TDS Measurement

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Total Dissolved Solids

Definition: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is ameasure of the sum of all inorganic and organicsubstances in a liquid in molecular, ionized ormicro-granular colloidal suspended form. Thesolids must be small enough to survive filtrationthrough a sieve the size of to micrometer.

TDS solids are normall! found in all freshaters!stems. "a#or applications of TDS are: at lolevels the stud! of ater qualit! for streams, rivers,la$es, potable ater taste, and at high levels the

control of scale in recirculating ater s!stems. %t isa qualit! indicator for drin$ing ater and is ageneral measure of the presence of chemicals. %nseaater &' desalination, TDS provides a a! ofcomparing the feed ith the permeate qualit! thatis relevant to drin$ing ater taste standards.

here does TDS come from

TDS in surface aters come from the solventaction of ater in contact ith minerals in theearth, agricultural and residential runoff, leachingof soil contamination, and used ater fromindustrial or seage treatment plants. *ommonchemical constituents are calcium, sodium,chloride, potassium, phosphates and nitrates. The!ma! be cations, anions, molecules or agglomerations of molecules, so long as the! aresoluble. The +nited States and *anada have asecondar! ater qualit! standard of mg/ TDSor less for palatable drin$ing ater. ater ithTDS of greater than mg/ ma! have poor tasteand hen over 0 mg/ ill taste li$e ea$1l$a-Seltzer2 to most people.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS), are different fromTDS as the! cannot pass through a sieve of tomicrometers and are suspended in solution.3locculation and sand filtration can remove settle-able solids and suspended solids from the ater butdissolved TDS solids are not removed.

TDS in Water Systems

TDS enters recirculating ater s!stems ith theater suppl! from municipal, la$e, river, or ell

ater. 'nce inside evaporation of a portion of therecirculating ater concentrates TDS solids. 4ighTDS levels generall! indicate hard ater, aterhardness must be removed or ill cause scalebuildup in pipes, valves, and filters, reducingperformance and adding to boiler s!stemmaintenance and efficienc! costs. TDS isfrequentl! tested manuall! and b! continuous TDSanal!zer hich operates a blodon valve to $eepthe s!stem belo the scale depositionconcentration.

These effects can also be seen in aquariums, spas,simming pools, and reverse osmosis atertreatment s!stems. T!picall!, in these applications,TDS is tested manuall! frequentl! or b! continuousTDS anal!zer, plus equipment and filtrationmembranes are inspected for deposits.

%n aquaculture, TDS is monitored to create a ater

29 Centennial Road Orangeville Ontario L9W 1R1 Tel:(519)941-8161 Fa:(519)941-8164 1-8!!-265-9161

"""#i$$ontrol%#$o& %ale%'i$$ontrol%#$o&

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS MEASUREMENT

Illustration: 210-C analyzer configured to

measure TDS.
http://www.iccontrols.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.iccontrols.com/


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qualit! environment suitable for the organism. 3orfreshater o!sters, trouts, and other high valueseafood, highest productivit! and economic returns

are achieved b! mimic$ing the TDS and p4 levelsof each species5 native environment.

%n h!droponics, total dissolved solids is consideredone of the best indicators of nutrient availabilit! forthe plants being gron.

TDS Measurement Methods

There are to principal methods of measuring totaldissolved solids: gravimetic and conductivit!. The

standard method is gravimetric, hich isconsidered the most accurate and involvesevaporating the sample to dr!ness at 06 7*, thento 08 7* to remove an! occluded ater, (atermolecules trapped in mineral matri9), theneighing it ith a precision anal!tical balance(normall! capable of .0 gram accurac!). Thismethod is generall! considered best, although it isslo and has inaccuracies from lo-boiling-pointchemicals hich evaporate ith the ater.

TDS of ater is directl! related to the conductivit!of dissolved ionized solids in the ater. %ons fromthe dissolved solids create the abilit! for ater toconduct an electrical current, hich is measured b!the %* *ontrols 0-* anal!zer, and immediatel!displa!ed as sodium chloride ppm or mg/ or;Scm conductivit!. hen periodicall!standardized ith %* *ontrols TDS standards or b!laborator! gravimetric TDS measurement, TDSanal!zers based on conductivit! provide a quic$accurate value of the TDS.

