobacco is either chewed, inhaled, or smoked.

On average while smoking one cigarette it takes about 10 puffs over the period of 5 minutes that it is burned.

A person who smokes a pack (25 cigarettes) daily gets 250 “hits” of nicotine each day.

When nicotine evades the bloodstream, it rouses the adrenal glands to release a hormone called epinephrine (adrenaline).


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Epinephrine then stimulates the central nervous system, increasing blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate.

Nicotine increases levels of neurotransmitter dopamine which affect the brain paths that regulate reward and pleasure.

After long time use of tobacco, one will experience brain changes induced by continued nicotine exposure which results in addiction.


How does Tobacco Affect Health?

Smoking cigarettes accounts for 1/3 of all cancers. 90% are lung cancer cases from cigarette smoking. Smokeless tobacco increases ones risk of developing oral cancer. Adults who smoke die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers. Smoking has been linked to leukemia, cataracts, and pneumonia. Smoking can cause lung diseases which include:

Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema Heart Disease (stroke, heart attack, vascular disease, and aneurysm)


Health Risk Chart

WHO | Graphs.

What is Tobacco?

Tobacco is a leafy plant grown around the world. China, Brazil, India, and the US produce 2/3 of the worlds tobacco. Tobacco is grown in 16 states in the U.S. A complex mixture of chemicals can be found in tobacco products;

which include carbon monoxide, tar, formaldehyde, cyanide, and ammonia.

DrugFacts: Cigarettes and Other Tobacco ProductsFacts About Smoking and Tobacco Use | Be Tobacco Free.gov.

Tobacco & Pregnancy

Pregnant women who smoke cigarettes are at an increased risk of miscarriage, stillborn or premature infants, or infants of low birth weight.

Maternal smoking is linked with learning and behavioral problems in children.

When you smoke during pregnancy, the toxic brew gets into your bloodstream, where your baby's only sources of oxygen and nutrients come from.

DrugFacts: Cigarettes and Other Tobacco ProductsFacts About Smoking and Tobacco Use | Be Tobacco Free.gov.

Second Hand Smoke

When exposed to second hand smoke at home or work there is an increase risk of developing disease by 25-30% and lung cancer by 20-30%.

Children who grow up with parents that smoke are more likely to become smokers.

Second hand smoke causes health problems both in children and adults which include: Coughing Over productive phlegm Reduced lung function Respiratory (pneumonia & bronchitis)


Treatments for Tobacco Addiction

When an addicted user tries to quit a substance, he or she experiences withdrawal symptoms.

Symptoms include irritability, attention difficulties, sleep disturbances, increased appetite, and powerful cravings for tobacco.

Some users can quit on their own, while others need assistance. A combination of medication and counseling is the most effective way

to quite. Toll Free Quitline: 800-Quite-NOW (Assistance for Quitting) Behavioral Treatment- Varies from self-help material to counseling.

These interventions teach people to identify high-risk situations and develop coping strategies to deal with them.


Treatment Continued..

Nicotine Replacement Treatments- Pharmacological treatments used in smoking sensation therapy. FDA approved NRT products include nicotine chewing gum, the nicotine transdermal patch, nasal spray, inhalers, and lozenges. Successful when used with behavioral treatments.

Other Medications- Bupropin and Varenicline, target nicotine receptors in the brain. Have easy withdrawal symptoms and blocks the effects of nicotine if people resume smoking.

Current Treatment Research- Working on a nicotine vaccine, which would block nicotine's reinforcing effects by causing the immune system to bind to nicotine in the bloodstream preventing it from reaching the brain.

“Research suggest that a 35-year-old man who quits smoking, will on average increase his life expectancy by 5 years”. DrugFacts: Cigarettes and Other Tobacco

Products

Conclusion

I agree that treatment is most successful when used with a combination of medication and counseling for assistance in quitting.

One thing I disagreed with throughout my research would be the nicotine vaccine, I’m skeptical of the idea.

Discussion Question: Do you think that all states should adopt the smoke free car law, if so what should the penalty and fines be?

Works Cited

DrugFacts: Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products ... (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2016, from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cigarettes-other-tobacco-products Facts About Smoking and Tobacco Use | Be Tobacco Free.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2016, from http://betobaccofree.hhs.gov/about-tobacco/facts- figures/index.html WHO | Graphs. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2016, from http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/graphs/en/

http://betobaccofree.hhs.gov/about-tobacco/facts-

http://betobaccofree.hhs.gov/about-tobacco/facts-

Teachback Tobacco & Nicotine

Health & Medicine

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