TDS in Boilers

1s a boiler generates steam, TDS impurities hichare in the feedater do not boil off ith the steam.TDS impurities concentrate in the boiler ater,building up to produce scale #ust li$e in a $ettle. 1sthe dissolved solids become more concentrated, thesteam bubbles formed are more stable, failing to

pop hen the! reach the ater surface in the boiler. ? to 6 ppm (mg/)

from > to ? to ppm (mg/)

from ? to = to ppm (mg/)

from = to @ 0 to 0 ppm (mg/)

from @ to 0 0 to 0 ppm (mg/)

from 0 to 08 0 ppm (mg/)

Too high TDS, besides carr!over, can result inscale deposits on the boiler heat surfaces.&egardless of the t!pe of scale deposited boilerheat surfaces all e9hibit a loered abilit! to

transmit heat. Studies publisher b! ater treatmentchemical companies have shon that 6 mm(.0 inch) of scale thic$ness causes about to6 A boiler efficienc! loss. Bot onl! does it adddirectl! to the fuel bill, but also the sloed heattransfer from hot gas to boiler ater results inhigher temperature in the tube metal, and possibletube failure, boiler outage, and costl! repairs.

29 Centennial Road Orangeville Ontario L9W 1R1 Tel:(519)941-8161 Fa:(519)941-8164 1-8!!-265-9161"""#i$$ontrol%#$o& %ale%'i$$ontrol%#$o&
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4oever, hen TDS is measured on line b! the%* *ontrols 0-* anal!zer, and continuousl!displa!ed as ppm TDS or mg/ or can also be

displa!ed as ;Scm conductivit!, there is reason toe9pect scale deposition can be avoided. hen TDSis measured on line and control (blodon)automated ith the TDS set point set inconsultation ith !our boiler specialt! chemicalsupplier, scale deposits can be eliminated, savingfuel and maintenance costs.

ra %a&*ling +or o++ line anal,%i%


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1 TDS analyzer, 210-C-2-10-20-931 TDS sensor, 401-2.0-23-34-72(6M)

1 TDS analyzer, 210-C-2-10-20-931 TDS sensor, 401-2.0-23-34-72(6M)

210-C:Analyzer210-C:Analyzer

Benefits -Solid meal !oiler "o#se s#r$i$or %o#sin&-Dis'lay s%os TDS, em'era#re, 4 alarms, 2 4-20 m-Dis'lay as ne#ralized TDS, or non-ne#ralized TDS-TDS dis'lay #nis a$aila*le are ''m, m&+, or ''-SC a/or ad#sa*le *eeen 0.40 - 1.10-asy /ali*raion - re/o&nizes sandards, %olds o#'#s-Sel- and sensor dia&nosi/s-4-20 m o#'#s 1 or TDS, 1 or Tem'era#re-4-20 m limis dire/ se in ''m or m&+l TDS-o#r 'ro&ramma*le alarms i% sel- and sensor aler-- /onrol and+or '#m' '#lser /onrol-TDS se 'oin #nis dire/ se in ''m, m&+, or ''-'ional 5D /onrol-'ional /omm#ni/aions

Benefits -Solid meal !oiler "o#se s#r$i$or %o#sin&-Dis'lay s%os TDS, em'era#re, 4 alarms, 2 4-20 m-Dis'lay as ne#ralized TDS, or non-ne#ralized TDS-TDS dis'lay #nis a$aila*le are ''m, m&+, or ''-SC a/or ad#sa*le *eeen 0.40 - 1.10-asy /ali*raion - re/o&nizes sandards, %olds o#'#s-Sel- and sensor dia&nosi/s-4-20 m o#'#s 1 or TDS, 1 or Tem'era#re-4-20 m limis dire/ se in ''m or m&+l TDS-o#r 'ro&ramma*le alarms i% sel- and sensor aler-- /onrol and+or '#m' '#lser /onrol-TDS se 'oin #nis dire/ se in ''m, m&+, or ''-'ional 5D /onrol-'ional /omm#ni/aions

Model 01-2!0:TDS Sensor" #ond! $asedModel 01-2!0:TDS Sensor" #ond! $ased

What to %rder" for Drin&in' Water Taste monitorin'and (everse %smosis )ermeate Taste monitorin' $y TDS

What to %rder" for Drin&in' Water Taste monitorin'and (everse %smosis )ermeate Taste monitorin' $y TDS


What to %rder for Boiler TDSWhat to %rder for Boiler TDS

1 TDS analyzer, 210-C-1-10-20-931 TDS sensor, 404-2.0-34-71(6M)


Benefits -Solid meal ind#srial s#r$i$or %o#sin&

-Dis'lay s%os TDS, em'era#re, 4 alarms, 2 4-20 m-Dis'lay as TDS-TDS dis'lay #nis a$aila*le are ''m, m&+, or ''-SC a/or ad#sa*le *eeen 0.40 - 1.10-asy /ali*raion - re/o&nizes sandards, %olds o#'#s-Sel- and sensor dia&nosi/s-4-20 m o#'#s 1 or TDS, 1 or Tem'era#re-4-20 m limis dire/ se in ''m or m&+ TDS-o#r 'ro&ramma*le alarms i% sel- and sensor aler-- /onrol and+or '#m' '#lser /onrol-TDS se 'oin #nis dire/ se in ''m, m&+, or ''-'ional 5D /onrol-'ional /omm#ni/aions

Benefits -Solid meal ind#srial s#r$i$or %o#sin&

-Dis'lay s%os TDS, em'era#re, 4 alarms, 2 4-20 m-Dis'lay as TDS-TDS dis'lay #nis a$aila*le are ''m, m&+, or ''-SC a/or ad#sa*le *eeen 0.40 - 1.10-asy /ali*raion - re/o&nizes sandards, %olds o#'#s-Sel- and sensor dia&nosi/s-4-20 m o#'#s 1 or TDS, 1 or Tem'era#re-4-20 m limis dire/ se in ''m or m&+ TDS-o#r 'ro&ramma*le alarms i% sel- and sensor aler-- /onrol and+or '#m' '#lser /onrol-TDS se 'oin #nis dire/ se in ''m, m&+, or ''-'ional 5D /onrol-'ional /omm#ni/aions

Model 0-2!0:TDS Sensor" #ondu#tivity $asedModel 0-2!0:TDS Sensor" #ondu#tivity $ased

Benefits - #&&ed C58C s#r$i$or %o#sin&

-#&&ed TDS Sensor i% dire/ /onne/ irin&-a'id and a//#rae TDS readin&s-asy /ali*raion in air and TDS sandards-asy in line Sandardize i% &ra* sam'les-'erain& em'era#re o 90:C (194:) ma;im#m-'erain& 'ress#re o 1.2 M5a (17< 'si) ma;im#m-#omai/ em'era#re /om'ensaion-Consr#/ed o iani#m, $ion and C58C-Dire/ inserion, 1= 5T s/re in desi&n-Sam'le SS lo /ell o'ion -73, 1= 5T Tee-o mainenan/e

Benefits - #&&ed C58C s#r$i$or %o#sin&

-#&&ed TDS Sensor i% dire/ /onne/ irin&-a'id and a//#rae TDS readin&s-asy /ali*raion in air and TDS sandards-asy in line Sandardize i% &ra* sam'les-'erain& em'era#re o 90:C (194:) ma;im#m-'erain& 'ress#re o 1.2 M5a (17< 'si) ma;im#m-#omai/ em'era#re /om'ensaion-Consr#/ed o iani#m, $ion and C58C-Dire/ inserion, 1= 5T s/re in desi&n-Sam'le SS lo /ell o'ion -73, 1= 5T Tee-o mainenan/e

'ion 1 *01 Sam)le Cooler'ion 1 *01 Sam)le Cooler

Model *01-1+:Sam)le CoolerModel *01-1+:Sam)le Cooler

Benefits -Solid meal !oiler "o#se s#r$i$or %o#sin&-#&&ed TDS Sensor i% ;'losion 5roo "o#sin&-a'id and a//#rae TDS, or non-ne#ralized TDS-asy /ali*raion in air and TDS Sandards-asy in line Sandardize i% >ra* Sam'les-"i&% o'erain& em'era#re o 200:C (392:) ma;im#m-"i&% o'erain& 'ress#re o 2.? M5a (400 'si) ma;im#m-#omai/ em'era#re /om'ensaion-Consr#/ed o 316 SS, D5M, and 5@-Dire/ inserion, 3+4= 5T s/re in desi&n-Sam'le SS lo /ell o'ion -23, 1= 5T Tee-o mainenan/e

Benefits -Solid meal !oiler "o#se s#r$i$or %o#sin&-#&&ed TDS Sensor i% ;'losion 5roo "o#sin&-a'id and a//#rae TDS, or non-ne#ralized TDS-asy /ali*raion in air and TDS Sandards-asy in line Sandardize i% >ra* Sam'les-"i&% o'erain& em'era#re o 200:C (392:) ma;im#m-"i&% o'erain& 'ress#re o 2.? M5a (400 'si) ma;im#m-#omai/ em'era#re /om'ensaion-Consr#/ed o 316 SS, D5M, and 5@-Dire/ inserion, 3+4= 5T s/re in desi&n-Sam'le SS lo /ell o'ion -23, 1= 5T Tee-o mainenan/e

Benefits -316 SS !oiler "o#se Cooler-Cools %i&% em'era#re liA#ids o sae %andlin& Tem'.-!oiler aer, eed aer, seam, /%emi/al sol#ions-a'id and a//#rae TDS &ra* sam'les-ner&y ei/ien /o#ner lo desi&n-asy /oil remo$al or ins'e/ion or s/ale remo$al-Sae /onin#o#s sam'le #de rom inle o o#le-"i&% o'erain& em'era#re o 216:C (600:) ma;.-"i&% o'erain& 'ress#re o 20.7 M5a (3000 'si) ma;.-1+2= /oolin& aer /onne/ions, or < >5M-Consr#/ed o 316 SS, D5M, and 5eeB

-6?0 //+min (90 l*+%r) aer-


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&ecover! of otherise questionable qualit! TDS

contaminated condensate can be easil! and economicall!handled b! a 0-* 1nal!zer and a >0-.0 sensor plus a 6a! solenoid valve.

&eturning condensate can be (but ma! not be) contaminatedith untreated ater from heat e9changer lea$s or processliquids and often goes to seer. 4ot condensate at ES%Gcompared to ma$e up ater at ?73 represents a loss of

Trade "ar$s1l$a-Seltzer2 Ca!erH >>2 "!ron /

CT+ per lb. 1 0 gallon per minute hot condensate tric$ling toseer cost about J0. in heat loss per !ear

(0 galmin 9 8.66 lbgal 9 ? min 9 > hr 9 6? d 9 CT+lb) 9 0>.0? CT+ ([email protected] oil) F appro9J0..

here returning condensate ma! be contaminated so it goesto seer, use of a simple condensate monitoring s!stem plus a6 a! diversion solenoid valve can pa! for itself in the first!ear.

Copri!"t #$%& IC Co'trols Lt() All ri!"ts reser*e()





Benefits -Solid meal ind#srial s#r$i$or %o#sin&-Dis'lay s%os TDS, em'era#re, 4 alarms, 2 4-20 m-Dis'lay as TDS-TDS dis'lay #nis a$aila*le are ''m, m&+l, or ''-SC a/or ad#sa*le *eeen 0.40 - 1.10-asy /ali*raion - re/o&nizes sandards, %olds o#'#s-Sel- and sensor dia&nosi/s-4-20 m o#'#s 1 or TDS, 1 or Tem'era#re-4-20 m limis dire/ se in ''m or m&+ TDS-o#r 'ro&ramma*le alarms i% sel and sensor aler-- /onrol and+or '#m' '#lser /onrol-TDS se 'oin #nis dire/ se in ''m, m&+, or ''-'ional 5D /onrol-'ional /omm#ni/aions

Benefits -Solid meal ind#srial s#r$i$or %o#sin&-Dis'lay s%os TDS, em'era#re, 4 alarms, 2 4-20 m-Dis'lay as TDS-TDS dis'lay #nis a$aila*le are ''m, m&+l, or ''-SC a/or ad#sa*le *eeen 0.40 - 1.10-asy /ali*raion - re/o&nizes sandards, %olds o#'#s-Sel- and sensor dia&nosi/s-4-20 m o#'#s 1 or TDS, 1 or Tem'era#re-4-20 m limis dire/ se in ''m or m&+ TDS-o#r 'ro&ramma*le alarms i% sel and sensor aler-- /onrol and+or '#m' '#lser /onrol

-TDS se 'oin #nis dire/ se in ''m, m&+, or ''-'ional 5D /onrol-'ional /omm#ni/aions

Model 01-0!1:TDS Sensor" #ond! $asedModel 01-0!1:TDS Sensor" #ond! $ased

Benefits -Solid meal !oiler "o#se s#r$i$or %o#sin&-#&&ed TDS Sensor i% ;'losion 5roo "o#sin&-a'id and a//#rae TDS, or non-ne#ralized TDS-asy /ali*raion in air and TDS Sandards-asy in line sandardize i% &ra* sam'les-"i&% o'erain& em'era#re o 200:C (392:) ma;im#m-"i&% o'erain& 'ress#re o 2.? M5a (400 'si) ma;im#m-#omai/ em'era#re /om'ensaion-Consr#/ed o 316 SS, D5M, and 5@-Dire/ inserion, 3+4= 5T s/re in desi&n-Sam'le SS lo /ell o'ion -23, 1= 5T Tee-o mainenan/e

Benefits -Solid meal !oiler "o#se s#r$i$or %o#sin&-#&&ed TDS Sensor i% ;'losion 5roo "o#sin&-a'id and a//#rae TDS, or non-ne#ralized TDS-asy /ali*raion in air and TDS Sandards-asy in line sandardize i% &ra* sam'les-"i&% o'erain& em'era#re o 200:C (392:) ma;im#m-"i&% o'erain& 'ress#re o 2.? M5a (400 'si) ma;im#m-#omai/ em'era#re /om'ensaion-Consr#/ed o 316 SS, D5M, and 5@-Dire/ inserion, 3+4= 5T s/re in desi&n-Sam'le SS lo /ell o'ion -23, 1= 5T Tee-o mainenan/e

'ion 1 TDS Standards'ion 1 TDS Standards 'ion 2 A,200000 Ca$le -Bo. to Analyzer'ion 2 A,200000 Ca$le -Bo. to Analyzer

Benefits-Man#a/#rers re/ommended /a*le-s%ielded sensor si&nal &es *a/B o analyzer-'roe/ion rom sray ele/ri/al noise-relia*le sensor and analyzer 'erorman/e-ire size is erminal *lo/Bs

-#nliBe y'i/al 14 >a&e solid ire, easily maBes #rns-lo mainenan/e-a$aila*le *y %e meer (or oo), s'e/iy len&% desired

Benefits-Man#a/#rers re/ommended /a*le-s%ielded sensor si&nal &es *a/B o analyzer-'roe/ion rom sray ele/ri/al noise-relia*le sensor and analyzer 'erorman/e-ire size is erminal *lo/Bs

-#nliBe y'i/al 14 >a&e solid ire, easily maBes #rns-lo mainenan/e-a$aila*le *y %e meer (or oo), s'e/iy len&% desired

Benefits-Cali*rae is easy, no lon& ime delay-ran&e o $al#es a$aila*le-in/l#des a*le o $al#es a $ario#s em'era#res

Can *e ra/ed o ST-1100244 70.1 ''m or m&+ as aCl a 2

TDS Measurement

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